ANS and Endocrine system. Physiology of ANS (autonomic nervous system). The central department.. Peripheral department.

ANS and Endocrine system

Physiology of ANS (autonomic nervous system)

The autonomic (vegetative) nervous system is a part of the nervous system that regulates the work of internal organs, the lumen of the vessels, the metabolism and energy that provide.

The central department.

• Suprasegmentary centers: Cortex, limbic system, hypothalamus,

reticular formation.

• Segmental centers:

1) Parasympathetic - in the brain stem-III, VII, IX, X pairs of CN, in the spinal cord - S2-S4 segments;

2) Sympathetic - in the spinal cord - C8 - L3 segments (in lateral horns)homeostasis, sometimes it is called autonomic, i.e. it does not depend on our will.

Peripheral department.

1) Sympathetic department: pre- and postganglionic nerve fibers, para- and prevertebral ganglia.

Preganglionic fibers are cholinergic, in the ganglia-H-cholinergic receptors, postganglionic - most are adrenergic, in organs: alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors

An exception - Cholinergic fibers in sweat glands and in blood vessels of skeletal muscles, in them - M-holinoretseptory.

2) Parasympathetic department: pre- and postganglionic nerve fibers and intra- and extramural ganglia.

Preganglionic fibers and postganglionic fibers are cholinergic, in ganglia are H-cholinergic receptors, in organs - M-cholinoreceptors.

3) Metasympathetic department ( enteric nervous system). Presented by intramural ganglia in the walls of organs, very well expressed in the gastrointestinal tract: submucosal and intermuscular plexus, here it is called "enteral system". In the ganglia, excitatory and inhibitory neurons, the first mediators are acetylcholine, substance P, serotonin, in inhibitory - VIP, dinorphine, ATP.

Intramural neurons converge the processes of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, as well as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

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