Shakarim Kudaiberdiyev

The spiritual godfather and student of Abay, philosopher, thinker, historian, poet Shakarim Kudayberdyuly born July 11, 1858 in Ken-Bulak Chingiz parish Semipalatinsk district (Abai district of Semipalatinsk region) in the family Tobykty headed Kunanbayev father Kudaiberdy - elder brother Abay. Mother Shakarima - Tolebike, Aldabergena daughter, from generation Karakesek. Shakarim`s works stored information and facts about his life path and creative activity.

Father Shakarima Kudaiberdy gave it 5 years doctrine aul mullah, who he quickly learned to read and write Arabic and Persian. Years of childhood, adolescence and youth Shakarim, despite the fact that a boy of 7 years was left an orphan, passed happily, in prosperity and contentment, under the patronage of a powerful grandfather Kunanbai. " My late grandfather spared me as an orphan, so not too bothered teaching, and therefore kakoy-to degree I was ignorant, did whatever came into my head and grew without the rigors of in respect of education and training, " - later recalled Shakarim.

The true mentor Shakarima located on the care of his grandfather, he becomes Abay. Youth Shakarim was held in an atmosphere in which the revered art of the word, science and education. Aul Khoja Kunanbai famous for the fact that there ascended the search for truth and knowledge, in other words, all progressive. Shakarim was a true disciple of the school of Abai, where the revered shrine of oratory skills, creativity and commitment to any kind of music.

Being in Semey, Shakarim matured gets an accordion, hurdy-gurdy and violin, on which he learned to play some Russian musician. He is also involved in painting, the work of the stone, and the tailors clothes invents, manufactures violins, dombra, keeps racehorses, hunting with eagles. It is known that he made prosthesis to the crippled eagle claws of steel. In 14-15 years, under the influence of Shakarim Abai he began to write poetry. The theme of his philosophizing were the nature and ethics, good and evil.

" Poems are my passion since a young age young people to read. But I did not know about the needs of their people and therefore could not then say the right words. "

But at that time I could not close Kudayberdyev to start writing. As soon as he turned 20, he decided to enter politics to help his people achieve a better life, he tried to organize the relationship between births, between different sectors of society, like that in the desert prevail peace and prosperity. In the elections of Shakarim he offered his candidacy and was elected to the county governors.

Kind of school for him was meeting with disputes and litigation. Numerous complaints have disclosed to him how much injustice in the world. He entered into the system of government in which the dominant position occupied the colonial policy of the tsarist government, based on the repression and infringement of the rights of the Kazakh people. The actions of local administrators in this period occurred ugly rat race. At such a difficult field Kudayberdyev repeatedly ran into insurmountable obstacles, knowing that such a defeat, even began to doubt the triumph of justice. Later, remembering those years hard struggle, he wrote with great regret:

" The years between twenty and forty,

Years unique youth.

They have been in vain,

Filling the heart with blood pus. "

Wholly and completely devoted himself to the works of Shakarim around since 1898, after forty years. I began to study Western and Eastern literature on a particular system. At this time he became acquainted with the heritage of poets and thinkers of the East as a Hafiz, Fizuli, Navoi, as well as the works of Byron, Pushkin and Tolstoy. Literature, history, philosophy, music, rhetoric, science, geography - all included in the range of his interests. Shakarim independently mastered Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Russian languages. Fully surrendering to science and knowledge, it is sent to travel, to get acquainted with the people. In 1903 he was admitted a member of Semipalatinsk section of the West-Siberian Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.

Beginning of XX century. It marked the ascent of creative activity of Shakarim. In 1906 he visited Mecca Mysyr, Istanbul, worked in libraries, sending by mail in Semey books purchased them. The last period of his life coincided with the revolution of 1905-1907., The Stolypin reaction, the First World War, the national liberation movement of 1916 in Kazakhstan, the February and October revolutions, civil war, the establishment of the Soviet regime, collectivization.

Shakarim witnessed many important events and changes taking place in the relations between Russia and Kazakhstan. He participated in the national liberation movement " Alash". The establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan, hunger 1920-1921 and 1930-1931 years, a mass confiscation in 1928 - all of this had a great impact on the world of the poet. About the truth of that time, he wrote:

Condemning me from the side,

Considering that belong to the elite of the rich,

Disregarding me and not wanting to talk heart to heart,

Runs from me young tribe.

" Hearing people (about me): that, they say, " out of his mind. "

Mulla told that I was the intruder canons of religion.

There were also those that criticized the " ascension

past obsolete. "

" I am now left to the world naked.

All moved, I - alone,

Tell me, my people, what have I not pleased,

And what trouble I brought you?

After all, my comrades only pencil and paper.

In the years 1912-1922 he lived in Shakarim Kenkonys areas devoted himself entirely to science and creativity. Since 1922 he has lived in the town Shakpan in perfect solitude. October 2, 1931 Shakarim was unjustly convicted and executed in secret. Great talent, great scientist was forgotten for many years.

When life Kudayberdyeva were printed his books such as " Mirror of the Kazakhs", the poem " Kalkaman-Mamyr" and " Enlik-Quebec". Selected poems, articles, essays were published in the years 1913-1924 in the journals " Abay", " Aikap", " Sholpan", the newspaper " Kazakh". " Abay" and " Sholpan" published his translation of the poem by Hafiz and Fizuli " Layla and Majnun". Poetic translation for " Dubrovsky" and " Snowstorm" Pushkin was published in 1936 in Almaty in the journal " Edebiet Maidan".

Despite the fact that the prosecution of the former Soviet Union decision of December 29, 1958 rehabilitated Shakarima for lack of evidence, continued ban on the work of the poet, who was accused of " bourgeois nationalism" and other ridiculous sins. But people are still kept in the memory of the poet`s works. Revision of the official attitude to creativity Kudayberdyeva demanded Kazakh intelligentsia. Only after 1986 it became possible to return poetry Shakarima people. Got publicized its activities for the alashevtsev Congress in Semipalatinsk in 1918, articles, philosophical essays, poems and poems, essays and more. By recording Akhat Kudayberdyeva (1900-1984), the son of Shakarim, poet and composer, we can throw light on the music in the world-the spiritual godfather of Abai. Contrary to the old approach to Islamism Abai as something purely reprehensible, and even more so to the doctrine Shakarima as solid mystical religiosity, there is a need to objectively look at the continuity of Abay - Shakarim. It Abay Shakarim Kunanbayev drew attention to the East, has paid his expenses for the journey to Mecca, Medina, Mysyr, Istanbul, so that he got acquainted with the historical sites, the scientists visited the library. There Shakarim gained valuable books and mastered oriental music recording system. Songs " Zhastyk", " Segiz ayak", " Esker Azhalsyz" Shakarim were written in collaboration with composer-Abay, to put before the young poet of the problem of finding a variety of sizes for a combination of poetry with musical song around. In Shakarim`s verses, arrangements of the music reflects the fundamental philosophical questions, reminiscent of those who asked at the time Kant: " How do I What should I do What hope? ". As a follower of Abai Shakarim took a deep poetic and musical elements, have historically worked out the soul of the Kazakh people, embodied in her layers of beliefs and concepts he has put into the fundamental principles of his philosophical attitude.

Shakarim’s manuscripts were finally returned to their historic homeland because, in the 1930s, not only Shakarim, the descendant of Abai Kunanbai, but also his children were persecuted by Soviet authorities.

Shakarim was shot by NKVD secret police in 1930s and his body was dumped in an unmarked grave only to be rediscovered decades later.

Ziyat, his youngest son and other relatives wereforced to leave their homes and go to Altai. They then left their homeland and settled in China. There he was actively engaged in educational work; his works were printed in the newspaper “Xinjiang Altai”and he started to communicate with activists of the Alash movement. Later he moved to Urumqi, where he first discussed his father’s manuscripts.

“There was a man named Karim Duisebayev who came from Kazakhstan. Ziyat entrusted him with the works of his father, which were most dear to him. Before leaving he said, ‘I’m going to Urumqi. There are very few Kazakhs. And you stay here, where many of our compatriots live. This is the manuscripts of my father. It will be safer to leave them here’, ” said writer and poet Koben Askaruly.

Duisebayev did not keep the priceless papers for very long, as he was soon persecuted. However, during the last month before the exile he managed to give them to Askar Tatanaiuly, one of the founders of Kazakh prose in China, from whom Shakarim’s works were passed into the hands of his son, Koben.

The chronicles of Kazakh, Turkish and Kyrgyz khans described in the writings of Shakarim, as well as his lyrical and poetic thoughts immortalised in manuscripts, were kept for more than half a century in the family of the Chinese Kazakhs.

Shakarim was engaged in politics andelected to the township rulers. He became seriously engaged in creativity only in 1898, after he was 40 years old. He began studying eastern and western literature and familiarised himself with the legacy of such Eastern thinkers and poets as Hafiz, Fizuli and Navoi, as well as the works of Byron, Pushkin and Tolstoy. His translation of Hafiz into Kazakh remains unmatched in skill and technique, as well as a brilliant translation of Pushkin’s story “Dubrovsky. ”He mastered the Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Russian languages. In 1903, he was accepted as a member of the West Siberian Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.

Officially justified

In 1988, Shakarim was justified and his immortal heritage returned to his people. This year, the poet's poems were published in " Zhazushy" and " Zhalyn" publishing houses, and collections of songs from the publishing house " Oster". This year, the 130th anniversary of the hajj was celebrated in Abay district, in 1998 - the 140th anniversary of Semipalatinsk. During these years, one university in Semipalatinsk was renamed and renamed a monument, named after the great poet in the city center. Besides, one of the oldest Kazakh schools in the city was named after the poet. At present there are two research institutes - Semipalatinsk Pedagogical Institute and Shakarim Semey University, where there are research centers of science. Two centers with the same name are Shakarim and Shakarim alemi.

Creativity

Shakarim, who put the eagle on his hand

He criticizes painting haughty, artificial behavior and disorder in his poetic verses such as " Omir", " Sankoilar, " " Yzakorlar", " Kumarlarlyk", " Kalzhynbas" and " Toyinbas" In 1905, Shakerim went on a pilgrimage, telling of his love for a pure, sincere heart (" Aik Asik Sali", " Shyn syrym" ). Using this trip to Mecca, the poet fulfilled his long-term dream. Istanbul has read books about the history of the people living in the Parisian libraries. Based on the collected materials he wrote the book " The Muslim Treaty" (1911) in order to explain the book " The Chronicle of Turkish, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs and Kings" (1911). Here the poet's religiousness is recognized. He strongly criticizes the violators. In his book Shakerim, the book of Allah Most High has used the words of the Holy Qur'an and the words of the Prophet ":

"... And in the ayah: " O Muslims! " He said: " O you who believe! ", " Hadith: It is a sign of faith that does not invalidate its promise of truth, "... " ... man is self-knowing, and that they will try to do something worthy of worship that is worthy of worship. "

In addition, Shakarim's works highlighted a fair and honest person:

" In the history of the faithful never die, " " If you want to be a good son, you must first defeat your self", " Where are you from? " " You can not save without a hell" " If you look smart, If you are good people, do not follow Followers. " " Sometimes it is even a man who says, " Oh, god, what is the dream of the dead? ", " It is not a place for honesty in Kazakh, Tatti is not a pure man, No art of Kazakh art, One of the most demanding jobs ", " The Righteous Way of the Loyal One, Gracious, The People ";

The honesty of loyalty is honesty in the work of Shakarim in the sense of being a honest businessman, a purely laborer:

" Let's face it with a pure labor and keep our souls alive, " " We are doing what is right and we are doing what we want. " Unfeeling speech, honest work, honest work ", " Honest work, solicitous heart, and pure mind, Connected with the universe, " " Kindness, sincerity, gentlemen, honest work, " " Those who do these four are the real ones. "

He introduced the Russian and Western literature to the Kazakh readers. It is highly appreciated by Lev Tolstoy's works and is aimed at developing the world culture of his people. He considered himself a student of Tolstoy all his life. He was writing a letter with him. The novel by American writer Garriet Bjer-Ston's novel " The Brothers' Brotherhood", Tolstoy's " Three Questions" and so on. stories, AS Pushkin's " Boran" and " Dubrovsky" were translated into the Kazakh language. The legend of Fuzuli's " Li'y-Majnun" sings with the example of Nazira. Shaker has always been a democratic, popular, humanistic-educational orientation. In this connection, he was in agreement with the most intelligent Kazakh intelligentsia of the XX century. The poet was a victim of the Soviet totalitarian system. Those who tried to reconcile the people and the representatives of the local authorities and prevent bloodshed fled to the shooting-pit, and the body was thrown into a pit. He was accused of being " an enemy of the people" and forbade reading his compositions. In 1988 the poet's name was completely justified.

Works

Deeper, lyrical poetry from Kudayberdiuly's pen. poems, " Kalkaman-Mamyr", " Enlik-Kebek", " Nartailak-Aisulu", " Adil-Mariya" novel and other prose works, translations, history, philosophical works, music. 1911 " The Turkish, Kyrgyz, Kazakh genealogical chronicles", 1912 " Zhardem" publishing house in Semipalatinsk was renamed " Kazakh Mirror", " Kalkaman-May", " Unforgettable Penalties", " Yenlik-Kebek", " Ushanik", " Muslim Conditions", " Layla-Majnun" p. His works were published. In 1978, a series of poems by Kudayberdiev in the Leningrad collection " Poems of Kazakhstan" were published in Russian. Large collection 1988 Publishing house " Zhalyn".

Songs

Dutch Alvin Ernestovich Bimboes, who for the first time recorded the songs of Shakarim. From 1919 to 1922 he worked as an instructor at Akmola Political Department and was engaged in recording Kazakh songs. As a result, in 1926, NF In the musical ethnography collection, edited by Finezhen, Bimboes also published the twenty-five songs of Kazakh poetry, including a large volume of Kazakh music. Shakarim's two songs will be released under the name " Shakarim No. 1", " Shakarim No. 2". But the songs of both songs are not written under the title, but only in Russian. AE The second form of the song " Shakarim №1", which was recorded by Bimboes, was included in the collection " 1000 songs of the Kazakh people" by AV Zatayevich in 1925, " Tlek - bata". And Shakarim's song " This song is a song from the old song" Zataevich's " Songs and Songs of the Kazakhs", published in 1931, is entitled " Shakarim Kudaiberin's Song". In the reference # 156 of this collection AV Zataevich says, " Shakarim Kudaibergen is an old poet of the Semipalatinsk county, now alive, about the age of seventy. It is likely that the song was imitated by the model of Russian songs. Songs of Shakarim were also instrumental in the works of Kazakh composers. In the first part of the suite " Abay" of Akhmet Zhubanov, A. Zhubanov and L. The composer's works were used by Aiadi's Arios in the Khamidi opera " Abay", duet of Aidar and Hagar. And the story of the poet's poems is noteworthy in the works of poets-writers and composers of the country. For example, it is clear that Shakarim's works are based on the ballet " Kalkaman - Mamyr", play " Enlik - Kebek" and " Enlik - Kebek".

Shakarim and Abai

In the historical period, where Kudaiberdiev lived and worked, the realistic tradition of Abay was founded in the Kazakh literature. Shakarim was one of the first to embark on this modest process. The relationship between Abai and Shakarim is deep. Both poets have shown great energy in solving the problems of their time and social truth. Shakarim Abai, like the poet, is deeply thoughtful and intelligent, from the test of small bosses to the increasingly complex social issues of his own. Shakarim was not the only one who was surrounded by the events around him, but he was interested in everything he had.

He also created his poetic personality at this point. The voice of the poet is heard from this side. His Abay-style realism first appeared in civilian lyricism. He was able to see the real situation at the outset of his people, as a man of his own age, an open-minded citizen. All the thoughts in this direction have poisoned the lyricism. The main object of the poetry lyric is human. Shakarim sees the basics of ignorance. There are truths and criticisms in this verse that are inherent in its realism. What kind of flaw, poet will try to describe. That is why heroes who are tested in some of her poems are like those who are with us today. The poet, who pursued the interests of his people, was not only the one who publicized the negative features of his poetry, but also the judge. He tells his verdict, speaks emotionally around. Shakarim in his poetry, such as " I am hungry and cautious", " Sharu'a and wasting", " Sharp and taniq", " Men and women", " The world and life", " Praise and reprimand", " With a critical look, he makes a true picture of his time. Folk Fate is a hot topic in Kudayberdiuly's poem. At the same time, he is related to Abai. Shakarim, like Abay, is trying to eradicate some of the negative attitudes of the public through his propagandistic poems and personal example, to awaken people's dignity.

The poet and the people

he poet has always been a nation. His reputation is also a fraud and a pride in the people's treasury. " Everyone is rich and welcomed", " People of the Party", " Eh, multitudinous people, multitudes", " Amazing Life", " Kazakh", " Nasihat", " More Poor Kazakh", " Goodbye! ", , " in the" verses, " reflects the state of the nation in a honest way. The examples of the mind are convincing. They give you an indication of the features of the historical development of your eyes. In his poem " Kosh, Zhurtim" the lyrical hero, who has gone through the old age, is looking at the past life of his poet, and now he is nervous. Today, the king has fallen from his throne, and the moonlight of the Kazakh steppe began to shine. The poet, who did his utmost, asked him: " What is your intention? " And asks for the answer. There is optimism in the poem. The poet says that he saw good things here and that the king fell out of the stomach. She hopes that the people will live independently in the future. However, there is also anxiety. Nowadays, such qualities as daily, cheerful, and selfish people need to be eliminated. Unfortunately, these qualities still stick to the foot. What kind of social disorder he is born with from time to time is certainly a defect that can be corrected. In poems in this direction, the poet can accurately present the public psychology in your eyes. The poet's burial is also reflected in the popularization of the people. Social inequality in the society must first be addressed by the poet. The story " Rich and Hotel" tells a story about Kazakh life. Dialogue between the guest and the hostess, who visited the rich house, characterizes the psychology, ethics and aesthetics of the Kazakh aul in that era, the peculiarities, the level of spiritual understanding. Here are also the heroes of Abai. What a great Abay, who has mastered Abai's masterpiece, " How to eat and do not work" tells us how Shakarim's heroes here are in front of them, who are frustrated and unable to deal with them, and who are able to discriminate against each other.

Enlightenment Lyrics

One of the most obvious aspects of Sh. Kudayberdiev's realism is his lyrical theme. The poet's work in this direction was in 1879. Written in his poem " Young People". The idea of enlightenment is a golden pillar of Shakarim's lyrics. This is one area where Abai is in harmony. n his many poems such as " Nasihat", " Matter of Self", " There are three different life", " You are a science... ", " Scientist without a beast", " continues. He strives to awaken the public, leading to science. He invites you to work and learn from cultures. For Kudaiberdiev, the greatest wealth is science. In his poem " Three Different Words", he uses the term " middle life" in human life. This is an active life of a person between youth and old age. Shakerim says that at this time you have the time to go to life, to find the treasure, to find the treasure. The idea of a three-poem poem is to leave the human being in a nutshell as Abai says,

Shakarim and world literature

Kudaiberdiyev, a teacher of Abai's literary school, continued his activity in acquainting the Kazakh people with the world culture. The work of Shakarim in this respect can be divided into three branches. One of them is that the poet propagandizes the leading representatives of the world literature in his poems: Direct communication with creative writer, such as Tolstoy, and creative communication. The third area is the translation of Shakarim's literary works from other countries into Kazakh. The Shakarim included the famous stars of the East, such as Khoja Hafiz, Fuzuli, Nauai. S. Pushkin and L. N. He was a fan of Tolstoy. The Kazakh version of Fuzuli's famous version of the famous lieutenant-stamp. A number of poems by Hafiz, Pushkin's works " Dubrovsky", " Boran", L. N. Six short stories by Tolstoy have been translated by the American novelist, Harriet Beecher Stou, entitled " Tom Brothers' Contribution".

Lyrics

Lyric heroism of Kudayberdiuly is similar to Abai's heroes. Happiness and sorrow are the beginning of joy and sorrow. At times, it is painful. But this is not a pessimism. As in Abai's poems, Shakarim has a lot of notion of " heart", " language", " word". In order to describe the mood and condition of the lyric hero, the poet " wounded heart", " poisonous heart", " heart", " heart", " heart tongue", " such as conceptuality. The poet's lyrical poet, in many ways, is in the hands of the " meat heart" in the search for a " pure heart" and crosses with " crude hearts". Those who are frustrated with the time of day will become " heartaches" in their eyes. In his creative way, he puts the first place on morality, cleanliness and morality. " Do not sell, sell your skin, and seek a cleansing, " says the poet. He addressed these issues from the point of view of the child of his country. He is upset, he is full. He addresses Abay. One of his first works, in his poem " The Youth", presented the poet as himself, as well as Abai, a guide and a guide. The poem's sensuality and loyalty are recognized in the poem. The ability to appreciate Abai's wisdom, wisdom, and self-esteem at that time is more than thirty years old, proving Shakar's qualities. At the age of 21, he wrote poems about Abai and his feelings. The sleeping and the verse are different. Abai's " Eight Legs" roots. In her verse, she is impressed by the beauty of the girl, including the sorrows of the pillow, hot spots, heroes.

Poems

Kudayberdiev is a writer who is also a successful writer in the poem genre. In the second half of the 19th century, he made a significant contribution to the development of the real-life storytelling tradition, originally from Abay. His poem was called " Kalkaman-Mamyr", " Enlik-Kebek", " Nartailak-Aisulu" written in Kazakh language. Abay's " Eskendir" and " Masguti" were the first works of the new Kazakh poetry, followed by Akylbai and Magauiya, Aset and Kokbay, and Shakarim's poems with poetic influence of the great Abai and creative education. Abay, first of all, attracted young people like Shakarim around him to expand the poem field of the new generation. Even some of them gave a title and criticized what they wrote. As a result, Shakarim's artistic skill and achievements in lyrical poetry are evident from the nature of his poems. Her stories are characterized by honesty, imagery, deep psychology, social excellence, and philosophical speculation. Poet's poem " Enlik-Kebek" is written directly by Abai. Shakarim and Magauia sang the poetry of the story between the great teacher Enlik and Kebek alongside the poet. As a result, there are two stories about love. At the same time, Abai compared two tales and gave a worthy estimate to each of them. Kudaiberdiev also left a significant heritage in the field of artistic prose. The novel " Adil Mariya" (1925) was written. It tells about an event that took place in the Kazakh village early in the century. The lives of the adult and the righteous are called Marilyn. Abai's realistic literature has been earned only by his works of truth and creativity. Abai's poems are beautifully decorated in nature, and daily care of the village and the steppe is studied in the novel with a rug.

Prose works

In Kudayberdiyev's prose works, such bright paintings, as well as vivid images, are deeply rooted in philosophy, folk wisdom and history. Kudayberdiev's personality was published in the works of " Three Clear", " The Muslim Terms", " The Chronicles of Turkish, Kyrgyz, Kazakhs and Khan", which led to the recognition of philosopher, historian and thinker. Abay's great teacher, Shakarim's great teacher, was also influenced by their writing. Speaking about Shakarim's talent, Abai instructed him to collect Kazakh genealogy. On the way to accomplish this task of Abai, Shakarim will be able to get acquainted with the works of Abulgazy, Zhusip Balasagun, Radlov, Berezin, Aristov, Levshin and other Chinese, Arab and Persian researchers, as well as collecting different stories within the country. Analyzing the various subtleties and conclusions they contain, she writes sheer labor. Kudayberdiuly is a composer who wrote songs for his poems. From the heart of my words came a beautiful song of up to twenty. His songs such as " This song is from the previous song", " About pillow", " Anadan for the first time" are remembered with delicate slogans, my wealth, composer integrity. Shakarim, who saw direct Abay's education, became a prominent poet, great writer, qualified translator, philosopher, educator, historian, composer, as a prominent figure in the history of Kazakh literature and art, even in the history of national culture.

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