dɪˈmɒrəlaɪzɪŋ 8 страница

Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
smoothly	adv	ˈ smuː ð li	if a planned event, piece of work etc goes smoothly, there are no problems to spoil it	I hope things go smoothly for you in your new job.
ensure	v	ɪ nˈ ʃ ʊ ə	to make certain that something will happen properly	facilities to ensure the safety of cyclists
bow	v	baʊ	to bend the top part of your body forward in order to show respect for someone important, or as a way of thanking an audience	She bowed and left the stage.
unconventional	adj	ˌ ʌ nkə nˈ venʃ ə nə l	very different from the way people usually behave, think, dress etc	unconventional political views
ashes	n	ˈ æ ʃ ɪ z	the soft grey powder that remains after something has been burned	Be careful - those ashes could still be hot.
encased	adj	ɪ nˈ keɪ st	covered or surrounded completely	Her certificate is encased in glass and a frame, hung on the wall.
out of the question	phr	aʊ t ə v ð ə ˈ kwestʃ ə n	if something is out of the question, it is definitely not possible or not allowed	It's out of the question - I refuse to pay you that much.
precious	adj	ˈ preʃ ə s	something that is precious is valuable and important and should not be wasted or used without care	We cannot afford to waste precious time.
irritate	v	ˈ ɪ rə teɪ t, ˈ ɪ rɪ teɪ t	to make someone feel annoyed or impatient, especially by doing something many times or for a long period of time	It really irritates me when he doesn’t help around the house.
surly	adj	ˈ sɜ ː li	bad-tempered and unfriendly	a surly teenager
growth	n	ɡ rə ʊ θ	an increase in amount, number, or size	We’ve seen an enormous growth in the number of businesses using the Web.
accepted wisdom	n phr	ə kˈ septə d ˈ wɪ zdə m	a belief or opinion that most people have	The accepted wisdom is that young children need a nap in the afternoon.
lobe	n	lə ʊ b	a round part of an organ in your body, especially in your brain or lungs	The frontal lobes of the brain help us make decisions.
impulse	n	ˈ ɪ mpʌ ls	a sudden strong desire to do something without thinking about whether it is a sensible thing to do	a sudden impulse to laugh
nerve cell	n phr	nɜ ː v sel	a neuron	Nerve cells pass important messages to the brain.
coat with	v	kə ʊ t wɪ ð	to cover something with a thin layer of something else	The walls are coated with a red paint.
fatty	adj	ˈ fæ ti	containing a lot of fat	fatty foods

Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
substance	n	ˈ sʌ bstə ns	a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas	The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance.
unacceptable	adj	ˌ ʌ nə kˈ septə bə l	something that is unacceptable is so wrong or bad that you think it should not be allowed	I found her attitude totally unacceptable.
bring someone up	phr v	brɪ ŋ ˈ sʌ mwʌ n ʌ p	to look after and influence a child until he or she is grown up	I was brought up my aunt and uncle.
apprenticeship	n	ə ˈ prentə sʃ ɪ p, ə ˈ prentɪ sʃ ɪ p	the job of being an apprentice, or the period of time in which you are an apprentice	He’s serving an apprenticeship as a printer.
hang out with	phr v	hæ ŋ aʊ t wɪ ð	to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people	I don't really hang out with my schoolfriends anymore; I've made new friends.
restrain	v	rɪ ˈ streɪ n	to stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force	I had to restrain her from running out into the street.
life skill	n phr	laɪ f skɪ l	an ability to do something well, which you need for everyday life	Knowing how to cook is a very important life skill.
erratic	adj	ɪ ˈ ræ tɪ k	something that is erratic does not follow any pattern or plan but happens in a way that is not regular	His breathing was becoming erratic.
innate	adj	ˌ ɪ ˈ neɪ t	an innate quality or ability is something you are born with	Children have an innate ability to learn language.
hold out against	phr v	hə ʊ ld aʊ t ə ˈ ɡ enst	resist	I managed to hold out against the temptation of eating chocolate.
underestimate	v	ˌ ʌ ndə rˈ estə meɪ t, ˌ ʌ ndə rˈ estɪ meɪ t	to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is	We underestimated how long it would take to get there.
appealing	adj	ə ˈ piː lɪ ŋ	attractive or interesting	The city offers an appealing combination of sporting and cultural events.
mess around	phr v	mes ə ˈ raʊ nd	to spend time lazily, doing things slowly and in a way that is not planned	He spent his vacation messing around on the farm.
crucial	adj	ˈ kruː ʃ ə l	something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it	This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies.
programme	v	ˈ prə ʊ ɡ ræ m	to set a machine to operate in a particular way	I’ve programmed the video to come on at ten.
biological clock	n phr	ˌ baɪ ə ˈ lɒ dʒ ɪ kə l klɒ k	the system in plants and animals that controls when they sleep, eat, produce babies etc	career women who hear the biological clock ticking
Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
function	v	ˈ fʌ ŋ kʃ ə n	to work in the correct or intended way	Flights in and out of Taipei are functioning normally again.
out of synch	phr	aʊ t ə v sɪ ŋ k	if things are out of sync, they are not working well together at exactly the same time and speed	The sound on the TV is out of synch with the picture.
catch up on	phr v	kæ tʃ ʌ p ɒ n	to do what needs to be done because you have not been able to do it until now	I always try to catch up on my reading when I go on holiday.
radical	adj	ˈ ræ dɪ kə l	a radical change or difference is very big and important	They are proposing radical changes to the way the company is run.
sponge	n	spʌ ndʒ	a piece of a soft natural or artificial substance full of small holes, which can suck up liquid and is used for washing	You can clear up the water you spilt with that sponge.
become addicted to	v phr	bɪ ˈ kʌ m ə ˈ dɪ ktə d tə	liking something so much that you do not want to stop doing it or having it	I'm worried that I've become addicted to internet shopping.
harmful	adj	ˈ hɑ ː mfə l	causing harm	the harmful effects of smoking
fast-paced	adj	fɑ ː st peɪ st	moving very fast	When I moved to the city from the countryside, I noticed how fast-paced life was.
stimulation	n	ˌ stɪ mjə ˈ leɪ ʃ ə n, ˌ stɪ mjʊ ˈ leɪ ʃ ə n	to encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further	Children need variety and stimulation.
overload	n	ˈ ə ʊ və lə ʊ d	to put too many things or people on or into something	the modern day information overload
alter	v	ˈ ɔ ː ltə	to change, or to make someone or something change	Her face hadn’t altered much over the years.
mammal	n	ˈ mæ mə l	a type of animal that drinks milk from its mother’s body when it is young. Humans, dogs, and whales are mammals.	Even though it is huge and lives in the sea, the blue whale is a mammal.
steady	adj	ˈ stedi	continuing or developing gradually or without stopping, and not likely to change	Paul is making steady progress.
cope	v	kə ʊ p	to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation	Sometimes I find it hard to cope.
acute	adj	ə ˈ kjuː t	an acute problem is very serious	The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.
deficit	n	ˈ defə sə t, ˈ defɪ sə t	the difference between the amount of something that you have and the higher amount that you need	the country’s widening budget deficit
think one one's feet	idm	θ ɪ ŋ k ɒ n wʌ nz fiː t	to think of ideas and make decisions very quickly	When they changed the goal, Melanie was able to think on her feet and suggest a new plan.
all at sea	idm	ɔ ː l ə t siː	confused or not sure what to do	I'm all at sea -- I don't know where to go or what to do.
Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
brainy	adj	ˈ breɪ ni	able to learn easily and think quickly	He always was the brainy one.
dense	adj	dens	not able to understand things easily	I've explained it three times already, why are you being so dense?
dim	adj	dɪ m	not intelligent	You'll need to give him something easy to do -- he's a bit dim.
disoriented	adj	dɪ sˈ ɔ ː rientə d, dɪ sˈ ɔ ː rientɪ d	confused and not understanding what is happening around you	When he emerged into the street, he was completely disoriented.
feeble-minded	adj	ˈ fiː bə l ˈ maɪ ndə d	stupid or not sensible	a feeble-minded policy
gifted	adj	ˈ ɡ ɪ ftə d, ˈ ɡ ɪ ftɪ d	having a natural ability to do one or more things extremely well	She was an extremely gifted poet.
have a good head on one's shoulders	idm	v eɪ ɡ ʊ d hed ɒ n wʌ nz ˈ ʃ ə ʊ ld ə z	be sensible and down to earth	Emma has a good head on her shoulders and I'm sure she'll make a sensible decision.
high IQ	n phr	haɪ ˌ aɪ ˈ kjuː	your IQ is your level of intelligence, measured by a special test, with 100 being the average result	I don't know if I've got a high IQ because I've never had a test.
knowledgeable	adj	ˈ nɒ lɪ dʒ ə bə l	knowing a lot	Graham’s very knowledgeable about wines.
muddled	adj	ˈ mʌ dld	confused	muddled thinking
perplexed	adj	pə ˈ plekst	confused and worried by something that you do not understand	The student looked at him, perplexed.
precocious	adj	prɪ ˈ kə ʊ ʃ ə s	a precocious child shows intelligence or skill at a very young age, or behaves in an adult way – sometimes used to show disapproval in British English	a precocious child who walked and talked early
quick-witted	adj	ˌ kwɪ k ˈ wɪ t ɪ d	able to think and understand things quickly	Toby was quick-witted and entertaining.
slow on the uptake	adj phr	slə ʊ ɒ n ð ə ˈ ʌ pteɪ k	not quick to understand something new	Sometimes Tim’s a little slow on the uptake.
mind like a sieve	idm	maɪ nd laɪ k eɪ sɪ v	to forget things easily	I have to write everything down otherwise I forget -- I've got a mind like sieve.
mindless	adj	ˈ maɪ ndlə s	completely stupid and without any purpose	His drinking bouts often ended in acts of mindless violence.
reminder	v	rɪ ˈ maɪ ndə	something that makes you notice, remember, or think about something	a reminder of the dangers of drinking and driving
recollection	n	ˌ rekə ˈ lekʃ ə n	something from the past that you remember	My earliest recollections are of my mother bending over my cot.
recall	v	rɪ ˈ kɔ ː l	to remember a particular fact, event, or situation from the past	You don’t happen to recall his name, do you?
Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
stable	adj	ˈ steɪ bə l	steady and not likely to move or change	A wide base will make the structure much more stable.
temperament	n	ˈ tempə rə mə nt	the emotional part of someone’s character, especially how likely they are to be happy, angry etc	Jill has such a lovely relaxed temperament.
nail down	idm	neɪ l daʊ n	to reach a final and definite agreement or decision about something	We asked a lawyer to help us nail down the details in the contract.
insistence	n	ɪ nˈ sɪ stə ns	when you demand that something should happen and refuse to let anyone say no	his insistence that they discuss the problem
determined	adj	dɪ ˈ tɜ ː mə nd, dɪ ˈ tɜ ː mɪ nd	having a strong desire to do something, so that you will not let anyone stop you	Gwen is a very determined woman.
race track	n phr	reɪ s træ k	a circular course around which runners, cars etc race, which often has a specially prepared surface	For my birthday, I drove a racing car around a rack track.
to one's liking	phr	tə wʌ nz ˈ laɪ kɪ ŋ	being just what you wanted	This coffee cake is not to my liking, but the strawberry one is lovely.
dimension	n	daɪ ˈ menʃ ə n, də -	a part of a situation or a quality involved in it	the moral dimension of world politics
inevitable	adj	ɪ ˈ nevə tə bə l, ɪ ˈ nevɪ tə bə l	certain to happen and impossible to avoid	A further escalation of the crisis now seems inevitable.
ups and downs	idm	ʌ ps ə nd daʊ nz	the mixture of good and bad experiences that happen in any situation or relationship	We have our ups and downs like all couples.
blow up	phr v	blə ʊ ʌ p	to destroy something, or to be destroyed, by an explosion	The plane blew up in midair.
scenario	n	sə ˈ nɑ ː riə ʊ, sɪ ˈ nɑ ː riə ʊ	a situation that could possibly happen	Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job.
unflappable	adj	ʌ nˈ flæ pə bə l	having the ability to stay calm and not become upset, even in difficult situations	The great thing about Suzy is that even if everything is going wrong, she's completely unflappable.
highs and lows	idm	haɪ z ə nd lə ʊ z	the mixture of good and bad experiences that happen in any situation or relationship	We've had many highs and lows in our marriage, but I still love Richard.
rationalise	v	ˈ ræ ʃ ə nə laɪ z	if you rationalize behaviour that is wrong, you invent an explanation for it so that it does not seem as bad	When he makes a mistake, Glen always finds a way to rationalize what he’s done.
come with age	phr	kʌ m wɪ ð eɪ dʒ	develop as you get older	Patience often comes with age, although I'm 40 and I'm still waiting!
worn	adj	wɔ ː n	a worn object is old and damaged, especially because it has been used a lot	a worn patch on the carpet

Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
load	n	lə ʊ d	a large quantity of something that is carried by a vehicle, person etc	a load of wood
data	n	ˈ deɪ tə, ˈ dɑ ː tə	information or facts	The research involves collecting data from two random samples.
register	v	ˈ redʒ ə stə, ˈ redʒ ɪ stə	if something registers, or if you register it, you realize or notice it, and then remember it	I saw Peter in the shop but I didn't register it was him until he said hello.
qualify	v	ˈ kwɒ lə faɪ, ˈ kwɒ lɪ faɪ	to have the right to have or do something, or to give someone this right	Free school lunches are given to children who qualify.
refreshing	adj	rɪ ˈ freʃ ɪ ŋ	pleasantly different from what is familiar and boring	She's clever and attractive, but also very modest -- how refreshing!
toddler	n	ˈ tɒ dlə	a very young child who is just learning to walk	Make sure you keep the toddler away from the fire.
go-kart	n	ˈ ɡ ə ʊ kɑ ː t	a small vehicle with an open frame and four wheels, used in races	It's such fun whizzing around the track in a go-kart.
run out of	phr v	rʌ n aʊ t ə v	to use all of something and not have any more left	I've completely run out of money -- could you lend me some, please?
quite the contrary	phr	kwaɪ t ð ə ˈ kɒ ntrə ri	the opposite of what has been said or suggested	Some people say I am selfish. Quite the contrary -- I give millions to charity every year.
sponsor	n	ˈ spɒ nsə	a person or company that pays for a show, broadcast, sports event etc, especially in exchange for the right to advertise at that event	Eastman Kodak is a major sponsor of the Olympics.
stand back	phr v	ˈ stæ nd bæ k	step away from something in order to be safe	Before you try, stand back and watch how the experts do it.
in good hands	idm	ɪ n ɡ ʊ d hæ ndz	being dealt with or cared for by someone who is capable and responsible	Thank you for looking after me, doctor, I know I'm in good hands with you.
awash in	adj	ə ˈ wɒ ʃ ɪ n	containing too many things or people of a particular kind	They’ve won the lottery and now they're awash in cash.
lap	n	læ p	a single journey around a race track	How long did it take you to do one lap of the course?
stall	v	stɔ ː l	to stop making progress or developing	You need to practise every day if you don't want your progress to stall.
invariably	adv	ɪ nˈ veə riə bli	if something invariably happens or is invariably true, it always happens or is true	It invariably rains when I go there.
exacting	adj	ɪ ɡ ˈ zæ ktɪ ŋ	demanding a lot of effort, careful work, or skill	She was an exacting woman to work for.
Word	Part of speech	Pron	Definition	Example	Unit
stamina	n	ˈ stæ mə nə, ˈ stæ mɪ nə	physical or mental strength that lets you continue doing something for a long time without getting tired	You need stamina to be a long-distance runner.
endurance	n	ɪ nˈ djʊ ə rə ns	the ability to continue doing something difficult or painful over a long period of time	She was pushed beyond her powers of endurance.
exceptional	adj	ɪ kˈ sepʃ ə nə l	unusually good	an exceptional student
strain	n	streɪ n	worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time	I couldn’t look after him any more; the strain was too much for me.
adrenalin	n	ə ˈ drenə l-ə n, ə ˈ drenə l-ɪ n	a chemical produced by your body when you are afraid, angry, or excited, which makes your heart beat faster	There’s nothing like a good horror film to get the adrenalin going (=make you feel nervously excited).
build up	phr v	bɪ ld ʌ p	if something builds up somewhere, or if you build it up, it gradually becomes bigger or greater	the rate at which the pension builds up
undergo	v	ˌ ʌ ndə ˈ ɡ ə ʊ	if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you	The country has undergone massive changes recently.
build	n	bɪ ld	the shape and size of someone’s body	a woman of slim build
nutrition	n	njuː ˈ trɪ ʃ ə n	the process of giving or getting the right type of food for good health and growth	Nutrition and exercise are essential to fitness and health.
protein	n	ˈ prə ʊ tiː n	one of several natural substances that exist in food such as meat, eggs, and beans, and which your body needs in order to grow and remain strong and healthy	Soya beans are a good source of protein.
carbohydrate	n	ˌ kɑ ː bə ʊ ˈ haɪ dreɪ t, -drə t	a substance that is in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes, which provides your body with heat and energy and which consists of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon	Rice and bread are source of carbohydrates.
stuff oneself	v	stʌ f wʌ nˈ self	to eat so much food that you cannot eat anything else	Don't stuff yourself before you go swimming -- you'll feel sick.
absorb	v	ə bˈ sɔ ː b, ə bˈ zɔ ː b	to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something	Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.
dehydration	n	ˌ diː haɪ ˈ dreɪ ʃ ə n	to remove the liquid from a substance such as food or a chemical	Dehydration can be a big problem if you do exercise on a hot day.

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