THE GARUDA PURANA 64 страница

29. Thereafter, Varuna, twice inferior to Vayu and junior to the Sun, began to praise the lord, O lord of birds.

Varuna said:

30. “O lord, this abode in the form of my body is built by your choice. So are the son, wife, riches and other objects.

The stupid, possessing very little knowledge of reality are attached to worldly affairs. They are drowned in the ocean of suffering.

31. O lord, undo this wrong notion of mine and favour me with the chance to serve at your feet. I am inferior to Manu by sixteen arhsas, O slayer of Mura. 1

32. Having praised thus, Varuna stood attentive with palms joined in reverence. Thereafter, Narada, who was junior to Varuna began to praise the lord.

Narada said:

33. “O lord, there is nothing more pleasing than hearing or uttering the praise of the lord. O lord, you purify those who utter your name, together with their ancestors and successors.

34. He is not a brahmana but an ass who does not utter the name Hari. O lord, I do not know your actual form.

I am always inferior to Varuna. ”

35. Having praised the lord thus, O lord of birds, Narada stood silent before Hari. Thereafter, Bhrgu 2 who was junior to Narada began to praise the lord.

1. The slayer of Mura — See Fn. 34 on p. 5.

2. Bhrgu — a sage, the son of Brahma, was the founder of Bhrgu Vamsa. Members of the Bhrguvams'a are Called Bhargavas. Bhrgu Vamsa has been reputed, for many of its members were Rsis of great sanctity and grandeur.

For the Mythological origin of this family note the following.

Bhrgu said:

36. O lord, what better Vehicle you need when you have Garuda as such. When you have Kaustubha gem for your ornament, what more ornament you need. What more riches do you need from a devotee when you have LaksmI ( the goddess of wealth ) as your wife. O lord of speech, what more praise can I render unto you. I do not know your good qualities. O lord I am always inferior to Varuna by full one quarter of merits. ”

37. Thus having praised Hari, Bhrgu stood in silence.

Thereafter, Agni who was inferior to Bhrgu in age began to praise the lord, the Supreme primeval Purusa.

Agni said:

38. “O lord, spirited by your energy, I carry oblations sprinkled over with ghee at the altar of sacrifice.

39. Supported by your energy, I enter the belly of a person and cook the food therein. I derive my energy from yours, O lord. I am equal to Bhrgu in every respect. ” Prasuti said:

40-42. “Even the Sages are perplexed in understanding the meaning of your name. The deities and their consorts are always engaged in your praise. So are Mandhatar, Dhruva, Narada, Bhrgu, Vaivasvata and the rest. I offer salutation to you, O lord, out of my devotion. Homage to you, O lord, who look after our well being. Hence, I do not know your benign aspect. I do not possess ability to offer praise. ” O lord of birds, having offered praise Prasuti remained silent.

43. Agni, sage Bhrgu son of Brahma and the embodiment of speech and his wife Prasuti — the three are equal in status.

44. The three are inferior to Varuna by one quarter, to Pravaha by half, to Daksa by one hundred, superior to Mitra by twice that number.

45. Thereafter, Vasistha son of Brahma junior to Prasuti began to offer praise.

Vasistha said:

46. “Homage to Brahma, the self-born deity, one who abhors relations with the wicked sinners O lord, I bow to your lotus-feet.

47. O lord, son of Vasudeva, protect me ever. I am always inferior to Agni. I am always inferior to Mitra in certain aspects. ”

Having praised the lord thus, Vasistha stood silent before the lord.

48. Thereafter, Marlci, son of Brahma, junior to Vasistha praised Hari with great devotion.

Marici said:

49. “My intellect is weakened. I have developed attachment to worldly affairs. I walk in wrong direction. My senses are quite perverted. I hanker after scanty pleasures. I turn my mind to objects that are far off from you. I stoop to wicked acts, O lord.

50. O lord, characterized by such points, I am equal to Vasistha. ”

51. Having praised the lord thus, Marici became silent, O bird. Atri, who was junior to him, praised Hari with hands joined in reverence.

52. “O lord, You have manifested yourself for creating, protecting and destroying the universe. Your form is truth itself eternal and unchanging. It is the essence of joy and unmodifiable.

53. Your real nature is devoid of Sattva, rajas and tamas.

It is apportioned in all objects wherein your existence remains unmanifest. Therefore, O lord, destroyer of Mura, I, like Marici am unable to praise your virtues. ”

54. Having praised thus, O bird, Atri stood silent. Thereafter Angiras 1 began to praise the lord.

1. Angiras — a celebrated sage to whom many hymns of the Rgveda are ascribed.

Angiras said:

55. “O lord, I do not see your body possessed of many arms, bellies and foreheads, adorned with thousands of diadems and other precious jewels. I am unable to praise your eternal form though I am equal to Atri in all aspects. ”

56. O lord of birds, having spoken thus, Angiras stood silent before the lord. Pulastya 1 who was junior to him, began to praise the lord.

Pulastya said:

57. “Lord Hari manifests himself to his devotees and confers auspiciousness. Homage to you, O lord, that savest the sinner from the suffering of hell.

58. I am unable to praise your virtue, O lord. I am equal to Angiras in that aspect.

59. Having praised thus, Pulastya stood in silence before the lord. Thereafter, Pulaha who was junior to Pulastya in age began to praise the lord thus.

Pulaha said:

60. “O lord, you are devoid of form and desire. Still I offer you bath, cloth, water, fruits, flowers and foodstuff. O lord of Vaikuntha 2 this worship rendered unto you is altogether fruitless. Thus say the noble sages.

61. I, therefore, offer my worship unto you, O lord, with no desire for return but only with the intention to place myself at your service. O lord of Vaikuntha, I cannot praise you enough. I am equal to Pulastya in my capacity. There is no doubt in this. ”

62. O bird, having praised thus, Pulaha became silent.

Thereafter Kratu, who was junior to Pulaha began to praise the lord thus.

1. Pulastya — a celebrated sage is one of the mental sons of Brahma. He was born from the ear of Brahma, Mahabharata, Adi parva, Ch. 65.

2. Vaikuntha or Vaibhra — the dwelling place of Visnu described on the eastern peak of Mount Meru or on the Northern ocean.

Kratu said:

63. “Your names, at the time of death, O lord, destroy all suffering accruing from birth. Your names, when recited remove, all of a sudden, the pains of birth and confer release.

Of such, yourself, O lord, I place myself at disposal.

64. O lord Visnu, not to speak of those who meditate on you, even those who utter your name for devotion attain release. ’’

65. O lord of birds, having praised thus, Kratu stood silent. Thereafter Vaivasvata Manu 1 who was junior to him began to praise the lord.

Vaivasvata said:

66. “I am always engaged in worldly activities, in sensual enjoyment, occupied with the objects of senses, and averse to joys arising from your sight.

67. I am attached to this thievish body — a heap of flesh, bones, marrow and blood. When I maintain a preceptor, holy fire, sacred cow, etc. I cannot easily get away from worldly objects. O lord, remain merciful to me always.

68. I listen to the scandal of others. But I cannot sufficiently praise you, O lord. I walk over the path traversed by the common people but I do not follow the path of renunciation walked over by a few.

69. I spend on prostitutes and roguish people. But I do not spend on brahmins and saints, O destroyer of Mura. ”

70. Having praised the lord thus, Vaivasvata Manu became silent. Thereafter, Visvamitra 2 who was Junior to Vaivasvata Manu began to praise the lord.

1. Vaivasvata Manu, the seventh in the list, a leader among Devas.

The complete list of fourteen Manus comprises (1) Svayambhuva, (2)

Svarocisa, (3) Uttama, (4) Tamasa, (5) Raivata, (6) Caksusa (7) Vaivasvata, (8) Savarni, (9) Dharma, (10) Savarnika (11) Pisahga, (12) Apisarigabha, (13) Sabala and Varnaka.

2. Visvamitra, the contemporary of Vasisfha was Ksatriya by birth.

He acquired Brahmanhood by practising penance. He is mentioned in relation with King Trisanku in the Puranas, with Rama, son of Dasaratha in the Ramayana and with King Sudas in the Rgveda.

Visvamitra said:

71. “O lord, I have not meditated on your lotus-feet, nor performed sandhya nor adhered to Dharma that opens the gate of knowledge. I have not heard your narrative which could remove the impurity of my body. O lord, protect me, I am equal to Atri 1 in all respects.

72. Thus having praised the lord, the sage Visvamitra remained silent.

73. Excepting Bhrgu, Narada and Daksa, the seven sons of Brahma, Visvamitra and Vaivasvata Manu are equal to one another in this aspect.

74. Others are inferior to fire. Still others are more virtuous. O lord of birds, hear. I am going to tell you the praise of Hari by Mitra who was junior to Visvamitra in age.

CHAPTER EIGHT.

Praise of Lord Visnu by deities and sages 1. O lord of birds, Mitra who was junior to Visvamitra began to praise Narayana, the source of the universe.

Mitra said:

2. “I, who am ignorant of reality, bow to your lotus-feet for release from the meshes of worldly existence — the feet that stop the rotation of life and death and constitute an abode for the well-being of the world. Lord Vasudeva alone knows all this, not I, nor fire, nor Brahma nor Visnu nor Siva, O lords of sages.

3. Not to speak of others, even the chiefs among the devotees of Visnu do not know him. O lord, protect me ever from all others. I am inferior to Visvamitra, though I am twice superior to Parjanya. I cannot praise you enough, O lord.

1. Atri — one of the mental sons of Brahma.

4. Thus, having praised Hari, O lord, Mitra remained silent. Tara, who Was junior to Mitra began to praise the lord.

Tara said:

5-6. “There are people who are singularly devoted to you O lord. Having abandoned all activities together with their kith and kin they are engaged in hearing and reciting your narrative. O Visnu, these pious people are devoid of all attachments.

7. O lord, I who- am equal to Mitra, have fallen in their midst. ” O lord of birds, thereafter, Nirrti who was junior to Tara said.

Nirrti said:

8. “People attain supreme position by Yoga and devotion directed to your lordship by rendering service to those who are superior to me in virtue.

9. By knowledge accompanied by detachment O lord, and by the control of mind, the devotees reach the highest ladder. Hence, protect me, O lord, who am equal to Tara in position.

Thereafter, Pravahi who was junior to Nirrti began to praise the lord.

Pravahi said:

10. “Children are born of semen by intercourse. Prosperity accrues by your favour. Your narrative, O lord, that serves as the elixir of life, can take a devotee to the path of salvation.

11. O lord of lords, let my devotion remain ever at the service of your feet. I am equal to Nirrti in status. ” 1

12. Lord of the inter-spaces of quarters, Nirrti, Pravahi and the beloved of Pravaha — these four are Parjanyas, thrice superior in merit to others.

1. The second half of this verse is defective, and not translatable.

1 3. Now, I shall tell you, O lord of birds, of the people who are junior to them.

First of all, the noble Visvaksena who was junior to the mistress of Pravaha and was a member of the assembly of Lord Visnu began to praise the lord.

Visvaksena said:

14. “If all-joyous lord Krsna be the conferer of salvation, if there be full devotion as the self-evident means of attaining release.

15-16. If there be guileless devotion towards preceptor, holy hermits, Brahma and others, O lord, if there be attachment for Tulasi and other sacred plants, one attains release from the tangles of birth and death, there is no doubt in this. ”

17. O lord, having said thus, Visvaksena remained silent.

Thereafter, Garuda with hands joined in reverence and head bent low, said, “I am inferior to Mitra in status. There is no doubt in this. ”

CHAPTER NINE.

Nature of deities and the serial order of their position.

Garuda said:

1. O lord, of great wisdom, I shall like to know the nature of deities Ajana and others in the serial order of their position.

Lord Krsna said:

2-4. The deities Ajana and others are born in different families of gods. Thereafter come fifteen deities of action, viz, Viradha, Caru, Desna, Citraratha, Dhrtarastra, Kisora, Huhu, Haha, Vidyadhara, Ugrasena, Visvavasu, Paravasu, Citrasena, Gopala and Bala.

5. O lord of birds, such Gandharvas are hundred in number. They are equal in status to Ajanaja in the state of release and bondage.

6-7. Ajanaja deities who are hundred per cent inferior to Karmaja deities are ghrtaci, Menaka, Rambha, Urvasi, Tilottama, Suketu, Sabari, Manjughosa, Pirigala and other prominent Yaksas (Yaksanis).

8-15. Equal to Ajanaja and hundred percent inferior to Karmaja are Visvamitra, Vasistha, Narada, Cyavana and Utathya.

The noble sages equal to Ajaneya are Satarci, Kasyapa, Parasara the middle, Pavamanya, Pragatha, Ksudra-sukta,

Devala, Grtsamada, Asuri, Bharadvaja, Mudgala, Uddalaka Rsyasrnga, Sarikha, Satyavrata, Suyajna, Babhravya,

Mandukya, Baskala, Dharmacarya, Agastya, Dalbhya, Dardhya Acyuta Kavasa, Harlta, Kanva, Virupa, Musala, Visnuvrddha, Atreya, SrIvatsya, Vatsala, Bhargava, Apnavana Mandukeya, Mandukya, Javali, Vltihavya Grtsamada, Saunaka. The very names of these sages (who are his devotees) are pleasing to Hari.

16. 1 shall tell you, O Tarkhya, listen. I have sixteen thousand wives who have borne to me sixteen thousand sons who are equal to Ajanajas in merit.

17. Kaseru, the daughter ofTvastr is senior to these in merit. O lord oflords, now I shall tell you about those who are junior to these in age.

18. Pitrs are hundred per cent junior to seven Ajanajas.

Conversely, the Vedic scholars declare them to be hundred per cent senior to Ajanajas.

19. O best of birds, listen, I shall tell you about those who are junior to Pitrs in age.

Of the eight there sprang Deva-Gandharvas. They are less in number to the Pitrs by hundred and eight.

20. Thereafter were born Anandas who were hundred per cent superior to Gandharvas in virtue. They were principally the attendants of Devas, who received direct orders from them.

21. These are hundred per cent inferior to ganas. And hundred per cent inferior to Deva Gandharvas are the Ksitipas.

22. Hundred per cent superior to these are Uttama ganas among mankind. Having so far made incidental remarks, I shall now take up the matter in hand.

23. Thus the deities Brahma, LaksmI, etc., completed their praise and stood in silence with their palms joined in reverence.

24. Thus praised, Visnu, the eternal lord of gods, thought of granting shelter to his devotees.

25. This pious praise is pleasing to the lord. It is sacred as well as destroyer of sins. It is the means of imparting bliss of self-realization.

26. Those who do not read or hear this praise of the lord are hypocrites.

27. The wicked people who do not differentiate the lord from the deities and at the same time enjoy the pleasures of life eat nothing but faeces abounding in hundreds of worms.

CHAPTER TEN.

Creation Primary and Secondary.

Garuda said:

1. Thus praised by the gods, the lord of the Satvatas disappeared after granting them the favour of his shelter.

2. O lord Krsna, I wish to know what sort of shelter the overlord granted to his devotees. O compassionate lord, please tell me truly if your lordship thinks I am fit to hear.

Lord Krfna said:

3. The supreme lord Visnu entered the related tattoos which he set to motion with the desire to create the universe.

4. In the beginning the lord created the primordial egg constituted of gold and which was spread over fifty crores of yojanas around.

5. Above it, there is a minute particle of golden hue of the same dimension as the egg itself. Above that, there is the earth as wide as the fifty crore yojanas.

6. Thus the dimension of the egg extends over hundred crore yojanas. The egg is encompassed by seven enclosures all around.

7. The first enclosure consists of water extending over ten thousand crores of yojanas. The second enclosure consists of fire.

8-9. It is enclosed all round by waters. The third enclosure is called Hara. It is ten times more in dimension than the dimension of fire. The fourth enclosure consists of ether.

10. It is enclosed all round ten times more than ether.

The fifth enclosure consists of ahahkara (ego) ten times more than ether.

1 1. The sixth enclosure consists of mahat. 1 1 is enclosed all round ten times more than ether.

12. The seventh enclosure consists of three gunas — sattva, rajas and tamas.

13-16. It is enclosed all round ten times more than mahat. After mahat comes the enclosure tamas. It is enclosed all round, ten times more than mahat.

After mahat comes the enclosure tamas. It is five times more than mahat. Thereafter comes rajas which is two times more than tamas. Thereafter comes the enclosure sattva which is two times more than rajas. The three combined are called Ekavarana ‘a single enclosing’.

The prime germ of nature ‘ether’ comes thereafter. It is limitless. The eternal Visnu abides therein.

17. The river Viraja forms the eighth enclosure. It flows in between the spaces of ether. It spreads over five yojanas all round.

18. It is the most sacred river that wards of rebirth. O bird, those who bathe herein go to Brahmaloka where they rejoice with the four-faced Brahma. 1

19. Those who take bath in the Viraja 2 river abandon their subtle bodies and attain liberation.

20. Those alone who have realized the Self and abide in Brahman can cross the Viraja river.

21-23. O lord of birds! The sage Vyasa and others, though they have realized the Self cannot cross the Viraja river, since they have still to reap the fruits of their karman.

They live on this earth as far as Brahma lives till the seeds of their karman are destroyed root and branch. They can then cross the river Viraja, O lord.

1. Infra p. ioi I fn. i.

2. Viraja — a mythological river.

24. Others who have the seeds of their karman still fructifying cannot cross Viraja.

25. O lord of birds, the river Viraja does not disappear even at the time of dissolution.

26-27. The river Viraja is identical with LaksmI and it has the function of destroying the subtle bodies.

There are devas Rjus by name who are worthy of attaining Brahman.

28. They are many in number being at par with the jivas who attain liberation individually or along with the Rjus.

These are characterized by thirtytwo marks and are capable of attaining the position of Vayu.

29. Inferior to these are the yogins called Siva-Yogins who are characterized by twenty-eight marks. In between the compass come Suras who are characterized by sixteen to twentyfour marks.

3C-31. After Suras come Astakas. They are called sages.

Inferior to these are Cakravartins.

Within one hundred lives of god Brahma they can realize their Self and get their karman destroyed. O bird, within one hundred kalpas one becomes identical with Vayu.

32. Thereafter, having passed through hundred births, one becomes Brahma and thereafter one goes to the abode of Visnu.

33. O lord of birds, in the forty kalpas of Brahma after getting all karmans destroyed even Rudra can realize his Self.

34. O bird of good vows, after the expiry of forty-one kalpas one becomes Sesa and attains liberation becoming one with Brahman.

35. Even Indra can get his karman destroyed, realize Self and attain with Brahma the highest region of Hari.

Garuda said:

36-37. O lord, I have heard from Brahma that even Rudra can realize Brahman when his karman is destroyed after completing the eightyfive kalpas of Brahma, then how can you adjust your statement that even Rudra can attain Brahma after completing the forty kalpas of Brahma”. O lord, how can the contrary statements be reconciled?

38. On hearing the words of Garuda the lord spoke again.

The lord said:

39. There is no contrarity between two statements. The stupid alone will cherish doubt, the wise have no doubts at all.

40. O lord of birds, astakas are eighty, with the additional thirteen they come to ninetythree in the fortieth Brahma kalpa — the four-faced 1 Brahma has so declared.

41. Since Reality is to be kept strictly secret, Brahma said so in olden days. O bird, you should understand this problem in the right way.

42. O bird, those who misinterpret the term Pahcasiti Brahma-kalpa as the eightyfive kalpas of Brahma are totally ignorant. I have told you the truth.

43-44. After the Viraja river, O bird, comes the boundless ether presided over by Laksmi. The dimension of the ether cannot be measured by any count, O lord of birds.

45-46. The Virat Brahma was made the presiding deity of the universal egg. 2

Thus the everlasting, eternal Hari made special arrangements by appointing the presiding deities over the different principles. The lord Visnu stood encompassing all regions above and below.

1. Brahma is four-faced (Caturmukha). Originally he had five heads but one was cut off by Siva for telling a lie.

According to another version, the fifth head was burnt off by the fire of Siva’s eye for speaking disrespectfully of Siva. YVe read in the Satarudrasamhita that it was Kalabhairava a terrible form of Siva who cut off the fifth head. Visnu Purana ( ch. 8), however, gives a different version. It states that Bhairava attempted to cut off the fifth head of Brahma at the instance of Siva but gave up the attempt when Siva intervened at the behest of Visnu.

2. Brahmanda — the egg of Brahman, the primordial egg from which the universe sprang.

47. O lord of birds, the above account refers to the primary creation. Now, I shall tell you about the secondary creation.

Garuda said:

48. O lord, you have already spoken on creation and I have heard of the same very attentively.

49. O lord, now tell me in detail, what is the primary and what is the secondary creation. I am curious to hear about the same from you.

' The lord said:

50. From the unmanifest Prakrti to the gross elements the evolutes of Prakrti are primary. 1 The knowledge of the same leads one to liberation.

51. O lord of birds, the universe evolved out of the Cosmic Egg is secondary creation.

52-53. Creation, dissolution, recreation and release, deities, major sages and regions Bhu, Bhuvah, Svar are eternal and unchangeable. The existence of the universe is actual and not a fiction.

54. Those who speak otherwise are the slayers of truth.

The course of the universe is true, O lord, the service of the lord is also true.

55. Raising up my arm I declare that no scripture is superior to the Vedas and no deity is superior to Kesava.

56. Those who worship other deities, may they be pitrs or preceptors, at the cost of lord Visnu go to the darkest regions.

57. O lord of birds, now hear about the secondary creation. He who understands the same, attains the highest region.

1. (1) Mahat: (creation of the great principle: intellect), (2)

Tanmatra: (creation of subtle elements). (3) Bhuta: (creation of gross elements) — this set of threefold creation is primary and originates from avidy a — ignorance ).

CHAPTER ELEVEN.

Lord Kffrja said:

1. Lord Visnu, the primeval Being, slept in the Cosmic •waters for full one thousand years.

2. LaksmI served as a couch of water, O bird, and Vidya as the air propelling water into waves.

3. The same Goddess pervaded the embryonic waters in the form of darkness (tamas). In the embryonic waters there was nothing else.

4-5. O best of birds, LaksmI praised Hari in the embryonic waters.

Prakrti assumed the forms of LaksmI and Prthivl. She slept with Hari and praised the lord in the Cosmic waters with the mantras: O god Narayana, I offer my homage to you.

Please attend to my entreaties.

6. O blessed one, please remove my illusion. Confer liberation to the worthy. The primordial Prakrti is twofold:

Para and Apara.

7. Inferior to Prakrti is Brahman!. The fair-faced Uma is inferior toBrahmani. SacI, the consort of Indra, is inferior to her. The three are inferior to Prakrti, the primordial nature.

8. O Hari, we do not beg of you for the removal of the three. In every man there exist two Prakrtis.

9-10. One is eternal and unborn, the other is wrapped up by Tamas. The two are popularly known as Ajas, the elder and Aja the younger. One awards pleasure and pain, the other awards only pain.

1 1. Those worthy of liberation are blessed to share knowledge and supremacy. Prakrti that wards off knowledge and supremacy is named dark-complexioned.

12. The apara Prakrti is Paramacchadilka since it covers the Self from the vision of the Supreme Self.

13. Such a wretched tamasic Prakrti abides in human beings, O bird, she does not abide in Brahman.

14. She assumes the role of a Pisacika for the individual struggling for release. I am the propeller of the two (Para and Apara. )

15. O lord Visnu O blissful one, that which envelops the gunas is the most beneficial.

16. O sovereign lord, O supreme god, you confer liberation to your devotees after deserting the wicked Prakrti that envelops the universe all round. She envelops all of us who are ever transmigrating.

17. Since she is eternal, her removal becomes a necessity.

O auspicious lord, accept my entreaties, drive her away from me.

18. Lord Hari, though always wakeful, plays the role of one who has just wakened from sleep. It is just to test the ignorant.

19. Out of his navel there grew up a golden lotus which became the substratum of the world. The lotus was constituted of matter, of which the earth was the presiding deity.

20. It was as illuminating as the eternal solar deity.

Visnu whose nature is consciousness and bliss was surely distinct from it.

21. Those who think that Visnu is identical with Prakrti go to inferior regions, as also those who are associated with these.

22-23. O lord of birds, the phenomenon can be explained by the analogy of a diadem.

Diadems are twofold: identical and non-identical. As a matter of illustration they are assumed to be identical. In fact, they are not identical, O lord of birds.

24. He created the universe, divided into several regions and inhabited the people therein. During the period of dissolution the lord alone exists taking rest which the learned declare to be a sort of sleep.

25. O lord of birds, with the dissolution of the Universe the lord is not effected. Brahma and Vayu do not perish ever.

26. Knowledge of the Supreme lord is circumscribed by condition as the water for w 'ashing the feet. When the organs of senses stop to work it is called ‘sleep’.

27. O lord of birds, Brahma and Vayu are eternal. How can it be said that they are not dissolved at dissolution?

28. O lord of birds, Brahma and Vayu are not the real entities. The sub-conscious state Supti is similar to another subconscious state named dream ( svapna ).

29. This state is metaphorically applied to Brahma.

Hence, O lord of birds, the existence of Brahma, and Vayu should not be taken for granted. Those who realize this fact are for ever blessed with wealth as the merit of penance.

Garuda said:

30. The notion of Supti is caused by ignorance. Supti is not actual.

31-32. O lord, if there is a cause, there can be effect.

There can be no effect without a cause. It you base your arguments on this statement, then O blessed one, there being no cause how could Brahma suffer from fear.

Or assuming that Brahma suffers from fear, can we lose anything from this assumption.

33. Thus addressed, the lord said in reply.

Fear is caused by ignorance. Thus the causal theory becomes applicable in regard to Brahma.

34-35. If we do not admit ignorance to be the cause of fear or pleasure then how could there ever be a feeling of fear or pleasure.

Hence, whatever feeling of fear or pleasure inspires the devotee is caused by ignorance.

36. If fear or pleasure are caused by ignorance, then there should be no actual fear or pleasure, both being the results of ignorance O lord, then how is it that the seeker of the truth is extremely devoted to the lord?

37. On hearing the words of Garuda, lord Krsna said in reply. O wise one, the fear is assumed, it is not actual.

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