Аня + Саша

An alveolar-apical, constrictive, fricative, lateral sonant		/l/

A glottal, constrictive, fricative, fortis consonant phoneme		/h/

A post-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant		/j/

A forelingual, palato-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, voiced, lenis consonant
phoneme		/ʒ /

A lingual, backlingual, velar, occlusive, plosive nasal sonant		/ŋ /

A labial, bilabial, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant		/w/

A lingual, backlingual, occlusive, plosive, voiceless, fortis consonant phoneme		/k/

A lingual, forelingual, post-alveolar, constrictive, fricative, medial sonant
		/r/
A forelingual, interdental, constrictive, fricative, voiceless, fortis consonant
phoneme		/θ /

A voiceless affricate
		/tʃ /
How many consonant phonemes re there in RP?

The founder of the phoneme theory is …
		Baudouin de Courtenay
Features of phonemes involved in the differentiation of the words are called …		distinctive/relevant

Allophones that are free from the influence of the neighbouring sounds and are		typical or principal and subsidiary
most representative of the phoneme as a whole are called …
Allophones which appear as a result of the influence of the neighbouring speech		positional and combinatory
sounds (assimilation, adaptation, accommodation) are called …
	What is the principal function of the phoneme?		Constitutive
	The articulatory features which do not serve to distinguish meaning are called …		nondistinctive, irrelevant or redundant

	The phonemes of a language form a system of …		sounds

	The ability to produce English with an English-likepattern of stress and rhythm		stress-timing (the placement of stress on selected syllables)
	involves …

	Modifications of a consonant under the influence of a neighbouring consonant are		Assimilation/ reduction. oppositions
	termed …
	A deletion of a sound in rapid or careless speech is termed …		Elision/ellipsis.

	Connecting of the final sound of one word or syllable to the initial sound of the next		linking (or liaison)
	one is called …
	Modifications of a consonant under the influence of the adjacent vowel or vice versa		adaptation or accommodation
	are called …
	Inserting of a vowel or consonant segment within an existing string of segments is		Epenthesis
	called …

	The process when two syllables, usually both weak, optionally become one is called		Compression
	…

	According to the degree the assimilating C takes on the characteristics of the		partial, total
	neighbouring C, assimilation may be …

	What are the most common types of assimilation in English?		anticipatory (or regressive) Progressive, regressive and reciprocal

	What type of assimilation occurs in the contractions it’s, that’s		Progressive assimilation

	What is the name of assimilation in which the first consonant and the second
	consonant in a cluster fuse and mutually condition the creation of a third consonant		Coalescent (RECIPROCAL) assimilation.
	with features from both original consonants?
	Give an example of affricatization.		The English sounds spelled " ch" and " j" (broadly transcribed as [t͡ ʃ ] and [d͡ ʒ ] in the IPA). The voiceless affricate is [tʃ ] as in chain, whereas [dʒ ], as in jelly, is voiced. This assimilation occurs most frequently when final alveolar Cs [t], [d] are followed by initial palatal [j].

	Linking and intrusive r are special cases of …		juncture

	Define the type of assimilation in ten mice [tem mais]		Total assimilation

	“Glottalizing” may be used as an allophone of the phoneme …
			/t/
	Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of button ['b٨ tə n] – ['b٨? n]		T-glottalization
	Name the phenomenon occurring in the pronunciation of camera ['kæ mə rə ] –		Elision of [ə ] (the vowel before letter r is not stressed. )
	['kæ mrə ]

Test 4

The limit for the number of syllables in English is …8
The universal syllabic structure in the canonical form is …CV
The division of words into syllables is called …Syllabification = syllabication
Divide into phonetic syllables the word bottle. Bott-le
What symbol is used to designate a syllabic consonant? [^ə]
What two types of sounds cannot be split during syllabification? The English affricates [ʧ ], [ʤ ] and diphthongs
Divide in writing the word speaking. It has 2 syllables (speak-ing) but it can’t be divided in writing (??? )
Divide in writing the word teacher. It has 2 syllables (teach-er) but it can’t be divided in writing
How is the third syllable from end designated? the antepenultimate syllable
How is the syllable preceding the stressed syllable designated? PRETONIC
What sounds are at the peak of the syllable according to the prominence theory? All the sounds with the greatest degree of sonority (vowels and sonorants)
How many degrees of word stress are singled out in English? primary or strong, secondary or partial, weak unstressed syllables
What degree of word stress do American phoneticians add to the traditionally recognized degrees in English? Tertiary
Indicate word stress placement in the word increase as a) a verb and b) a noun. as a verb [in'kri: s], as a noun['inkris]
What syllable of four- or more-syllable words is stressed in English? the stress is placed on the antepenultimate syllable (third from the end)
How many types of suffixes are identified from the point of view of their influence on word stress placement? 2 types: stress-neutral and stress-fixing
What kind of suffixes are –ic, -ity, -ian from the point of view of their influence on word stress placement? stress-fixing suffixes
Give two examples of stress-fixing suffixes. -ion, -ic, -ese, -al
Which kind of word stress do typically compounds have? They have two equally strong stresses, OR the primary and the secondary stresses (??? )
Give correct lexical stress in an English teacher for a) a teacher who is English b) a teacher of English

1)an ¸ English 'teacher = a teacher who is English 2) an 'English teacher = a teacher of English

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