Parathyroid glands. Sex hormones

Parathyroid glands

Parathyroid hormone - increases the calcium content in the blood; increases its absorption in the intestine, in the kidneys, removes it from the bones into the blood.

Insufficient function (hypoparathyroidism) is accompanied by hypocalcemia.

In children - hypoplasia of the enamel, sometimes spot aplasia.

In adults - tingling of the tongue, numbness of the gums, a feeling of dryness and burning in the mouth, licking pain in the teeth, tightening the lips.

Sex hormones

Sex hormones determine sexual development and maturation, which occurs at the age of 11 - 16 years and is characterized by the full development of primary and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics.

Sexual characteristics:

Primary: sex glands and genitals, which provide the possibility of sexual intercourse and childbearing.

Secondary: the timbre of the voice, the arrangement of the hair on the face and body, the features of the build, the development of the mammary glands in women.

Sex glands: testicles (testicles) in men and ovaries in women have a mixed function. Sex cells are formed here: oocytes and spermatozoa, as well as hormones.

Androgens (testosterone and androsterone). They are necessary for the maturation of spermatozoa, their mobility; for the manifestation of the sexual instinct; stimulate protein synthesis, inhibit fat synthesis, increase basal metabolism; stimulate erythropoiesis

Estrogens and progesterone. Estrogens contribute to the development of the uterus, the vagina; contribute to the manifestation of sexual reflexes, stimulate the growth of the mammary glands.

Progesteroneprovides a normal course of pregnancy, suppresses immunity.

Decreased production of sex hormones - one of the causes of osteoporosis of the alveolar bones of the jaw, often occurs in women with early menopause, also in the postoperative period after removal of the gonads, paradontosis may develop.

Adrenal glands

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