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dɪˈmɒrəlaɪzɪŋ 5 страница



Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
crop up phr v krɒ p ʌ p if a problem crops up, it happens or appears suddenly and in an unexpected way Your name kept cropping up in conversation.
talk someone out of phr v tɔ ː k ˈ sʌ mwʌ n aʊ t ə v dissuade someone from doing something Luckily I managed to talk my daughter out of getting a tattoo.
talk over phr v tɔ ː k ˈ ə ʊ və discuss something If you're worried about the exams, why don't you talk it over with your teacher?
on behalf of phr ɒ n bɪ ˈ hɑ ː f ə v instead of someone, or as their representative I speak on behalf of all the teachers when I wish this year's students good luck.
needless to say phr ˈ niː dlə s tə seɪ used when you are telling someone something that they probably know or expect Needless to say, any contributions of money will be gratefully received.
on speaking terms with phr ɒ n ˈ spiː k ɪ ŋ tɜ ː mz wɪ ð have a good relationship with someone They had an argument in 1992 and have not been on speaking terms since.
talk sense into phr v tɔ ː k sens ˈ ɪ ntə try to make someone behave in a more sensible way I tried to talk sense into him but he wouldn't listen and bought a motorbike anyway.
make small talk v phr meɪ k smɔ ː l tɔ ː k have a polite friendly conversation about unimportant subjects I'm not very good at making small talk with strangers.
go without saying v phr ɡ ə ʊ wɪ ð ˈ aʊ t ˈ seɪ -ɪ ŋ if something goes without saying, it doesn't need to be mentioned It goes without saying that I will send Mary a birthday card.
get a word in edgeways v phr ɡ et eɪ wɜ ː d ɪ n ˈ edʒ weɪ z to get a chance to say something Sandrine talks nonstop -- you can't get a word in edgeways.
miss the point of v phr mɪ s ð ə pɔ ɪ nt ə v not recognise the purpose or aim of something You've missed the point -- I'm trying to tell you I'm sorry.
make head or tail of idm meɪ k hed ə teɪ l ə v to be completely unable to understand something These instructions are so confusing, I can't make head or tail of them.
have a go at someone idm v eɪ ɡ ə ʊ ə t ˈ sʌ mwʌ n to criticize someone Please don't have a go at me -- I was only trying to help.
go on about phr v ɡ ə ʊ ɒ n ə ˈ baʊ t talk endlessly, in a boring way I get so bored when Liam starts going on about his car.
drop hints about v phr drɒ p hɪ nts ə ˈ baʊ t say or do something to suggest something to someone, without telling them directly I've been dropping hints about getting married for years, but he still hasn't asked me.
take the words out of someone's mouth idm teɪ k ð ə wɜ ː dz aʊ t ə v ˈ sʌ mwʌ nz maʊ θ say what the other person was thinking or about to say When Sally suggested going to London for the weekend, she took the words right out of my mouth.
a good grounding in n phr eɪ ɡ ʊ d ˈ ɡ raʊ ndɪ ŋ ɪ n training in the basic parts of a subject or skill This class will give you a good grounding in grammar.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
reassurance n ˌ riː ə ˈ ʃ ʊ ə rə ns something that is said or done which makes someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a problem Parents are looking for reassurance about their children’s safety.
availability n ə ˌ veɪ lə ˈ bɪ lə ti, ə ˌ veɪ lə ˈ bɪ lɪ ti something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found the availability of affordable housing
inconsiderate adj ˌ ɪ nkə nˈ sɪ də rə t, ˌ ɪ nkə nˈ sɪ də rɪ t not caring about the feelings, needs, or comfort of other people inconsiderate motorists
a minority of n phr eɪ maɪ ˈ nɒ rə ti ə v a small group of people or things within a much larger group A minority of young people give teenagers a bad reputation.
approval n ə ˈ pruː və l when a plan, decision, or person is officially accepted The president has already given his approval to the plan.
a means to an end phr eɪ miː nz tə ə n end something that you do only to achieve a result, not because you want to do it or because it is important For Geoff, the job was simply a means to an end.
actually adv ˈ æ ktʃ uə li, -tʃ ə li used to add new information to what you have just said, to give your opinion, or to start a new conversation I’ve known Barbara for years. Since we were babies, actually.
open someone's eyes to idm ˈ ə ʊ pə n ˌ sʌ mwʌ nz aɪ z tə make someone realise something When I fell ill, it opened my eyes to how unhealthy my lifestyle was.
stuck in a rut idm stʌ k ɪ n eɪ rʌ t living or working in a situation that never changes, so that you feel bored I think our relationship ended because we got stuck in a rut.
get by on phr v ɡ et baɪ ɒ n to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more When I was a student I got by on £ 20 a week.
incentive n ɪ nˈ sentɪ v something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc As an added incentive, there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team.
tough going adj phr tʌ f ˈ ɡ ə ʊ ɪ ŋ difficult to do or deal with Recovering from my skiing accident was tough going.
payoff n peɪ ɒ f an advantage or profit that you get as a result of doing something The payoff for spending hours learning the guitar is that I can now play in a band.
inadequate adj ɪ nˈ æ də kwə t, ɪ nˈ æ dɪ kwə t not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose inadequate resources
take a year out phr v teɪ k eɪ jɪ ə aʊ t to stop doing something for a year When I lost my job I decided to take a year out to go travelling.
from scratch adj phr frə m skræ tʃ if you start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before We had to start again from scratch.
end up as phr v end ʌ p ə z to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it Despite studying physics, May ended up as a fashion designer.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
change tack idm tʃ eɪ ndʒ tæ k change the way you deal with a particular situation or a method that you use to achieve something When she looked confused I changed tack and explained it a different way.
have time on your hands idm v taɪ m ɒ n jə hæ ndz have time to spare I started to work as a volunteer because I had time on my hands.
comfort zone n phr ˈ kʌ mfə t zə ʊ n your comfort zone is the range of activities or situations that you feel happy and confident in Learning to fly a plane really pushed me out of my comfort zone.
narrow something down phr v ˈ næ rə ʊ ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ daʊ n to reduce the number of things included in a range The police have narrowed down their list of suspects.
switch v swɪ tʃ to change from doing or using one thing to doing or using another She worked as a librarian before switching to journalism.
conduct research n phr kə nˈ dʌ kt rɪ ˈ sɜ ː tʃ to carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information or prove facts Very little research has been conducted into what our dreams mean.
intuition n ˌ ɪ ntjuˈ ɪ ʃ ə n the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts feminine intuition
a (guitar) freak n eɪ (ɡ ɪ ˈ tɑ ː ) friː k someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject so that other people think they are strange or unusual I've always been a TV freak -- I watch anything!
take for granted v phr teɪ k fə ˈ ɡ rɑ ː ntə d to believe that something is true without making sure I never realised how much I took my mum's cooking for granted until I moved into my own flat.
go along with phr v ɡ ə ʊ ə ˈ lɒ ŋ wɪ ð agree to do something that someone else wants to do I wasn't that interested in going to the party, but I went along with it to keep Sarah happy.
dawn on someone phr v dɔ ː n ɒ n ˈ sʌ mwʌ n if a feeling or idea dawns, you have it for the first time It was only when I saw the list of marks that it dawned on me I had come first in the class.
detail v ˈ diː teɪ l to list things or give all the facts or information about something The report details the progress we have made over the last year.
snap judgement n phr snæ p ˈ dʒ ʌ dʒ mə nt a judgment or decision made quickly, without careful thought or discussion I made a snap judgement and close the office.
mull over phr v mʌ l ˈ ə ʊ və to think about a problem, plan etc for a long time before making a decision We mulled over getting a pet for weeks, and finally decided on a cat.
flash onto v flæ ʃ ˈ ɒ ntə to be shown quickly on television, on a computer, or on a film It makes my head ache when so many different images flash onto the screen.
participant n pɑ ː ˈ tɪ sə pə nt, pɑ ː ˈ tɪ sɪ pə nt someone who is taking part in an activity or event an active participant in the negotiations
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
distract v dɪ ˈ stræ kt to take someone’s attention away from something by making them look at or listen to something else Try not to distract the other students.
unconscious adj ʌ nˈ kɒ nʃ ə s a feeling or thought that is unconscious is one that you have without realizing it Even while you're sleeping, your unconscious mind will try to solve your problems.
store v stɔ ː to put things away and keep them until you need them Squirrels are storing up nuts for the winter.
kaleidoscopic adj kə ˌ laɪ də ˈ skɒ pɪ k kaleidoscopic scenes, colours, or patterns change often and quickly The flowerbeds are full of kaleidoscopic colour.
electrode n ɪ ˈ lektrə ʊ d a small piece of metal or a wire that is used to send electricity through a system or through a person’s body The monkeys have electrodes implanted into the brain to measure their brain activity.
dream up phrv driː m ʌ p to think of a plan or idea, especially an unusual one I love dreaming up poems and then singing them.
eminently adv ˈ emɪ nə ntli completely and without a doubt – use this to show approval Woods is eminently suitable for the job.
livid adj ˈ lɪ və d, ˈ lɪ vɪ d extremely angry She was absolutely livid that he had lied.
burst into tears idm bɜ ː st ˈ ɪ ntə tɪ ə z start crying suddenly I was so sad when he told me the news, I burst into tears.
in two minds idm ɪ n tuː maɪ ndz unsure about I'm in two minds about moving to Oxford because I really love living in London.
stranded adj ˈ stræ ndə d, ˈ stræ ndɪ d a person or vehicle that is stranded is unable to move from the place where they are Air travellers were left stranded because of icy conditions.
tingle v ˈ tɪ ŋ ɡ ə l if a part of your body tingles, you feel a slight stinging feeling, especially on your skin My body tingled all over and I had a terrible headache.
wind someone up phr v wɪ nd ˈ sʌ mwʌ n ʌ p to deliberately say or do something that will annoy or worry someone, as a joke Ricky is always late and it really winds me up.
wear thin idm weə θ ɪ n if something is wearing thin, you are bored with it because it is not interesting any more, or has become annoying His embarrassing jokes are starting to wear thin.
be down v phr bi daʊ n feel depressed I'd been ill for so long, I felt really down.
grouchy adj ˈ ɡ raʊ tʃ i in a bad temper, especially because you are tired Don't be grouchy -- I'm sure your boss didn't mean to upset you.
cheer up phr v tʃ ɪ ə ʌ p to become less sad, or to make someone feel less sad Cheer up! The worst is over.
in high spirits idm ɪ n haɪ ˈ spɪ rɪ ts excited and happy It was Christmas day and everyone was in high spirits.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
out of sorts adj phr aʊ t ə v sɔ ː ts feeling a little ill or upset I can't say what's wrong exactly, I just feel out of sorts.
lose one's cool idm luː z wʌ nz kuː l to stop being calm in an annoying or frightening situation When Ben said he had ruined my shirt, I lost my cool and shouted at him.
fly into a rage v phr flaɪ ˈ ɪ ntə eɪ reɪ dʒ suddenly become very angry I got home late last night and dad flew into a rage.
do one's head in idm duː wʌ nz hed ɪ n to make you feel confused and annoyed Mum is always telling me to tidy up -- it does my head in.
on reflection phr ɒ n rɪ ˈ flekʃ ə n after careful thought, or an idea or opinion based on this On reflection, I should probably apologise for the things I said.
in the heat of the moment phr ɪ n ð ə hiː t ə v ð ə ˈ mə ʊ mə nt when feelings were very strong I didn't mean it -- I just said those things in the heat of the moment.
ratty adj ˈ ræ ti becoming annoyed quickly or easily I feel guilty about getting ratty with the children.
beside oneself adj bɪ ˈ saɪ d wʌ nˈ self to be feeling so angry, excited etc that you find it difficult to control yourself When Emma didn't come home, I was beside myself with worry.
make a scene idm meɪ k eɪ siː n have a loud angry argument, especially in a public place Your food was a bit cold, but I don't think it's worth making a scene.
pull oneself together idm pʊ l wʌ nˈ self tə ˈ ɡ eð ə to force yourself to stop behaving in a nervous, frightened, or uncontrolled way You'll have to pull yourself together and stop crying if you're going to drive the car.
get to someone idm ɡ et tə ˈ sʌ mwʌ n to make someone feel annoyed or upset My brother always seems to be my parents' favourite child and it really gets to me.
keep one's head idm kiː p wʌ nz hed to remain calm and sensible in a difficult or frightening situation To win an argument, you need to keep your head and not get emotional.
laid-back adj ˌ leɪ d ˈ bæ k relaxed and seeming not to be worried about anything I don’t know how you can be so laid-back about your exams.
uncharacteristically adv

ʌ nˌ kæ rə tə ˈ rɪ stɪ kli

not typical of someone or something and therefore surprising He was uncharacteristically quiet.
high-pitched adj ˌ haɪ ˈ pɪ tʃ t a high-pitched voice or sound is very high That dog has a really annoying high-pitched bark.
be taken aback idm bi ˈ teɪ kə n ə ˈ bæ k to be very surprised about something Emma was somewhat taken aback by his directness.
downside n ˈ daʊ nsaɪ d the negative part or disadvantage of something Digital mobile phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power.
stir up phr v stɜ ː ʌ p to make someone have a strong feeling or a reaction That photo stirred up memories of a holiday I took with my parents.
implicit adj ɪ mˈ plɪ sə t, ɪ mˈ plɪ sɪ t suggested or understood without being stated directly Her words contained an implicit threat.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
trigger v ˈ trɪ ɡ ə to make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events The assassination triggered off a wave of rioting.
retrieve v rɪ ˈ triː v to find something and bring it back She bent down to retrieve her earring.
distinct adj dɪ ˈ stɪ ŋ kt clearly different or belonging to a different type two entirely distinct languages
explicit adj ɪ kˈ splɪ sə t, ɪ kˈ splɪ sɪ t expressed in a way that is very clear and direct The contrast could not have been made more explicit.
seemingly adv ˈ siː mɪ ŋ li appearing to have a particular quality, when this may or may not be true seemingly unrelated bits of information
take on (identity) phr v teɪ k ɒ n (aɪ ˈ dentə ti) to begin to have a particular quality or appearance When I talked to the actor, I took on the characteristics of a love-sick teenager.
identity n aɪ ˈ dentə ti, aɪ ˈ dentɪ ti someone’s identity is their name or who they are The identity of the killer is still unknown.
attitude n ˈ æ tə tjuː d, ˈ æ tɪ tjuː d the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their whole attitude changed.
defensive adj dɪ ˈ fensɪ v behaving in a way that shows you think someone is criticizing you even if they are not There's no need to get so defensive, I was only making a suggestion.
defiant adj dɪ ˈ faɪ ə nt clearly refusing to do what someone tells you to do Mark smashed a fist on the desk in a defiant gesture.
regression n rɪ ˈ ɡ reʃ ə n the act of returning to an earlier condition that is worse or less developed People sometimes experience regression when they are hypnotised.
interaction n ˌ ɪ ntə rˈ æ kʃ ə n the activity of talking to other people, working together with them etc I work from home and miss interaction with other people.
spark off phr v spɑ ː k ɒ f to be the cause of something, especially trouble or violence One small comment sparked off a huge row between them.
subconscious adj sʌ b ˈ kɒ nʃ ə s subconscious feelings, desires etc are hidden in your mind and affect your behaviour, but you do not know that you have them Because I got lost when I was very young, I now have a subconscious fear of being left alone.
irrelevant adj ɪ ˈ relə və nt, ɪ ˈ relɪ və nt not useful or not relating to a particular situation, and therefore not important We’re focussing too much on irrelevant details.
impact n ˈ ɪ mpæ kt the effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something We need to assess the impact on climate change.
connection n kə ˈ nekʃ ə n the way in which two facts, ideas, events etc are related to each other, and one is affected or caused by the other the causal connection between smoking and cancer
evaluate v ɪ ˈ væ ljueɪ t to judge how good, useful, or successful something is You should be able to evaluate your own work.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
occurrence n ə ˈ kʌ rə ns something that happens Laughter was a rare occurrence in his classroom.
differentiate v ˌ dɪ fə ˈ renʃ ieɪ t to recognize or express the difference between things or people It’s important to differentiate between fact and opinion.
act out phr v æ kt aʊ t to express your feelings about something through your behaviour or actions, especially when you have been feeling angry or nervous Stop acting out your frustrations from your childhood and just behave like an adult!
behavioural adj

bɪ ˈ heɪ vjə rə l

the things that a person or animal does behavioural science
outburst n ˈ aʊ tbɜ ː st a sudden short increase in an activity There was an outburst of cheering when the band came onto the stage.
lapse n læ ps a short period of time during which you fail to do something well or properly, often caused by not being careful Despite the occasional lapse, this was a fine performance by the young saxophonist.
sensitive adj ˈ sensə tɪ v, ˈ sensɪ tɪ v able to understand other people’s feelings and problems a sensitive and intelligent young man
identify v aɪ ˈ dentə faɪ, aɪ ˈ dentɪ faɪ to feel sympathy with someone or be able to share their feelings I'm so different from my parents, I've never really identified with them.
internalise v ɪ nˈ tɜ ː nə laɪ z if you internalize a particular belief, attitude, behaviour etc, it becomes part of your character I don't like talking about emotions -- I tend to internalise them instead.
overwhelmed adj ˌ ə ʊ v ə ˈ welmd if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with I was so overwhelmed with all my homework, I was sure I wouldn't be able to cope.
accusation n ˌ æ kjə ˈ zeɪ ʃ ə n, ˌ æ kjʊ ˈ zeɪ ʃ ə n a statement saying that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong A number of serious accusations have been made against her.
harsh adj hɑ ː ʃ severe, cruel, or unkind A prison term of 10 years for stealing some eggs seems a bit harsh.
perceive v pə ˈ siː v to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.
severe adj sə ˈ vɪ ə, sɪ ˈ vɪ ə severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc are very bad or very serious His injuries were quite severe.
depend on phr v dɪ ˈ pend ɒ n to need the support, help, or existence of someone or something in order to exist, be healthy, be successful etc I depended on my mum and dad financially until I was 22.
scenario n sə ˈ nɑ ː riə ʊ, sɪ ˈ nɑ ː riə ʊ a situation that could possibly happen Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job.
cohesive adj kə ʊ ˈ hiː sɪ v connected or related in a reasonable way to form a whole a cohesive community
limitation n ˌ lɪ mə ˈ teɪ ʃ ə n, ˌ lɪ mɪ ˈ teɪ ʃ ə n the act or process of controlling or reducing something Any limitation to the king’s power could be permanent.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
intense adj ɪ nˈ tens having a very strong effect or felt very strongly Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.
feel at home idm fiː l ə t hə ʊ m to feel comfortable in a place or with a person I feel really at home at my best friend's house; I am always welcome there.
hit home idm hɪ t hə ʊ m if a remark, criticism etc about you hits home, you realize that it is true Graham didn’t reply, but she could see her words had hit home.
eat out of house and home idm iː t aʊ t ə v haʊ s ə nd hə ʊ m to eat a lot of someone's supply of food, so that they have to buy more - used humorously I have three teenage boys and I have to go shopping four times a week -- they eat me out of house and home.
come home to someone idm kʌ m hə ʊ m tə ˈ sʌ mwʌ n to realise, in a deep or sudden way As Annabel got onto the train, it came home to me that I might never see her again.
feature v ˈ fiː tʃ ə to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part The exhibition features paintings by Picasso.
relate to something v phr rɪ ˈ leɪ t tə ˌ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ if two things relate, they are connected in some way That story is related to something I heard on the radio yesterday.
fragment v fræ ɡ ˈ ment to break something, or be broken into a lot of small separate parts – used to show disapproval the dangers of fragmenting the Health Service
workforce n ˈ wɜ ː kfɔ ː s all the people who work in a particular industry or company, or are available to work in a particular country or area Women now represent almost 50% of the workforce.
belonging n

bɪ ˈ lɒ ŋ ɪ ŋ

if something belongs somewhere, that is the right place or situation for it It’s important to have a sense of belonging.
concept n ˈ kɒ nsept an idea of how something is, or how something should be done the concept of total patient care
tough adj tʌ f difficult to do or deal with It was a tough race.
unexpected adj ˌ ʌ nɪ kˈ spektə d, ˌ ʌ nɪ kˈ spektɪ d used to describe something that is surprising because you were not expecting it The experiment produced some unexpected results.
stuff like n phr stʌ f laɪ k used when talking about different activities, subjects, or ideas, when you do not say exactly what these are I enjoy skiing and cycling, stuff like that.
take for granted idm teɪ k fə ˈ ɡ rɑ ː ntɪ d to expect that someone or something will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they are It wasn't until I left home that I realised how much I took my family for granted.
option n ˈ ɒ pʃ ə n a choice you can make in a particular situation There are a number of options available.
Word Part of speech Pron Definition Example Unit
uproot v ʌ pˈ ruː t to pull a plant and its roots out of the ground He rejected the idea of uprooting himself and moving to America.
kind of phr kaɪ nd ə v slightly but not exactly, or in some ways I’m kind of glad I didn’t win.
grow apart from v phr ɡ rə ʊ ə ˈ pɑ ː t frə m if people drift or grow apart, their relationship slowly becomes less close I've grown apart from my brother -- we rarely see or speak to each other.
commute n kə ˈ mjuː t the journey to work every day My morning commute takes 45 minutes.
pointless adj ˈ pɔ ɪ ntlə s worthless or not likely to have any useful result Life just seemed pointless to me.
green issue n phr ɡ riː n ˈ ɪ ʃ uː problems related to the environment I don't know a lot about green issues like climate change and recycling.
investigate v ɪ nˈ vestə ɡ eɪ t, ɪ nˈ vestɪ ɡ eɪ t to try to find out the truth about something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem The state police are investigating the incident.
breakthrough n ˈ breɪ kθ ruː an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
pitch (tent) v pɪ tʃ (tent) to put up It was the first time we had ever pitched a tent and it took us four hours.
put something aside phr v pʊ t ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ ə ˈ saɪ d keep to be used later Each month I put something aside so I can have a holiday at the end of the year.
cramped adj kræ mpt a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it The kitchen was small and cramped.
sustainable adj sə ˈ steɪ nə bə l able to continue without causing damage to the environment The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture.
owl n aʊ l a bird with large eyes that hunts at night Did you hear that sound outside? I think it was an owl.
hoot v huː t if a vehicle or ship hoots, it makes a loud clear noise as a warning The car behind was hooting at me.
set up phr v set ʌ p to prepare the equipment that will be needed for an activity so that it is ready to be used On my first day at work, everything was set up for me at my desk -- computer, chair, phone, everything.
shell out phr v ʃ el aʊ t to pay a lot of money for something, especially unwillingly I had to shell out a lot to buy my first flat.
fair enough phr feə ɪ ˈ nʌ f used to say that you agree with someone’s suggestion or that something seems reasonable ‘I think we should split the bill. ’ ‘Fair enough. ’
do one's own thing idm duː wʌ nz ə ʊ n θ ɪ ŋ please yourself I like living on my own because I can do my own thing and don't have to worry about upsetting anyone.

 



  

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