THE GARUDA PURANA 72 страница

99. Make a present of silver-girdle to lord Bhimadeva and make a row of earthen lamps in front of the idol of the lord, feed the best of his devotees with devotion and make a thundering sound ‘Bhlma, Bhima’ at the top of your voice.

1 00. Propitiate the best of the devotees of Bhima with garments, wine and meat. Worship Mahadeva in a proper way with the mantras of Maharudra and Atirudra.

101. Worship even those devotees of lord Siva who though expert in the knowledge of Saiva scriptures belong to the Sudra class.

102. Prepare vegetable dishes of different variety and propitiate the goddess Sakambhari with devotion and interest.

Decorate her idol and praise her traits. Fix up your mind on the creator Brahma and eyes full of devotion at his idol and offer worship.

103. Worship the best of his devotees, pay homage at his feet, and bow your head to him. On the fifth day of each fortnight of the month, make an earthen idol of lord Sesa and worship him with milk, fried rice grains and such-like other articles used in worship.

104. Wear a naga-pasa around your neck; eat whatever is left of the food that has been offered to the deity. Make an offering of foodstuff on each fourth day of the two fortnights of every month.

105. By these instructions, O lord of birds, the wicked intellect vitiates her husband, the soul. As he associates with her he, the husband in the form of the soul, is stung by her.

106. Therefore, do not associate with her. Resorting to sacrifice make your life a complete success.

The second wife, the noble intellect, encourages the husband in the following way:

107. O my lord, do not propitiate any god or goddess except lord Visnu. Let not that (deceitful) Renuka attend on you. If lord Hari, of unmanifest form is unable to protect you who else can do the same.

108. If you propitiate her who is deceitful and an a-vedic deity, always inimical to you (though outwardly pleasing), you will by that very act contract diseases such as leprosy, fistula, etc., and you will go to hell. This, your bad wife, will not help you at all. Hence, O lord, do not follow upon the bad advice of that wretched lady.

109. O lord, propitiate the brahmanas, the devotees of Visnu, who alone can help you to cross the ocean of suffering in this world. Therefore give up the worship of gods or goddesses (other than Visnu). Is there any gain in propitiating illusion.

110. O my lord, if on the eighth day of each fortnight of the month of Jyestha, you worship AlaksmI taking her for Laksmi and wear the sacred thread round your neck as an insignia of devotion you will suffer an immense lot of trouble.

111. When the emissaries of Yama tie you up with nooses and whip you severely, then AlaksmI ( whom you propitiated during your life-time) will not be present there to help you.

Hence, O lord, abandon your contact with AlaksmI and seek shelter at the feet of lord Hari.

112-113. O ignorant lord, do always resort to Vayutattva and not to Skanda-tattva. Eat fresh butter and not the one that has been left as refuge after god Skanda has partaken of his share. Wearing the thread of protection around your neck, do not suffer any more in this world.

114. When the emissaries of Yama tie you with their nooses and beat you with whips, lord Skanda will not be present there to help you. O lord, give him up and seek the shelter of Lord Hari’s feet.

1 15-1 16. O husband, you raised a pillar of earthen lamps for propitiating the lord and wore a holy thread around your neck for your protection. But when the emissaries of Yama tie you with their noose and whip you severely, the pillar of light and the holy thread will not be there to render help. Take resort at the feet of Visnu, therefore.

1 1 7-1 19. On the day of your marriage, you wore a fresh girdle, waived lights put in the vessel of brass. You made a peculiar sound to propitiate your family god Siva. Chewing betel in the mouth you danced before the lord. But when after death, the emissaries of Yama tie you with their noose, your family god will not be there to help you. Where has he run away, tell me, O lord.

120-121. You propitiated your family goddess, by gifting your ear ornaments or in the absence of ornaments with the hair of your body. But when the fierce emissaries of Yama beat you with iron pestles or mace, your family goddess will not be there to help you. Riding on a donkey she would have fled away long before.

122-123. You held a vessel of bambo wood by your left hand and an earthen lamp by your right and begged O stupid person from door to door when you had a facility of a settled life at home. When after death, the emissaries of Yama beat you severely and put you on the fire of thousands of earthern lamps that snub-nosed Renuka will not be there to ofTer protection.

Where would she have fled away, tell me, O lord.

1 24. That lifeless object, the sword you worshipped with devotion as a devotee would worship the idol. You barked like a dog. You discarded home when you had the facility of a settled life.

125. When after death, the emissaries of Yama beat you up and you cried, then where did your family deity run away leaving you, the best of his devotees, all alone.

126. You worshipped the idol of Bhimasena adorned with five jewels. You offered sweet dishes, loin cloth, etc., to the devotees. O silly one, you wandered when you had the facility of a settled life at home.

127. When the emissaries of Yama beat you on the way to Yama’s region, where did the deity Bhima run away leaving you all alone? O ignorant one, take shelter at the feet of lord Visnu, O ignorant one.

128. You offered worship to lord Siva, repeating the name Hara which means the remover of all suffering. When you had the facility of a settled life at home, you wandered. When your house was on fire, where did your lord Hara fly away {tell me, O lord).

129. At the festival of goddess Sakambhari, you worshipped Sakambharl. Where did Sakambharl fly away, when the emissaries of Yama beat you severely.

130. With concentrated devotion you worshipped Brahma and wearing a piece of cloth received in gift when you had the facility of a settled life at home. When after death the emmissaries of Yama beat you with axes of sharp edge where did that Kulaladeva of bright teeth and shining eyes fly away leaving you, a true devotee, in wretched plight. Kulaladeva cannot be traced by any.

131. On the fifth day of each fortnight you worshipped the earthen idol of Sesa with devotion. You wandered when you had the facility of a settled life at home. When after death, the emmissaries of Yama tied you with a serpent noose, then where did Nagaraja run away leaving you, the best of his devotees, all alone. Tell me, that.

132-33. You worshipped Vinayaka with the tiny shoots of Durva grass or with the fivefold variety of dishes. But when after death you were beaten up with the heated rods of iron by the emissaries of Yama, where did lord Vinayaka fly away leaving his single tusk behind. Tell me, O lord. 134. You worshipped Vistadevi (the goddess of faeces)

with devotion on the occasion of marriage. You wandered when you had the facility of a settled life at home. When after death the emissaries of Yama tied you with a noose and beat you on the way to Yama’s region where did the goddess of faeces fly away leaving you, a sincere devotee, all alone.

135. At the wedding ceremony you went to a washerman’s house, begged for the auspicious thread which you put on the earthen jar and worshipped.

136. When after death the emissaries of Yama put the holy thread in your very mouth and beat you up, then where did the goddess Stambha-sutra run away. Tell me, O lord.

137. At the wedding ceremony you worshipped Goddess Caula who fulfils the wishes of his devotees. You carried her in the winnowing basket to the bank of a river and propitiated her together with the devotees. You wandered when you had the facility of a settled life at home.

138. When after death the emissaries of Yama tied you with the noose and beat you on the way to Yama, where did goddess Caula fly away. O stupid one, take shelter at the feet of lord Visnu.

139. When your son was suffering from fever you worshipped Brahmadeva at home with incense, earthern lamps, flowers and tasty dishes. You accepted Brahmadeva as your family deity.

140. And when after death the emissaries of Yama tied you with a noose and beat you with the cane, where did Brahmadeva run away. O silly one, take shelter at the feet of lord Visnu.

141. You worshipped Brhati for obtaining offspring and kept the fruit of Brhati hanging aroundyour neck. You wandered when you had the facility of a settled life at home.

142. When after death, the emissaries of Yama tied you with the noose and pricked you with the thorns of Brhati, O ignorant one, then where did Brhati run away. Tell me that.

143. O ignorant one, take shelter at the feet of supreme lord Narayana, one who takes you across all sufferings. Do not worship the minor deities and do not hear their wasteful tales.

144. Put all minor deities together in a tiny basket and throw them off at a distant place. Put aside those customs of your family that are likely to occasion your fall into terrible hells.

145. O ignorant one, purge your soul by reciting the eight mantras (of purification) at this holy sight. Cast off all emblems of stupidity that have entered your heart and adorn your self with the emblems of lord Visnu.

146. You are ignorant from the very beginning (and have remained as such to this very day). Listen to the tale of Visnu. You have wasted your life being led by vicious ideas.

You should know that the association with the pious devotees of lord Visnu is difficult to achieve. Rarer is the knowledge of Reality — straight and simple.

147. Think ofVisnu as your preceptor and the support of your existence. O ignorant one, throw off your wicked ideas.

Resort to me, for I generate noble ideas in you.

148. “Having obtained me as your noble preceptor, evolvefeelings of detachment from your kith and kin. Know that knowledge of Reality leads to liberation. The grace of Visnu and her consort Laksmi can alone take you across the ocean of life. ”

149. With this thought in mind I addressed the best of my devotees thus. Hence I got the designation Pravaha, O lord of birds. Now hear what is relevant to the context.

CHAPTER TWENTYNINE.

On unfolding the mystery and secret of Reality.

1. O best and noblest of birds, I shall now tell you the narrative as sequel to Pravaha, hear attentively. At the beginning of creation Dharma was born of the body of Brahma.

2. He came to be known as Dharma because he sustained the noble by gentle treatment. He became the son of the solar deity and attained the designation of Yama. 1

Since he admonished the sinners the learned call him Yama.

Lord Krpia said:

3-4. After Prahlada came Ganga who became the wife of Varuna. She was inferior to Prahlada. She was superior to Varuna in glory, though in form she was inferior to him.

1. As a god, Yama is assigned the duty of ruling over the Dead. He is called the father of the Dead. He admonishes the sinners and appreciates the virtuous. Since he administers Justice according to traditional law he is known as Dharmaraja.

When the life span of a living being is at an end, he sends his agents who bring the departed souls to the city of Yama. From there he sends the holysouls to heaven and the sinful souls to hell.

To Visnu who bestows supreme knowledge on men Yama is friendly.

5. Ganga 1 is so called because she purifies the world by her waters. The devotees call her Visnupadi out of devotion for her.

6. Formerly, she forced her way out of the nails of the left feet of Visnu whose symbol is sacrifice. In the beginning she broke through the upper part of the cosmic egg.

7. She rushed into the belly of the lord the destroyer of the sins of the people and purified herself by contact with the filament of his lotus-feet. She destroys impurities by her very sight, touch, bath and creates devotion for the feet of Visnu.

She is as white in complexion as the rays of the moon. Her eyes resemble those of the fish. She is worthy of worship. Whosoever remembers her as rising from the feet of Hari attains liberation.

8. Indra too, who drank in the heap of breath pressed, with hands, by the wind-god was not able to bear her upon his head.

Knowing that Ganga had emerged from the feet of lord Hari, Siva, the chief among the devotees of Visnu moved by devotion at heart, took her up with reverence upon his head which though inauspicious became auspicious by her touch.

9. O lord of birds, Ganga had four forms. As the wife of chief physician Janendra she was called Abhisecani.

10. In her second form she became the wife of Santanu.

As the wife of Susena, a monkey-chief, she was called Susena.

11. Being the wife ofMani^uka she was called Manqlukinl.

12. Parjanya was born to Ganga from Aditya. He is called Parjanya (a cloud) since the rains (release of water) are symbols of detachment.

13. The word parjanya is derivable from Paricajanya meaning a conch by omitting the word panca and retaining Janya. It is symbolical of the idea that one should expel the six aberrations Kama, Krodha etc. from his interior and meditate upon atman with detachment not impaired by affection or hatred.

1. This information on the holy river of North India is peculiar to this Purana. The spirited enthusiasm displayed in the description and the narrative of this river indicates that the writer of this section might have lived on its bank.

14. One should never nourish his own sexual organ but should ever devote oneself to the phallic emblem of Siva. One should not attach oneself to the vagina of a woman. If he gives up his thought on vagina he becomes detached and attains liberation.

15. Parjanyais always detached. O best of birds, Parjanya is, therefore, Yama. In this way sage Sarabha too is called antaka. He too is Yama.

16. O lord of birds, Sarabha is one on whose body the hair glisten brightly. Sarabha is a cloud. The wife of Yama is Syamala. She is also the wife of Kali.

17-18. She who with an awareness makes up her mind is called Syamala.

I shall now tell you about obstacles to one’s devotion for Visnu. One should keep them aside, throw them away just as one puts excretion in an iron vessel and throws it away or just as one throws off cloth burnt by fire or abandons battle which has no aim or the treatment of a physician which occasions pain to the patient.

19. The devotees of Hari should dissociate from those who are devoid of devotion for Visnu and as such are considered. to be inferior in society. He should avoid their company.

20-21. The following are not dear to the bow-wielding lord Krsna but they are deer to the mistress of Kali, those who are averse to the reciters of the Puranas, a delapidated pond, a worne-out garment, an old girdle, an old blanket, an old sacred thread, a house of which, the inmates are always engaged in quarrel, or a house which contains a woollen canopy or a house which is full of woods and grass and is therefore shabby in appearance. All these are not dear to the bow-wielding lord but they are dear to the consort of Kali.

Grains of corn — Yavanala cooked in a vessel of bell-metal, husks of corn, oil-cake, gourd, wood-apple, a great quantity of butter-milk devoid of taste, pungent and hot — all these are dear to the consort of Kali.

22-23. Bad face, censure of the noble, disrespect for the good, torture of children, stealing of rice, cloth, etc at the house of one’s husband, or wearing loose hair on the head or addiction to gambling and quarrels — all this is endearing to the consort of Kali.

24-25. Since she avoided all these, she was called Syamala. She became the consort of Vasudeva known as Devakl. The consort of the moon was called Rohini who was superior to Asvini and others.

26. Holding rope in her hand, she could ascend a place, she was called Rohini. Samjna was the consort of Aditya. She was of the very nature of Narayana.

27. Because she knowing made up her mind she was called Samjna, the consort of the solar deity. Virat is the presiding deity of the universe, therefore, he is called Virat.

28. Thesix rivers Ganga, etc., are equal in merit to one another, each one of the group being neither superior nor inferior to the other. They purify the principal Agni. The river Ganga is always auspicious.

29. Even by the knowledge of the sanctity of these purifying streams a devotee attains merit. Lord Kesava is extremely pleased thereby. Svaha, the consort of Agni is inferior to Ganga but superior to Samjna.

30. Svaha is identical with Svahakara, the presiding deity of the mantras.

31. Budha, the son of the lunar deity was more intelligent than Svaha, the consort of Agni. He became the presiding deity of the Vedas. Since he established Kingdom with great intelligence he was called Budha.

The noble Abhimanyu was born of Arjuna and Subhadra.

He contains the amsas of Krsna, moon, Yama, Asvins and Hara.

32. Budha, the son of the moon is inferior to Svaha.

He is devoted to the lotus feet of Visnu.

33. Nama, the wife of Asvins, is also called Usa. She is inferior to Budha and to Svaha (the wife of Agni) by ten per cent virtues.

34. The wife of Nakula was the daughter of the king of Magadha and the wife of Sahadeva was the daughter of Salya — the two together with Usa, the wife of Asvins wait upon Visnu possessed of sixfold virtue. O lord of birds, hence, also she is called Usa. O noble bird, now I shall tell you about those which come after.

35. A spiritual power ( energy) in the form of earth moves slowly but ceaselessly. That power is called Sanaiscara.

It is inferior to Usa by ten per cent virtues.

36. Puskala or Puskara 1 of the form of activity is the twin brother of Sani. He presides over law and order. He is comparatively gentle and inferior to Sanaiscara by ten per cent virtues.

37. Since he delights Visnu by his devotion and sports in the Puskara lake 1 he is known as Puskala among the people.

38. O lord of birds, now I shall tell you about those activities which are delightful to the lord. A person should rise early in the morning and remember lord Hari Narayana.

39. He should bow to Tulasi and remember Visnu and his consort Laksmi. At the call of nature, while evacuating bowels he should remember Kesava of the form of apana.

40. At the time of purification he should remember Trivikrama, sipping waters of the Ganges. At the time of cleansing the teeth, he should remember Hari pervading the moon.

41. At the washing of the mouth he should remember Madhava. At the itching of cows he should remember Govardhana.

42. At the milking of cows, or when the fruits of meritorious actions accomplished in the several previous births are ripened or at the touch of cows he should remember Gopalavallabha (the beloved of cowherds — lord Sri Krsna. )

1. Pufkara or Pufkala — a holy place of pilgrimage in Ajmer. The present text refers to Puskara lake which was sacred to Brahma who performed penance here. The Garuda Purina refers to Puskala, the twin-brother of Sanaiscara who abides in the pool and propitiates Visnu by his wondrous sports.

43-44. In the house where there is no cow or the holy Basil plant in the courtyard where the inmates do not celebrate any festival for the Gods, where there is no recitation of the narrative of Visnu, one should never stay even for a moment, for association with the inmates of that house will lead to misery.

45. He who does not keep a cow at home, is unaware of the art of milking it or is averse to nourishing it, passes his life in vain.

46. He who does not give mouthful of food to the cow or does not tend it properly, can never pass a good, comfortable life. He is like an outcaste in the village.

47. When the calf is sucking the breast he should remember the boy Krsna; when the milk is being churned he should remember Hari sucking.

48. When he bathes in waters mixed with the particles of earth from the sacred places of pilgrimage he should also remember Hari. When he puts sect marks on the forehead he should remember the twelve names of lord Visnu beginning with Kesava.

49. In practising certain positions ( mudras ) of his fingers he should remember lord Visnu adorned with conch, disc, mace, lotus, meteor, etc.

50. In the evening when he performs Sandhya he should remember Rama. While performing a Sraddha he should remember Acyuta, Ananta and Govinda.

51. In the performance of five sacrifices Prana, etc., he should remember Aniruddha. When he offers oblations to the fire he should remember Vasudeva.

52. When he goes on fast he should remember Hari pervading Vayu. When he wears dress he should remember Upendra.

53. When he puls on new sacred thread he should remember Vamana Narayana. When he waves lights before an idol he should remember Parasurama.

54. When he goes on fast or at the time of Vaisvadeva or other sacrifices or at the time of besmearing body with the holy ashes he should remember Narayana, Parasurama and Jamadagnya.

55. When he thrice utters the name of sacred places of pilgrimage he should remember Krsna, Rama and Vyasa respectively. When he pours water out of the conch he should remember Mukunda.

56. When he offers undiluted food to Govinda, at each mouthful of food he should remember Govinda. When he partakes of food, at each core of the eatable he should remember Acyuta concentratedly.

57. Whan he partakes of Vegetables he should remember Dhanvantari. When he eats food offered by another he should remember Panduranga.

58. When he eats butter he should remember the dancing Krsna. When he eats curd he should remember the premeval lord.

59. When he drinks milk he should remember Gopala Krsna, lord Srinivasa, Visnu. When he eats food fried in the oil or ghee he should remember Vyahkatesa.

60. When he partakes of grapes, pomegranates, banana, mango, orange, cocoanut or other fruits he should remember Balakrsna. When he drinks a good drink he should remember Nrsimha.

61. When he drinks the ambrosial waters of the Ganges he should remember Visnu, the source of Ganga.

62. When he is on the verge of death he should remember the attributeless and the omnipresent Narayana and his Vehicle Garuda. When he kisses his son and other boys he should remember Krsna holding Venu in his hands.

63. When indulging in intercourse with his consort he should remember Visnu playing with the Gopls’ pair of breasts.

64. When he is going to sleep he should remember Hari as the incarnation of Vyasa.

65. When he sings devotional songs he should remember Hari playing upon Venu. He should always utter the name Hari.

66. When he plucks the leaves of Tulasi he should utter ‘Rama, Rama’. When he cuts off a leaf he should remember Kapila, an incarnation of Hari. When he circumambulates Hari pervading Garu^a he should remember Hari with concentration.

67. When he bows to Visnu, the lord of lords, he should remember Visnu pervading Sesa. When he is in council with his ministers he should remember Narasimha Narayana.

68-69. When an undertaking is accomplished he should remember lord Vasudeva Hari. When he has accomplished activities as are endearing to lord Puskara, he secures the affection of Hari.

70. Therefore, O lord of birds, he who hears with faith this incomparable narrative of Puskara, in all its details, is attracted to Dharma which creates devotion for the lord.

GLOSSARY Abhaya-Mudra — a gesture of hand promising protection.

AbhutaSamplava — till the final deluge ( mahapralaya. ) when the universe is dissolved.

Adhana (garbhadhana) — conception-laying ceremony.

Aghamarsana — a prayer (RV. X. 190) repeated by Brahmanas for destroying sins.

Aghara — sprinkling clarified butter upon the fire- at certain sacrifices.

Ahimsa — non-violence as the virtue of refraining from inflicting injury upon living beings by action, though and speech.

Ahitagni — a person regularly maintaining sacred fires.

Alarka — A king of KasI and Karusa States. A pious and religious man, he practised yoga and thereby brought his senses under control.

Amarakantaka or Amrakuta — a part of the Mekala hills, near Nagpur.

Amrta-srava — that which pours out nectar.

Amrta-yoga-s — certain conjunctions of stars which destroy evil and bring prosperity.

Anga-nyasa — touching limbs of the body with the hand accompanied by appropriate mantras.

AntyestI — funeral rite.

Astaka — The eighth day of three months on which the manes are to be propitiated.

Astakas — 7th, 8th, 9th days of Pausa, Magha and Phalguna.

Astaksari puja — worship of the lord with the eight-syllabled mantra. Sri JCrstiah Saranam mama or S rivyankateSaya namah or Om namo Vasudevaya.

Asthi-sancayana, collection ofbones, usually done on the fourth day after cremation.

Ativaha — (1 ) the deceased person whose body is being carried to the cremation ground (2) the son of the creator Brahma, also named Pravaha.

Aurdhvadehika — funeral rites.

Bhairava — a dreadful form of Siva.

Bhava — devotional attitude of mind.

Bhuta-tattva — the subtle constituents of the body known as tanmalras which function as the activitizing forces for the gross body.

Blja-mantra — a mystic syllable like hrim, hrum, etc. which comprises the essence of a full mantra.

Brahmasutra — Sacred thread worne by the student before he is initiated to the Vedic study.

Cakradhara — Sri Krsna, the wielder of the discus-shaped weapon named Sudarsana. The God of Fire had given this discus weapon to Sri Krsna and Gandiva to Arjuna. This Cakra was in existence even before the incarnation of Sri Krsna. Visvakarma had made it for Maha-Visnu who used to destroy the Asuras by this weapon.

Camunda — According to Markandeya Purana a form of Goddess Durga was so called for slaying the demons — Canda and Munda.

Caturvarga— the four ends ofhuman life — Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksa taken collectively, also known as purusartha.

Caturvyuha — worship of Visnu in four-fold forms of Vasudeva Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha.

Cutjamani — a process for discriminating between good and bad omens.

Daha-bali — an offering of pirnja to the deceased at the time of cremation.

Darbha-puttalaka — an effigy made of holy grass.

Dasa — duration of the period of special influence ofa planet.

Dasavatara — ten incarnations of Maha-Visnu, viz., fish, tortoise, boar. Man-lion. Dwarf, Parasurama, Rama, Krsna, Buddha and Kalki.

Dattatreya or Datta — He was the preceptor of King Karttaviryaxjuna known as Sahasrabahu. He was born of Anasuya, the wife of sage Atri. He is considered to be the incarnation of Mahavisnu. He is famous for his knowledge of yoga and practice of penance.

Dehantarapravesa — the soul entering another body.

Deluge — destruction of the universe at the end of a Kalpa.

Dharma — a personification of Religion, Righteousness or Virtue.

This is also a name of Yama, the god of death.

Dharmapaya, a break in carrying out a religious act.

Dlpastambha — a pillar-like row of light.

Dvadasatman — Twelve forms of Visnu to be worshipped in each month of the year, viz. Kesava, Narayana, Madhava, Vasudeva, Trivikrama, Vamana, Sridhara, Pradyumna, Hrslkesa, Padmanabha, Damodara and Aniruddha.

Ekantin — a devotee who is single-minded in Lord’s devotion.

Ekoddista— a rite performed for one definite individual deceased not including other ancestors.

Fires: Garhapatya, Daksina, Ahavaniya represented by Brahma, Rudra and Visnu.

Gayatrl — a verse composed in the Vedic metre called Gayatri which is of 24 syllables, usually a triplet of 8 syllables each.

Ghatasphota — breaking of an earthen jar. This rite is performed by relatives on the half-way when the corpse is being taken to the cemetery.

Gokarna — south of Goa, in the North Kanara District: It is a famous place of pilgrimage — having the temple of Mahabalesvara, said to have been established by Ravana.

Gotra — famiiy or clan.

Govinda — Lord Visnu lit., He who can be known through the Vedas.

Guna-samya— equilibrium of three gunas — sattva, rajas and tamas.

Guna-vaisamya, disequilibrium of three gunas.

Hayagriva — An epithet of Visnu who lost his head by the curse of Brahma and got the head of a horse fixed to his trunk which was replaced by his former head through the blessings of lord Siva.

Hiranyagarbha — the individual soul which is ascertainable only by its action:

Icchasakti — the power of fulfilling a desire.

Indra — lord of gods in heaven. But this lordship is temporary.

Names of seven Indras are known to this Purana. They are: Indradyumna, Purendra, Gadhi, Bali, Arjuna, Vikuksi and Kusa.

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