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English and Russian Consonants 1

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English and Russian Consonants 1

According to the degree of noise

Noise consonants

Sonorants

According to the manner of articulation

Occlusive plosives

Constrictive

Occlusive constrictive

Occlusive

Constrictive

Rolled

According to the work of the vocal cords

Voiced

Voiceless

Voiced

Voiceless

Voiced

Voiceless

According to the force of articulation

weak (lenis)

strong (fortis)

weak (lenis)

strong (fortis)

weak (lenis)

strong (fortis)

According to the place of articulation

Labial

bilabial

labio-dental

Lingual

forelingual

inter-dental

apical

dental

apical

dorsal

alveolar

apical

post-alveolar

cacuminal

palato-alveolar

apical

dorsal

medio-lingual

palatal

back-lingual

velar

Glottal

According to the position of the soft palate

Oral

Nasal

Oral

English and Russian Consonants 2

The number of foci	Unicentral		Bicentral
Occlusive consonants
The shape of the narrowing	Flat	Round	Flat	Round
Constrictive consonants
Occlusive-Constrictive consonants

English Vowels 1

The part of the tongue raised		Front	Front-retracted	Central	Back-advanced	Back
The height of the tongue		Front	Front-retracted	Central	Back-advanced	Back
High (Close)	Narrow variant
High (Close)	Broad variant
Mid (Half-close)	Narrow variant
Mid (Half-close)	Broad variant
Low (Open)	Narrow variant
Low (Open)	Broad variant

English Vowels 2

Monophthongs	historically short and lax							historically long and tense
	free	checked when stressed						free
	unrounded					rounded		unrounded			rounded

Diphthongoids	historically long and tense
	free
	unrounded							rounded

Diphthongs	historically long and tense
	free
	/ɪ /-glide			/ə /-glide				/ʊ /-glide

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