Terminal tone –a change of pitch at the junction (the joining of two sounds or words) of two sense-groups. See also Nuclear tone.

Tense vowel – a vowel, which is pronounced with the muscles of the throat and tongue tense.

Timber – the quality of a musical sound, depending on what overtones (the tones above the fundamental tone in a harmonic series) are present, including their respective amplitudes. Also tymbre, tambre.

Tone: sounds may be periodical and non-periodical. If the vibrations of a physical body are rhythmical, the auditory impression of periodic waves is a musical tone, or in speech – a speech tone.

Toneme: the toneme of a sentence or of a sense-group is a separate phonological unit because it performs the distinctive function.

Tone groups: In the intonation system elaborated by J. D. O'Connor and G. F. Arnold (1973) all the intonation patterns are divided into ten tone-groups: according to the melodical patterns and the communicative meanings they express. The first five of them are associated with a falling nuclear tone (Low Fall, High Fall, Rise Fall), the rest of them are connected with a rising nuclear tone (Low Rise, High Rise, Fall-Rise Fall + Rise).

Tooth-ridge – a small ridge just behind top teeth.

Traditional orthography – the spelling system generally used for writing English.

Tune One – a falling tone.

Tune Two – a rising tone.

Unaccented – unstressed.

Undertone – a low tone of the voice.

Unrounded vowel – a vowel, which is pronounced with lips unrounded.

Utterance – vocal expression of some idea.

Variations (in “stylistic variations”) – variations in the pronunciation of speech sounds, words and sentences peculiar to different styles of speech.

Velar –pronounced with the back of the tongue near the upper back part of the mouth, e. g. the sounds [k] and [g].

Velum – Soft palate.

Vertical position – a description, – in the production of vowels – of the position of the higher part of the tongue as being near the top of the mouth, in the middle of the mouth, or near the bottom of the mouth.

Vocal cords – appendages in the throat for the production of sounds. Voiced sound – a sound pronounced with the vocal cords tense and vibrating. In English all vowels, and most consonants and clusters are voiced.

Voiceless consonant – a consonant pronounced with the vocal cords not vibrating but with greater breathing.

Volume – force or loudness of oral speech.

Vowels of constantly full formation are unstressed vowels which are used in all styles of pronunciation and are rather close in timbre to the same vowels under stress. They are used in many words of foreign origin (Latin or Greek): e. g. extract ['ekstræ kt], programme ['prə ugræ m].

Weak form – the form of a vowel which is used with form words (articles, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, modal verbs, auxiliary verbs) and some classes of pronouns in unstressed positions to differentiate them from strong forms with different phonemes.

Widening the range – one of the emphatic means which consists in deliberate widening the pitch levels of sense-groups.

Word stress, or word accent: every disyllabic and polysyllabic word pronounced in isolation has word stress. It is the singling out of one or more of its syllables by giving them a greater degree of prominence as compared to the other syllable or syllables in the same word.

Zero reduction – a process when the vowel in a reduced word is omitted.

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