Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
crop up
| phr v
| krɒ p ʌ p
| if a problem crops up, it happens or appears suddenly and in an unexpected way
| Your name kept cropping up in conversation.
|
|
talk someone out of
| phr v
| tɔ ː k ˈ sʌ mwʌ n aʊ t ə v
| dissuade someone from doing something
| Luckily I managed to talk my daughter out of getting a tattoo.
|
|
talk over
| phr v
| tɔ ː k ˈ ə ʊ və
| discuss something
| If you're worried about the exams, why don't you talk it over with your teacher?
|
|
on behalf of
| phr
| ɒ n bɪ ˈ hɑ ː f ə v
| instead of someone, or as their representative
| I speak on behalf of all the teachers when I wish this year's students good luck.
|
|
needless to say
| phr
| ˈ niː dlə s tə seɪ
| used when you are telling someone something that they probably know or expect
| Needless to say, any contributions of money will be gratefully received.
|
|
on speaking terms with
| phr
| ɒ n ˈ spiː k ɪ ŋ tɜ ː mz wɪ ð
| have a good relationship with someone
| They had an argument in 1992 and have not been on speaking terms since.
|
|
talk sense into
| phr v
| tɔ ː k sens ˈ ɪ ntə
| try to make someone behave in a more sensible way
| I tried to talk sense into him but he wouldn't listen and bought a motorbike anyway.
|
|
make small talk
| v phr
| meɪ k smɔ ː l tɔ ː k
| have a polite friendly conversation about unimportant subjects
| I'm not very good at making small talk with strangers.
|
|
go without saying
| v phr
| ɡ ə ʊ wɪ ð ˈ aʊ t ˈ seɪ -ɪ ŋ
| if something goes without saying, it doesn't need to be mentioned
| It goes without saying that I will send Mary a birthday card.
|
|
get a word in edgeways
| v phr
| ɡ et eɪ wɜ ː d ɪ n ˈ edʒ weɪ z
| to get a chance to say something
| Sandrine talks nonstop -- you can't get a word in edgeways.
|
|
miss the point of
| v phr
| mɪ s ð ə pɔ ɪ nt ə v
| not recognise the purpose or aim of something
| You've missed the point -- I'm trying to tell you I'm sorry.
|
|
make head or tail of
| idm
| meɪ k hed ə teɪ l ə v
| to be completely unable to understand something
| These instructions are so confusing, I can't make head or tail of them.
|
|
have a go at someone
| idm
| v eɪ ɡ ə ʊ ə t ˈ sʌ mwʌ n
| to criticize someone
| Please don't have a go at me -- I was only trying to help.
|
|
go on about
| phr v
| ɡ ə ʊ ɒ n ə ˈ baʊ t
| talk endlessly, in a boring way
| I get so bored when Liam starts going on about his car.
|
|
drop hints about
| v phr
| drɒ p hɪ nts ə ˈ baʊ t
| say or do something to suggest something to someone, without telling them directly
| I've been dropping hints about getting married for years, but he still hasn't asked me.
|
|
take the words out of someone's mouth
| idm
| teɪ k ð ə wɜ ː dz aʊ t ə v ˈ sʌ mwʌ nz maʊ θ
| say what the other person was thinking or about to say
| When Sally suggested going to London for the weekend, she took the words right out of my mouth.
|
|
a good grounding in
| n phr
| eɪ ɡ ʊ d ˈ ɡ raʊ ndɪ ŋ ɪ n
| training in the basic parts of a subject or skill
| This class will give you a good grounding in grammar.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
reassurance
| n
| ˌ riː ə ˈ ʃ ʊ ə rə ns
| something that is said or done which makes someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a problem
| Parents are looking for reassurance about their children’s safety.
|
|
availability
| n
| ə ˌ veɪ lə ˈ bɪ lə ti, ə ˌ veɪ lə ˈ bɪ lɪ ti
| something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found
| the availability of affordable housing
|
|
inconsiderate
| adj
| ˌ ɪ nkə nˈ sɪ də rə t, ˌ ɪ nkə nˈ sɪ də rɪ t
| not caring about the feelings, needs, or comfort of other people
| inconsiderate motorists
|
|
a minority of
| n phr
| eɪ maɪ ˈ nɒ rə ti ə v
| a small group of people or things within a much larger group
| A minority of young people give teenagers a bad reputation.
|
|
approval
| n
| ə ˈ pruː və l
| when a plan, decision, or person is officially accepted
| The president has already given his approval to the plan.
|
|
a means to an end
| phr
| eɪ miː nz tə ə n end
| something that you do only to achieve a result, not because you want to do it or because it is important
| For Geoff, the job was simply a means to an end.
|
|
actually
| adv
| ˈ æ ktʃ uə li, -tʃ ə li
| used to add new information to what you have just said, to give your opinion, or to start a new conversation
| I’ve known Barbara for years. Since we were babies, actually.
|
|
open someone's eyes to
| idm
| ˈ ə ʊ pə n ˌ sʌ mwʌ nz aɪ z tə
| make someone realise something
| When I fell ill, it opened my eyes to how unhealthy my lifestyle was.
|
|
stuck in a rut
| idm
| stʌ k ɪ n eɪ rʌ t
| living or working in a situation that never changes, so that you feel bored
| I think our relationship ended because we got stuck in a rut.
|
|
get by on
| phr v
| ɡ et baɪ ɒ n
| to have enough money to buy the things you need, but no more
| When I was a student I got by on £ 20 a week.
|
|
incentive
| n
| ɪ nˈ sentɪ v
| something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc
| As an added incentive, there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team.
|
|
tough going
| adj phr
| tʌ f ˈ ɡ ə ʊ ɪ ŋ
| difficult to do or deal with
| Recovering from my skiing accident was tough going.
|
|
payoff
| n
| peɪ ɒ f
| an advantage or profit that you get as a result of doing something
| The payoff for spending hours learning the guitar is that I can now play in a band.
|
|
inadequate
| adj
| ɪ nˈ æ də kwə t, ɪ nˈ æ dɪ kwə t
| not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose
| inadequate resources
|
|
take a year out
| phr v
| teɪ k eɪ jɪ ə aʊ t
| to stop doing something for a year
| When I lost my job I decided to take a year out to go travelling.
|
|
from scratch
| adj phr
| frə m skræ tʃ
| if you start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before
| We had to start again from scratch.
|
|
end up as
| phr v
| end ʌ p ə z
| to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it
| Despite studying physics, May ended up as a fashion designer.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
change tack
| idm
| tʃ eɪ ndʒ tæ k
| change the way you deal with a particular situation or a method that you use to achieve something
| When she looked confused I changed tack and explained it a different way.
|
|
have time on your hands
| idm
| v taɪ m ɒ n jə hæ ndz
| have time to spare
| I started to work as a volunteer because I had time on my hands.
|
|
comfort zone
| n phr
| ˈ kʌ mfə t zə ʊ n
| your comfort zone is the range of activities or situations that you feel happy and confident in
| Learning to fly a plane really pushed me out of my comfort zone.
|
|
narrow something down
| phr v
| ˈ næ rə ʊ ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ daʊ n
| to reduce the number of things included in a range
| The police have narrowed down their list of suspects.
|
|
switch
| v
| swɪ tʃ
| to change from doing or using one thing to doing or using another
| She worked as a librarian before switching to journalism.
|
|
conduct research
| n phr
| kə nˈ dʌ kt rɪ ˈ sɜ ː tʃ
| to carry out a particular activity or process, especially in order to get information or prove facts
| Very little research has been conducted into what our dreams mean.
|
|
intuition
| n
| ˌ ɪ ntjuˈ ɪ ʃ ə n
| the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts
| feminine intuition
|
|
a (guitar) freak
| n
| eɪ (ɡ ɪ ˈ tɑ ː ) friː k
| someone who is extremely interested in a particular subject so that other people think they are strange or unusual
| I've always been a TV freak -- I watch anything!
|
|
take for granted
| v phr
| teɪ k fə ˈ ɡ rɑ ː ntə d
| to believe that something is true without making sure
| I never realised how much I took my mum's cooking for granted until I moved into my own flat.
|
|
go along with
| phr v
| ɡ ə ʊ ə ˈ lɒ ŋ wɪ ð
| agree to do something that someone else wants to do
| I wasn't that interested in going to the party, but I went along with it to keep Sarah happy.
|
|
dawn on someone
| phr v
| dɔ ː n ɒ n ˈ sʌ mwʌ n
| if a feeling or idea dawns, you have it for the first time
| It was only when I saw the list of marks that it dawned on me I had come first in the class.
|
|
detail
| v
| ˈ diː teɪ l
| to list things or give all the facts or information about something
| The report details the progress we have made over the last year.
|
|
snap judgement
| n phr
| snæ p ˈ dʒ ʌ dʒ mə nt
| a judgment or decision made quickly, without careful thought or discussion
| I made a snap judgement and close the office.
|
|
mull over
| phr v
| mʌ l ˈ ə ʊ və
| to think about a problem, plan etc for a long time before making a decision
| We mulled over getting a pet for weeks, and finally decided on a cat.
|
|
flash onto
| v
| flæ ʃ ˈ ɒ ntə
| to be shown quickly on television, on a computer, or on a film
| It makes my head ache when so many different images flash onto the screen.
|
|
participant
| n
| pɑ ː ˈ tɪ sə pə nt, pɑ ː ˈ tɪ sɪ pə nt
| someone who is taking part in an activity or event
| an active participant in the negotiations
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
distract
| v
| dɪ ˈ stræ kt
| to take someone’s attention away from something by making them look at or listen to something else
| Try not to distract the other students.
|
|
unconscious
| adj
| ʌ nˈ kɒ nʃ ə s
| a feeling or thought that is unconscious is one that you have without realizing it
| Even while you're sleeping, your unconscious mind will try to solve your problems.
|
|
store
| v
| stɔ ː
| to put things away and keep them until you need them
| Squirrels are storing up nuts for the winter.
|
|
kaleidoscopic
| adj
| kə ˌ laɪ də ˈ skɒ pɪ k
| kaleidoscopic scenes, colours, or patterns change often and quickly
| The flowerbeds are full of kaleidoscopic colour.
|
|
electrode
| n
| ɪ ˈ lektrə ʊ d
| a small piece of metal or a wire that is used to send electricity through a system or through a person’s body
| The monkeys have electrodes implanted into the brain to measure their brain activity.
|
|
dream up
| phrv
| driː m ʌ p
| to think of a plan or idea, especially an unusual one
| I love dreaming up poems and then singing them.
|
|
eminently
| adv
| ˈ emɪ nə ntli
| completely and without a doubt – use this to show approval
| Woods is eminently suitable for the job.
|
|
livid
| adj
| ˈ lɪ və d, ˈ lɪ vɪ d
| extremely angry
| She was absolutely livid that he had lied.
|
|
burst into tears
| idm
| bɜ ː st ˈ ɪ ntə tɪ ə z
| start crying suddenly
| I was so sad when he told me the news, I burst into tears.
|
|
in two minds
| idm
| ɪ n tuː maɪ ndz
| unsure about
| I'm in two minds about moving to Oxford because I really love living in London.
|
|
stranded
| adj
| ˈ stræ ndə d, ˈ stræ ndɪ d
| a person or vehicle that is stranded is unable to move from the place where they are
| Air travellers were left stranded because of icy conditions.
|
|
tingle
| v
| ˈ tɪ ŋ ɡ ə l
| if a part of your body tingles, you feel a slight stinging feeling, especially on your skin
| My body tingled all over and I had a terrible headache.
|
|
wind someone up
| phr v
| wɪ nd ˈ sʌ mwʌ n ʌ p
| to deliberately say or do something that will annoy or worry someone, as a joke
| Ricky is always late and it really winds me up.
|
|
wear thin
| idm
| weə θ ɪ n
| if something is wearing thin, you are bored with it because it is not interesting any more, or has become annoying
| His embarrassing jokes are starting to wear thin.
|
|
be down
| v phr
| bi daʊ n
| feel depressed
| I'd been ill for so long, I felt really down.
|
|
grouchy
| adj
| ˈ ɡ raʊ tʃ i
| in a bad temper, especially because you are tired
| Don't be grouchy -- I'm sure your boss didn't mean to upset you.
|
|
cheer up
| phr v
| tʃ ɪ ə ʌ p
| to become less sad, or to make someone feel less sad
| Cheer up! The worst is over.
|
|
in high spirits
| idm
| ɪ n haɪ ˈ spɪ rɪ ts
| excited and happy
| It was Christmas day and everyone was in high spirits.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
out of sorts
| adj phr
| aʊ t ə v sɔ ː ts
| feeling a little ill or upset
| I can't say what's wrong exactly, I just feel out of sorts.
|
|
lose one's cool
| idm
| luː z wʌ nz kuː l
| to stop being calm in an annoying or frightening situation
| When Ben said he had ruined my shirt, I lost my cool and shouted at him.
|
|
fly into a rage
| v phr
| flaɪ ˈ ɪ ntə eɪ reɪ dʒ
| suddenly become very angry
| I got home late last night and dad flew into a rage.
|
|
do one's head in
| idm
| duː wʌ nz hed ɪ n
| to make you feel confused and annoyed
| Mum is always telling me to tidy up -- it does my head in.
|
|
on reflection
| phr
| ɒ n rɪ ˈ flekʃ ə n
| after careful thought, or an idea or opinion based on this
| On reflection, I should probably apologise for the things I said.
|
|
in the heat of the moment
| phr
| ɪ n ð ə hiː t ə v ð ə ˈ mə ʊ mə nt
| when feelings were very strong
| I didn't mean it -- I just said those things in the heat of the moment.
|
|
ratty
| adj
| ˈ ræ ti
| becoming annoyed quickly or easily
| I feel guilty about getting ratty with the children.
|
|
beside oneself
| adj
| bɪ ˈ saɪ d wʌ nˈ self
| to be feeling so angry, excited etc that you find it difficult to control yourself
| When Emma didn't come home, I was beside myself with worry.
|
|
make a scene
| idm
| meɪ k eɪ siː n
| have a loud angry argument, especially in a public place
| Your food was a bit cold, but I don't think it's worth making a scene.
|
|
pull oneself together
| idm
| pʊ l wʌ nˈ self tə ˈ ɡ eð ə
| to force yourself to stop behaving in a nervous, frightened, or uncontrolled way
| You'll have to pull yourself together and stop crying if you're going to drive the car.
|
|
get to someone
| idm
| ɡ et tə ˈ sʌ mwʌ n
| to make someone feel annoyed or upset
| My brother always seems to be my parents' favourite child and it really gets to me.
|
|
keep one's head
| idm
| kiː p wʌ nz hed
| to remain calm and sensible in a difficult or frightening situation
| To win an argument, you need to keep your head and not get emotional.
|
|
laid-back
| adj
| ˌ leɪ d ˈ bæ k
| relaxed and seeming not to be worried about anything
| I don’t know how you can be so laid-back about your exams.
|
|
uncharacteristically
| adv
|
ʌ nˌ kæ rə tə ˈ rɪ stɪ kli
| not typical of someone or something and therefore surprising
| He was uncharacteristically quiet.
|
|
high-pitched
| adj
| ˌ haɪ ˈ pɪ tʃ t
| a high-pitched voice or sound is very high
| That dog has a really annoying high-pitched bark.
|
|
be taken aback
| idm
| bi ˈ teɪ kə n ə ˈ bæ k
| to be very surprised about something
| Emma was somewhat taken aback by his directness.
|
|
downside
| n
| ˈ daʊ nsaɪ d
| the negative part or disadvantage of something
| Digital mobile phones offer more security, but the downside is that they have less power.
|
|
stir up
| phr v
| stɜ ː ʌ p
| to make someone have a strong feeling or a reaction
| That photo stirred up memories of a holiday I took with my parents.
|
|
implicit
| adj
| ɪ mˈ plɪ sə t, ɪ mˈ plɪ sɪ t
| suggested or understood without being stated directly
| Her words contained an implicit threat.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
trigger
| v
| ˈ trɪ ɡ ə
| to make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events
| The assassination triggered off a wave of rioting.
|
|
retrieve
| v
| rɪ ˈ triː v
| to find something and bring it back
| She bent down to retrieve her earring.
|
|
distinct
| adj
| dɪ ˈ stɪ ŋ kt
| clearly different or belonging to a different type
| two entirely distinct languages
|
|
explicit
| adj
| ɪ kˈ splɪ sə t, ɪ kˈ splɪ sɪ t
| expressed in a way that is very clear and direct
| The contrast could not have been made more explicit.
|
|
seemingly
| adv
| ˈ siː mɪ ŋ li
| appearing to have a particular quality, when this may or may not be true
| seemingly unrelated bits of information
|
|
take on (identity)
| phr v
| teɪ k ɒ n (aɪ ˈ dentə ti)
| to begin to have a particular quality or appearance
| When I talked to the actor, I took on the characteristics of a love-sick teenager.
|
|
identity
| n
| aɪ ˈ dentə ti, aɪ ˈ dentɪ ti
| someone’s identity is their name or who they are
| The identity of the killer is still unknown.
|
|
attitude
| n
| ˈ æ tə tjuː d, ˈ æ tɪ tjuː d
| the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something, especially when this is shown in your behaviour
| As soon as they found out I was a doctor, their whole attitude changed.
|
|
defensive
| adj
| dɪ ˈ fensɪ v
| behaving in a way that shows you think someone is criticizing you even if they are not
| There's no need to get so defensive, I was only making a suggestion.
|
|
defiant
| adj
| dɪ ˈ faɪ ə nt
| clearly refusing to do what someone tells you to do
| Mark smashed a fist on the desk in a defiant gesture.
|
|
regression
| n
| rɪ ˈ ɡ reʃ ə n
| the act of returning to an earlier condition that is worse or less developed
| People sometimes experience regression when they are hypnotised.
|
|
interaction
| n
| ˌ ɪ ntə rˈ æ kʃ ə n
| the activity of talking to other people, working together with them etc
| I work from home and miss interaction with other people.
|
|
spark off
| phr v
| spɑ ː k ɒ f
| to be the cause of something, especially trouble or violence
| One small comment sparked off a huge row between them.
|
|
subconscious
| adj
| sʌ b ˈ kɒ nʃ ə s
| subconscious feelings, desires etc are hidden in your mind and affect your behaviour, but you do not know that you have them
| Because I got lost when I was very young, I now have a subconscious fear of being left alone.
|
|
irrelevant
| adj
| ɪ ˈ relə və nt, ɪ ˈ relɪ və nt
| not useful or not relating to a particular situation, and therefore not important
| We’re focussing too much on irrelevant details.
|
|
impact
| n
| ˈ ɪ mpæ kt
| the effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something
| We need to assess the impact on climate change.
|
|
connection
| n
| kə ˈ nekʃ ə n
| the way in which two facts, ideas, events etc are related to each other, and one is affected or caused by the other
| the causal connection between smoking and cancer
|
|
evaluate
| v
| ɪ ˈ væ ljueɪ t
| to judge how good, useful, or successful something is
| You should be able to evaluate your own work.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
occurrence
| n
| ə ˈ kʌ rə ns
| something that happens
| Laughter was a rare occurrence in his classroom.
|
|
differentiate
| v
| ˌ dɪ fə ˈ renʃ ieɪ t
| to recognize or express the difference between things or people
| It’s important to differentiate between fact and opinion.
|
|
act out
| phr v
| æ kt aʊ t
| to express your feelings about something through your behaviour or actions, especially when you have been feeling angry or nervous
| Stop acting out your frustrations from your childhood and just behave like an adult!
|
|
behavioural
| adj
|
bɪ ˈ heɪ vjə rə l
| the things that a person or animal does
| behavioural science
|
|
outburst
| n
| ˈ aʊ tbɜ ː st
| a sudden short increase in an activity
| There was an outburst of cheering when the band came onto the stage.
|
|
lapse
| n
| læ ps
| a short period of time during which you fail to do something well or properly, often caused by not being careful
| Despite the occasional lapse, this was a fine performance by the young saxophonist.
|
|
sensitive
| adj
| ˈ sensə tɪ v, ˈ sensɪ tɪ v
| able to understand other people’s feelings and problems
| a sensitive and intelligent young man
|
|
identify
| v
| aɪ ˈ dentə faɪ, aɪ ˈ dentɪ faɪ
| to feel sympathy with someone or be able to share their feelings
| I'm so different from my parents, I've never really identified with them.
|
|
internalise
| v
| ɪ nˈ tɜ ː nə laɪ z
| if you internalize a particular belief, attitude, behaviour etc, it becomes part of your character
| I don't like talking about emotions -- I tend to internalise them instead.
|
|
overwhelmed
| adj
| ˌ ə ʊ v ə ˈ welmd
| if work or a problem overwhelms someone, it is too much or too difficult to deal with
| I was so overwhelmed with all my homework, I was sure I wouldn't be able to cope.
|
|
accusation
| n
| ˌ æ kjə ˈ zeɪ ʃ ə n, ˌ æ kjʊ ˈ zeɪ ʃ ə n
| a statement saying that someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong
| A number of serious accusations have been made against her.
|
|
harsh
| adj
| hɑ ː ʃ
| severe, cruel, or unkind
| A prison term of 10 years for stealing some eggs seems a bit harsh.
|
|
perceive
| v
| pə ˈ siː v
| to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way
| Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive.
|
|
severe
| adj
| sə ˈ vɪ ə, sɪ ˈ vɪ ə
| severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc are very bad or very serious
| His injuries were quite severe.
|
|
depend on
| phr v
| dɪ ˈ pend ɒ n
| to need the support, help, or existence of someone or something in order to exist, be healthy, be successful etc
| I depended on my mum and dad financially until I was 22.
|
|
scenario
| n
| sə ˈ nɑ ː riə ʊ, sɪ ˈ nɑ ː riə ʊ
| a situation that could possibly happen
| Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job.
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cohesive
| adj
| kə ʊ ˈ hiː sɪ v
| connected or related in a reasonable way to form a whole
| a cohesive community
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limitation
| n
| ˌ lɪ mə ˈ teɪ ʃ ə n, ˌ lɪ mɪ ˈ teɪ ʃ ə n
| the act or process of controlling or reducing something
| Any limitation to the king’s power could be permanent.
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Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
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intense
| adj
| ɪ nˈ tens
| having a very strong effect or felt very strongly
| Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed.
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feel at home
| idm
| fiː l ə t hə ʊ m
| to feel comfortable in a place or with a person
| I feel really at home at my best friend's house; I am always welcome there.
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hit home
| idm
| hɪ t hə ʊ m
| if a remark, criticism etc about you hits home, you realize that it is true
| Graham didn’t reply, but she could see her words had hit home.
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eat out of house and home
| idm
| iː t aʊ t ə v haʊ s ə nd hə ʊ m
| to eat a lot of someone's supply of food, so that they have to buy more - used humorously
| I have three teenage boys and I have to go shopping four times a week -- they eat me out of house and home.
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come home to someone
| idm
| kʌ m hə ʊ m tə ˈ sʌ mwʌ n
| to realise, in a deep or sudden way
| As Annabel got onto the train, it came home to me that I might never see her again.
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feature
| v
| ˈ fiː tʃ ə
| to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part
| The exhibition features paintings by Picasso.
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relate to something
| v phr
| rɪ ˈ leɪ t tə ˌ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ
| if two things relate, they are connected in some way
| That story is related to something I heard on the radio yesterday.
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fragment
| v
| fræ ɡ ˈ ment
| to break something, or be broken into a lot of small separate parts – used to show disapproval
| the dangers of fragmenting the Health Service
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workforce
| n
| ˈ wɜ ː kfɔ ː s
| all the people who work in a particular industry or company, or are available to work in a particular country or area
| Women now represent almost 50% of the workforce.
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belonging
| n
|
bɪ ˈ lɒ ŋ ɪ ŋ
| if something belongs somewhere, that is the right place or situation for it
| It’s important to have a sense of belonging.
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concept
| n
| ˈ kɒ nsept
| an idea of how something is, or how something should be done
| the concept of total patient care
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tough
| adj
| tʌ f
| difficult to do or deal with
| It was a tough race.
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unexpected
| adj
| ˌ ʌ nɪ kˈ spektə d, ˌ ʌ nɪ kˈ spektɪ d
| used to describe something that is surprising because you were not expecting it
| The experiment produced some unexpected results.
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stuff like
| n phr
| stʌ f laɪ k
| used when talking about different activities, subjects, or ideas, when you do not say exactly what these are
| I enjoy skiing and cycling, stuff like that.
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take for granted
| idm
| teɪ k fə ˈ ɡ rɑ ː ntɪ d
| to expect that someone or something will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they are
| It wasn't until I left home that I realised how much I took my family for granted.
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option
| n
| ˈ ɒ pʃ ə n
| a choice you can make in a particular situation
| There are a number of options available.
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Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
uproot
| v
| ʌ pˈ ruː t
| to pull a plant and its roots out of the ground
| He rejected the idea of uprooting himself and moving to America.
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kind of
| phr
| kaɪ nd ə v
| slightly but not exactly, or in some ways
| I’m kind of glad I didn’t win.
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grow apart from
| v phr
| ɡ rə ʊ ə ˈ pɑ ː t frə m
| if people drift or grow apart, their relationship slowly becomes less close
| I've grown apart from my brother -- we rarely see or speak to each other.
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commute
| n
| kə ˈ mjuː t
| the journey to work every day
| My morning commute takes 45 minutes.
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pointless
| adj
| ˈ pɔ ɪ ntlə s
| worthless or not likely to have any useful result
| Life just seemed pointless to me.
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green issue
| n phr
| ɡ riː n ˈ ɪ ʃ uː
| problems related to the environment
| I don't know a lot about green issues like climate change and recycling.
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investigate
| v
| ɪ nˈ vestə ɡ eɪ t, ɪ nˈ vestɪ ɡ eɪ t
| to try to find out the truth about something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem
| The state police are investigating the incident.
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breakthrough
| n
| ˈ breɪ kθ ruː
| an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time
| Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
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pitch (tent)
| v
| pɪ tʃ (tent)
| to put up
| It was the first time we had ever pitched a tent and it took us four hours.
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put something aside
| phr v
| pʊ t ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ ə ˈ saɪ d
| keep to be used later
| Each month I put something aside so I can have a holiday at the end of the year.
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cramped
| adj
| kræ mpt
| a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it
| The kitchen was small and cramped.
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sustainable
| adj
| sə ˈ steɪ nə bə l
| able to continue without causing damage to the environment
| The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture.
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owl
| n
| aʊ l
| a bird with large eyes that hunts at night
| Did you hear that sound outside? I think it was an owl.
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hoot
| v
| huː t
| if a vehicle or ship hoots, it makes a loud clear noise as a warning
| The car behind was hooting at me.
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set up
| phr v
| set ʌ p
| to prepare the equipment that will be needed for an activity so that it is ready to be used
| On my first day at work, everything was set up for me at my desk -- computer, chair, phone, everything.
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shell out
| phr v
| ʃ el aʊ t
| to pay a lot of money for something, especially unwillingly
| I had to shell out a lot to buy my first flat.
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fair enough
| phr
| feə ɪ ˈ nʌ f
| used to say that you agree with someone’s suggestion or that something seems reasonable
| ‘I think we should split the bill. ’ ‘Fair enough. ’
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do one's own thing
| idm
| duː wʌ nz ə ʊ n θ ɪ ŋ
| please yourself
| I like living on my own because I can do my own thing and don't have to worry about upsetting anyone.
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