The β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides

The β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides

1 Analyze the possible points of action of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, carbapenems and monobactams in the microbial cells and correlate this with the type of antimicrobial action.

2. Explain the mechanism and type of antibacterial action of β-lactam anti-biotics by placing the following statements in the correct sequence.

А. When susceptible bacteria divide —cell wall deficient (CWD) forms are produced.

B.The β-lactam antibiotics inhibit the transpeptidases

C. Cross linking (which maintains the close knit structure of the cell wall) does not take place.

D. The CWD forms swell and burst → bacterial lysis occurs..

Answer the question:

Why are the β-lactam antibiotics low toxic for macroorganisms?

What is the reason for the rapid development of the resistance?

What is the inhibitor-protected penicillins (cephalosporins)?

3. Determine the spectrum of action of drugs and fill in the table:

Spectrum	Penicillin G	Oxacillin /Cloxacillin	Amoxicillin	Carbenicillin ticarcillin, piperacillin
Streptococci, pneumococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and meningitides, staphylococci, producing penicillinase
Staphylococci, producing penicillinase
B. anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Treponema pallidum, LeptospiraBorrelia
Clostridia
H. influenzae, E. coli, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella and Helicobacter pylori
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides

4. Analyze the pattern changes in concentrations of antibiotics in the blood, determine the drugs А, В, С (Penicillin G, benzathine penicillin, benzylpenicillin procaine). The drugs (500 000 ED) were injected intramuscularly. которые вводили внутримышечно в дозе 500 000ЕД. explain the differences in pharmacokinetics and indicate the possible multiplicity of the introduction

5. Determine semi-synthetic penicillins (ampicillin, Amoxiclav, cloxacillin, carbenicillin):

Drugs	Spectrum		Resistance to Penicillinase	Inhibitor protected	Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Drugs	Narrow (Gram +)	Wide (gram - , gram +)	Resistance to Penicillinase	Inhibitor protected	Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
А		+	-	-	+
B	+		+	-	-
C		+	+	+	-
D		+	-	-	-

6. Choose a treatment: Syphilis, Rheumatic fever, Tetanus and gas gangrene, Streptococcal and Pneumococcal infections ( pharyngitis, otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis) , Urinary tract infections, Bacillary dysentery, infections caused by penicillinase producing Staphylococci, infections caused by H. pylori, infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gonorrhoea

Penicillin G, benzathine penicillin, Amoxiclav, amoxicillin, piperacilline, cloxacillin, ampicillin

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