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Вариант-2. Вариант-3. Вариант-4. Настя, Алена, Маша

Вариант-2

1 How many aspects of speech sounds are distinguished? 4 – Articulatoty, Acoustic, Auditory, Functional.

2 How many major types can speech sounds be subdivided into according to the specific character of the work of the speech organs? 2 Vowels, Consonants

3 [r], [w], [j] are termed … Consonants

4 Sounds in the production of which the soft palate is lowered, and the air escapes through the nose are called … nasal occlusive sonorants [m], [n] and [ŋ ]

5 A labial, labio-dental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme /f/

6 An alveolar-apical, constrictive, fricative, lateral sonant /l/

7 A glottal, constrictive, fricative, fortis consonant phoneme /h/

8 A post-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /j/

9 A forelingual, palato-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant phoneme /ʒ /

10 A lingual, backlingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant /ŋ /

11 A labial, bilabial, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /w/

12 A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme /k/

13 A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant /r/

14 A forelingual, interdental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme /θ /

15 A voiceless affricate /tʃ /

16 How many consonant phonemes are there in RP? 24

17 The founder of the phoneme theory is … Baudauin de Courtenay Бодуэн де Куртенэ, Иван Александрович

18 Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called … distinctive/relevant

19 Allophones that are free from the influence of the neighbouring sounds and are most representative of the phoneme as a whole are called … typical or principal and subsidiary

20 Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighbouring speech sounds (assimilation, adaptation, accommodation) are called … positional and combinatory

Вариант-3

1 From the acoustic point of view vowels are called the sounds of … voice, they have high acoustic energy

2 Vowels have no … place of obstruction

3 Sounds whose phonetic content is predominantly made up by the sound waves produced by their voicing are called … Sonorants

5 A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the narrow variety /ɜ ː /

6 A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, back, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ɑ ː /

7 A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back advanced, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ɒ /

8 A monophthong, long, tense, unrounded, front, high / close vowel phoneme of the narrow variety /i: /

10 A monophthong, short, lax, rounded, back, low / open vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ɒ /

11 A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, central / mixed, mid vowel phoneme of the wide variety /ə /

12 A monophthong, short, lax, unrounded, front, mid / half-open vowel phoneme of the narrow variety /e/

13 Change of consonant or vowel quality, loss of consonants or vowels, and even loss of entire syllables in connected speech are called … coarticulatory/adjustment phenomena

14 The process under which a diphthong optionally loses its second element before another vowel, or it is monophthongized, is called … Smoothing

15 Vowels are subdivided into … monophthongs diphthongs, diphthongoids

16 The position of the tongue in the mouth cavity is characterized from two aspects: the horizontal and vertical movement.

17 Traditionally three lip positions are distinguished: … spread, neutral and rounded

18 What articulatory feature characterizes the state of the organs of speech at the moment of producing a vowel? in the articulation of V the air passes freely through the mouth cavity

19 In what positions does the shortening of a vowel length occur? unstressed positions,

20 What changes are vowels of full value subjected to in unstressed syllables?

They are subjected to qualitative changes, e. g. man [mæ n] – sportsman ['spɔ: tsmə n] The quality of the vowel is reduced to the neutral sound [ə ]

Вариант-4

1 What is the principal function of the phoneme? Constitutive

2 The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called … non-distinctive, irrelevant or redundant

3 The phonemes of a language form a system of … sounds

4 The ability to produce English with an English-like pattern of stress and rhythm involves … stress-timing (the placement of stress on selected syllables)

5 Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant are termed … assimilation, reduction, oppositions

6 A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed … ELISION/ellipsis

7 Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next one is called … linking

8 Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa are called … accommodation/adaptation

9 Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is called … Epenthesis

10 The process when two syllables, usually both weak, optionally become one is called … Compression

11 According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the neighbouring C, assimilation may be … partial, total

12 What are the most common types of assimilation in English? Progressive, regressive and reciprocal

13 What type of assimilation occurs in the contractions it’s, that’s… Progressive (perseverative) assimilation

14 What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second consonant in a cluster fuse and mutually condition the creation of a third consonant with features from both original consonants? Coalescent (RECIPROCAL) assimilation

15 Give an example of affricatization.

This assimilation occurs most frequently when final alveolar Cs [t], [d] are followed by initial palatal [j]. Then they become affricates [ʧ ], [ʤ ] - affricatization. Is that your dog? d + j = [ʤ ]

16 Linking and intrusive resound are special cases of … juncture

17 Define the type of assimilation in ten mice [tem mais] – TOTAL (n became m)

18 “Glottalizing” may be used as an allophone of the phoneme … T

19 Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of button ['bʌ tə n] – ['bʌ ɂ n] Glottalling

20 Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of camera ['kæ mə rə ] – ['kæ mrə ] Elision of [ə ]

РИТА

Question Answer

1 A system of interrelated intonational means which is used in a social sphere and serves a definite aim of communication is called …Intonational style

2 The choice of an intonational style is determined primarily by the purpose of communication and then by a number of other extralinguistic and social factors.

3 Informational style includes educational infor­mational descriptive narratives, press reporting and broadcasting, registers

4 Types of style, i. e. certain spheres of discourse are called registers

5 A coordinated simultaneous speech act of two participants is called dialogue

6 Besides verbal communication any kind of dialogue involves means of non-verbal communication — facial expressions, gestures, body movements and noises such as whistles, artificial clearing of the throat, snorts, sniffs, laughs and other paralinguistic features of significance.

7 Do errors in speech bother communicants in dialogues? yes (On the lexical and grammatical level there is a high propor­tion of errors which seem not to bother the speakers. )

8 What is the average length of units in the majority of dialogues? 1—5 words.

9 Is it true that a reporter or a journlist can be completely independent in his political views of his class, party, country and so on? no (The events of political importance can be presented to the public in different lights by using similar techniques, by chang­ing the voice timbre. This only proves the statement that a jour­nalist, a reporter cannot be completely independent in his politi­cal views of his class, party, country and so on. )

10 What is the central function of a newspaper? to inform, , to present a certain number of facts to a reader, listener.

11 Is the speech of radio and television announcers similar? no (is somewhat different though they use simi­lar techniques in the presentation, the ability to be seen on the screen helps a TV news reader to guide the understanding to the viewer by means of facial expressions and gestures. On the con­trary the radio announcer, being isolated in a studio, tends to exaggerate certain prosodic features to be better understood by a listener. ­)

12 Highly skilled newsreaders are capable of making the sense clear by the careful control of rhythm

13 Academic style is described as both intellectual and volitional.

14 Where do we use academic style? in academic and educational lectures, scientific discussions, at the conferences, seminars and in classes.

15 How should a lecturer sound? A lecturer should sound self-assured, authoritative, in­structive and edifying, because any scientific style talk should be well prepared.

16 Who sounds louder a scientific talk presenter or an informational style reader? a scientific talk presenter

17 What tones are used in academic style? High falling and falling-rising terminal tones

18 What is the other term for oratorial style? " publicistic "

19 Artistic, acquired, stage style is Declamatory Style

20 Familiar style is also termed as … Conversational Style

Настя, Алена, Маша