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Examination Card №11I. Reading II. Writing Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Shakespeare's plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural contexts throughout the world. III. Speaking People often take national stereotypes into account when they talk to people from other culture. For example, the British are considered to be a bit snobbish and reserved, and the Americans are known as fast-food lovers. Ukrainians are thought to eat salo (pork) and drink horilka. Over time, some victims of negative stereotypes really display such kind of behaviour. We often store stereotypes in two parts. First there is the generalized descriptions and attributes. For example, Ukrainians have always been considered as Russians. The situation began to change after Ukraine became an independent state. Other stereotypes appear as the result of some events. For instance, many foreigners nowadays believe that Ukraine is full of radioactive mutants. This judgement came into being after the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant in 1986. Stereotypes can also have a positive impact on individuals. Thus, Ukrainian women are considered to be beautiful and hospitable. In general, Ukrainians are described as a peaceful, hard-working nation. One of the worst things about the attitude of Europe to us is their idea that we are all eager to move to their countries. This makes getting visas a little bit difficult procedure. I think we should be more confident and proud of our country to show the world that we are happy to live here. I think that we really need to know more about national stereotypes. People make judgement when they don't know each other very well. But when they meet each other more often, they form new attitudes and beliefs. Communication is the chance to break stereotypes which exist in a society. If we want to change a person's view of the existing national stereotype, we have to be consistently different from it.
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