Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
tricky
| adj
| ˈ trɪ ki
| something that is difficult to deal with or do because it is complicated and full of problems
| I can get you tickets for the show but it’ll be tricky.
|
|
fraught with danger
| adj phr
| frɔ ː t wɪ ð ˈ deɪ ndʒ ə
| full of danger
| Travel in the country is fraught with danger, including robbery, road accidents and illness.
|
|
stranded
| adj
| ˈ stræ ndə d, ˈ stræ ndɪ d
| a person or vehicle that is stranded is unable to move from the place where they are
| Air travellers were left stranded because of icy conditions.
|
|
sleep rough
| idm
| sliː p rʌ f
| to sleep outside with nothing to protect you from the weather, especially because you have no home to live in
| I had no money for a hotel so I had to sleep rough.
|
|
pack in
| phr v
| pæ k ɪ n
| to do a lot in a limited period of time, or fit a lot of information, ideas etc into a limited space
| We packed a lot of sightseeing into two weeks.
|
|
be marooned in the middle of nowhere
| idm
| bi mə ˈ ruː nd ɪ n ð ə ˈ mɪ dl ə v ˈ nə ʊ weə
| to be left in a place where there are no other people and where you cannot escape
| The car broke down and I had no mobile reception -- I was marooned in the middle of nowhere.
|
|
run the risk of
| v phr
| rʌ n ð ə rɪ sk ə v
| to be in a situation where there is a possibility that something bad could happen to you
| If you drink the local tap water, you run the risk of getting ill.
|
|
take time off
| pr v
| teɪ k taɪ m ɒ f
| take a holiday from a job or studies
| I can take some time off next month if you want to go on holiday.
|
|
fend for oneself
| v phr
| fend fə wʌ nˈ self
| to look after yourself without needing help from other people
| As soon as I left home, I had to learn to fend for myself.
|
|
kick oneself for
| idm
| kɪ k wʌ nˈ self fə
| used to say that you are annoyed with yourself because you have done something silly, made a mistake etc
| I kicked myself when I realised I could have bought the jeans cheaper online.
|
|
brighten up
| phr v
| ˈ braɪ tn ʌ p
| to make something lighter or brighter
| I think a new colour on the walls will really brighten up this room.
|
|
souvenir
| n
| ˌ suː və ˈ nɪ ə, ˈ suː və nɪ ə
| an object that you buy or keep to remind yourself of a special occasion or a place you have visited
| I bought a model of the Eiffel Tower as a souvenir of Paris.
|
|
sentimental value
| n phr
| ˌ sentə ˈ mentl ˈ væ ljuː
| valuable based on or relating to your feelings rather than on practical reasons
| My grandma gave me this toy plane. It's not worth anything, but it has lots of sentimental value.
|
|
mass-produced
| adj
| mæ s prə ˈ djuː st
| produced in large numbers using machinery, so that each object is the same and can be sold cheaply
| mass-produced furniture
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
in common with
| phr
| ɪ n ˈ kɒ mə n wɪ ð
| to have the same interests, attitudes etc as someone else
| My husband and I have nothing in common, but somehow our relationship works.
|
|
dodgy
| adj
| ˈ dɒ dʒ i
| not working properly or not in good condition
| Norton Disk Doctor can perform miracles on a dodgy hard disk.
|
|
venture
| n
| ˈ ventʃ ə
| a new business activity that involves taking risks
| We have started a venture selling second-hand books in the market.
|
|
take off (ie success)
| phr v
| teɪ k ɒ f (sə kˈ ses)
| suddenly become a success
| The business took off immediately and we had to employ more staff.
|
|
expand
| v
| ɪ kˈ spæ nd
| if a company, business etc expands, or if someone expands it, they open new shops, factories etc
| We sell dog food, but we're going to expand into dog beds soon.
|
|
lucrative
| adj
| ˈ luː krə tɪ v
| a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money
| He inherited a lucrative business from his father.
|
|
take on a life of its own
| idm
| teɪ k ɒ n eɪ laɪ f ə v ɪ ts ə ʊ n
| if something takes on a life of its own, it seems to move or work by itself
| I advertised the cleaning business locally, and it took on a life of its own. I had customers calling me day and night.
|
|
tight deadline
| n phr
| taɪ t ˈ dedlaɪ n
| a date or time by which you have to do or complete something, which is difficult to achieve
| I'm a journalist so I'm used to working to tight deadlines.
|
|
not all plain sailing
| idm
| nɒ t ɔ ː l pleɪ n ˈ seɪ lɪ ŋ
| not very easy to do or achieve
| Running a café is not plain sailing -- you have to think about ordering food, accounts and employing staff.
|
|
turn down
| phr v
| tɜ ː n daʊ n
| to refuse an offer, request, or invitation
| I turned down this applicant because he doesn't have the right experience.
|
|
split
| n
| splɪ t
| the way in which something, especially money, is shared between several people
| There is a split in our household: my husband looks after the garden and I look after the house.
|
|
expertise
| n
| ˌ ekspɜ ː ˈ tiː z
| special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training
| What he’s bringing to the company is financial expertise.
|
|
brand
| n
| bræ nd
| a type of product made by a particular company, that has a particular name or design
| What brand of detergent do you use?
|
|
strong point
| n phr
| strɒ ŋ pɔ ɪ nt
| a positive quality or feature that something or someone has
| Rupert's strong points are that he is reliable and hard-working.
|
|
crack on with
| phr v
| kræ k ɒ n wɪ ð
| to continue working hard at something in order to finish it
| Stop chatting and start working -- we need to crack on with this!
|
|
think things through
| phr v
| θ ɪ ŋ k θ ɪ ŋ z θ ruː
| to think carefully about the possible results of something
| I didn't take enough time to think things through, which is why the business failed.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
start up
| phr v
| stɑ ː t ʌ p
| if you start up a business, company etc, or it starts up, it begins to exist
| Tax breaks help new companies start up.
|
|
disillusioned
| adj
| ˌ dɪ sə ˈ luː ʒ ə nd, ˌ dɪ sɪ ˈ luː ʒ ə nd
| disappointed because you have lost your belief that someone is good, or that an idea is right
| As she grew older, Laura became increasingly disillusioned with politics.
|
|
tie in with one's values
| idm
| taɪ ɪ n wɪ ð wʌ nz ˈ væ l juː z
| matches one's attitudes and beliefs
| I'd like to work for an environmentally friendly company that ties in with my values.
|
|
reckless
| adj
| ˈ reklə s
| not caring or worrying about the possible bad or dangerous results of your actions
| He was accused of causing death by reckless driving.
|
|
get up and running
| idm
| ɡ et ʌ p ə nd ˈ rʌ nɪ ŋ
| get working
| It didn't take us long to get the business up and running, but it was a long time before we made a profit.
|
|
bags of energy
| n phr
| bæ ɡ z ə v ˈ enə dʒ i
| lots of energy
| Donna gets up at 6 a. m., goes for a run before work, finishes work at 8 p. m. and goes to bed at 2 a. m. She's got bags of energy.
|
|
take the plunge
| idm
| teɪ k ð ə plʌ ndʒ
| to decide to do something important or risky, especially after thinking about it for a long time
| We took the plunge and set up our own business.
|
|
take over
| phr v
| teɪ k ˈ ə ʊ və
| to take control of something
| His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
|
|
messy
| adj
| ˈ mesi
| dirty or untidy
| a messy room
|
|
launch
| v
| lɔ ː ntʃ
| to start something, usually something big or important
| The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150, 000.
|
|
retain
| v
| rɪ ˈ teɪ n
| to keep something or continue to have something
| You have the right to retain possession of the goods.
|
|
maximise
| v
|
ˈ mæ ksə maɪ z
| to use something in a way that gives you the greatest practical value or the best results
| After work I study part-time because I want to maximise my chances of promotion.
|
|
set up
| phr v
| set ʌ p
| to start a company, organization, committee etc
| They want to set up their own import–export business.
|
|
work-life balance
| n phr
| wɜ ː k laɪ f ˈ bæ lə ns
| the ability to give a sensible amount of time and effort to your work and to your life outside work, for example to your family or to other interests
| You can’t have a proper work-life balance if you’re in the office for 12 hours a day.
|
|
practise what one preaches
| idm
| ˈ præ ktə s wɒ t wʌ n ˈ priː tʃ ɪ z
| to do the things that you advise other people to do
| As the boss, I think it's important to practise what I preach, so I never check my work email at the weekend.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
double-edged sword
| idm
| ˌ dʌ bə l ˈ edʒ d sɔ ː d
| something that seems to be good, but that can have a bad effect
| Getting a promotion is a double-edged sword: you get more money, but you also get more stress and responsibilities.
|
|
pop (home)
| v
| pɒ p (hə ʊ m)
| to go somewhere quickly, suddenly, or in a way that you did not expect
| I only work around the corner so I can pop home whenever I like.
|
|
tread on someone's toes
| idm
| tred ɒ n ˈ sʌ mwʌ nz tə ʊ z
| to offend someone, especially by becoming involved in something that they are responsible for
| The new manager is very confident -- she doesn't seem to mind treading on people's toes, does she?
|
|
perception
| n
|
pə ˈ sepʃ ə n
| the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like
| Before I got to know Donald, the perception I had of him was that he was cold and unfriendly.
|
|
client-focused
| adj
| ˈ klaɪ ə nt ˈ fə ʊ kə st
| paying careful attention to the customer
| Our customer service staff must be client-focused so that our customers remain happy.
|
|
cross paths
| idm
| krɒ s pɑ ː ð z
| if two people's paths cross, they meet by chance
| I first crossed paths with Enid at a training seminar.
|
|
embark on
| v
| ɪ mˈ bɑ ː k ɒ n
| to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting
| I was 40 before I finally decided to embark on a career as a writer.
|
|
retail
| n
| ˈ riː teɪ l
| the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else
| a manager with twenty years’ experience in the retail business
|
|
stumble across
| phr v
| ˈ stʌ mbə l ə ˈ krɒ s
| to find or discover something by chance and unexpectedly
| They stumbled across the idea when they realised the product they needed did not exist.
|
|
spill over
| phr v
| spɪ l ˈ ə ʊ və
| if a problem or bad situation spills over, it spreads and begins to affect other places, people etc
| The conflict might spill over into neighbouring towns.
|
|
run something past someone
| idm
| rʌ n ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ pɑ ː st ˈ sʌ mwʌ n
| to tell someone something so that they can give you their opinion
| I need a second opinion -- can I just run this idea past you?
|
|
launch
| v
| lɔ ː ntʃ
| to start something, usually something big or important
| The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150, 000.
|
|
take a gamble
| idm
| teɪ k eɪ ˈ ɡ æ mbə l
| start an action or plan that involves a risk but that you hope will succeed
| I'm not brave enough to take a gamble so I'm going to continue working for someone else.
|
|
leap at (an idea)
| v
| liː p ə t (ə n aɪ ˈ dɪ ə )
| to accept an opportunity very eagerly
| When my brother asked me if I wanted to work for him, I leapt at the idea.
|
|
be measured (in a reply)
| v
| bi ˈ meʒ ə d (ɪ n eɪ rɪ ˈ plaɪ )
| if you do something in a measured way, you do it in a careful and controlled way, not in an excited or sudden way
| I don't like to rush things, I am very measured when someone asks my opinion.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
recipe for disaster
| idm
| ˈ resə pi fə dɪ ˈ zɑ ː stə
| very likely to end badly
| Nell and Zara are disorganised and argue all the time, so it was recipe for disaster when they started a business.
|
|
play it safe
| idm
| pleɪ ɪ t seɪ f
| to behave in a particular way in a situation, in order to achieve the result or effect that you want
| In the first year of our business, I think we should play it safe rather than spending lots of money.
|
|
raise funds
| v phr
| reɪ z fʌ ndz
| to collect money that you can use to do a particular job or help people
| If we need to raise funds, we can ask the bank for a loan.
|
|
break into (a market)
| phr v
| breɪ k ˈ ɪ ntə (eɪ ˈ mɑ ː kɪ t)
| to become involved in a new job or business activity
| Lots of companies want to break into the China market because it's so big.
|
|
takeover
| n
| ˈ teɪ kˌ ə ʊ və
| when one company takes control of another by buying more than half its shares
| Thornbury has announced a takeover bid of a regional TV company.
|
|
shareholder
| n
| ˈ ʃ eə ˌ hə ʊ ldə
| someone who owns shares in a company or business
| Shareholders have been told to expect an even lower result next year.
|
|
feedback
| n
| ˈ fiː dbæ k
| advice, criticism etc about how successful or useful something is
| How can I provide feedback without making someone angry?
|
|
turnover
| n
| ˈ tɜ ː nˌ ə ʊ və
| the amount of business done during a particular period
| The illicit drugs industry has an annual turnover of some £ 200 billion.
|
|
downturn
| n
| ˈ daʊ ntɜ ː n
| a period or process in which business activity, production etc is reduced and conditions become worse
| America’s current economic downturn
|
|
get down to (business)
| phr v
| ɡ et daʊ n tə (ˈ bɪ znə s)
| to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy
| If we're all agreed on the plan, let's get down to business.
|
|
put (something) down to
| phr v
| pʊ t (sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ ) daʊ n tə
| to think that something is caused by something else
| I put the company's success down to your hard work.
|
|
option
| n
| ˈ ɒ pʃ ə n
| a choice you can make in a particular situation
| There are a number of options available.
|
|
facilitate
| v
| fə ˈ sɪ lə teɪ t, fə ˈ sɪ lɪ teɪ t
| to make it easier for a process or activity to happen
| Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.
|
|
in recognition of
| phr
| ɪ n ˌ rekə ɡ ˈ nɪ ʃ ə n ə v
| public respect and thanks for someone's work or achievements
| We would like to pay you a bonus in recognition of your hard work.
|
|
high-powered
| adj
| ˌ haɪ ˈ paʊ ‿ ə d
| very important or successful
| My dream is to be a high-powered politician, maybe even prime minister.
|
|
associate something with
| v phr
| ə ˈ sə ʊ ʃ ieɪ t ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ wɪ ð
| to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another
| Fast food isn't often associated with good health.
|
|
sceptical
| adj
| ˈ skeptɪ kə l
| tending to disagree with what other people tell you
| I’m extremely sceptical about what I read in the press.
|
|
unconvinced
| adj
| ˌ ʌ nkə nˈ vɪ nst
| not persuaded that something is true or good
| I remain unconvinced that the idea will work.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
see what the fuss was about
| idm
| siː wɒ t ð ə fʌ s wə z ə ˈ baʊ t
| understand the attention or excitement something/someone is creating
| Now I have a smart phone, I can see what all the fuss is about.
|
|
get hooked
| v
| ɡ et hʊ kt
| if you get hooked on something, you enjoy it very much and you want to do it as often as possible
| I started running when I was 17 and I got hooked -- I run every day.
|
|
do well out of something
| phr v
| duː wel aʊ t ə v ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ
| to be successful because of something, especially in work or business
| My cousin has done very well out of his business and has just bought his first car.
|
|
make a small fortune out of
| idm
| meɪ k eɪ smɔ ː l ˈ fɔ ː tʃ ə n aʊ t ə v
| earn a large amount of money
| I've made a small fortune out of selling my CDs and I have enough money to buy a house.
|
|
burnt out
| adj
| bɜ ː nt aʊ t
| to work so hard over a period of time that you become unable to continue working because you are tired, ill, or unable to think of any new ideas
| After five years working 12 hours a day, 6 days a week, I was completely burnt out.
|
|
low-key
| adj
| ˌ lə ʊ ˈ kiː
| not intended to attract a lot of attention to an event, subject, or thing
| They want the funeral to be as low-key as possible.
|
|
worthwhile
| adj
| ˌ wɜ ː θ ˈ waɪ l
| if something is worthwhile, it is important or useful, or you gain something from it
| He wanted to do a worthwhile job.
|
|
mindset
| n
| ˈ maɪ ndset
| someone’s general attitude, and the way in which they think about things and make decisions
| The company seems to have a very old-fashioned mindset.
|
|
logical step
| n phr
| ˈ lɒ dʒ ə kə l step
| sensible or practical stage in a process
| Our office is very full so the next logical step is to move to somewhere bigger.
|
|
meditation
| n
| ˌ medə ˈ teɪ ʃ ə n, ˌ medɪ ˈ teɪ ʃ ə n
| the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons
| Yoga involves breathing exercises, stretching and meditation.
|
|
philanthropic
| adj
| ˌ fɪ lə nˈ θ rɒ pɪ k
| a philanthropic person or institution gives money and help to people who are poor or in trouble
| Working as a volunteer is not just philanthropic, I also get lots of useful experience.
|
|
from someone's perspective
| idm
| frə m ˌ sʌ mwʌ nz pə ˈ spektɪ v
| a person's way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences
| You may think you're being logical, but from my perspective you're being unkind.
|
|
roll out something to
| phr v
| rə ʊ l aʊ t ˈ sʌ mθ ɪ ŋ tə
| to make a new product available for people to buy or use
| The new sandwich has been a success locally so now we're rolling it to the national market.
|
|
turn up
| phr v
| tɜ ː n ʌ p
| to arrive at a place, especially in a way that is unexpected
| Please do not turn up late the meeting -- you won't be allowed in.
|
|
intuitive
| adj
| ɪ nˈ tjuː ə tɪ v, ɪ nˈ tjuː ɪ tɪ v
| an intuitive idea is based on a feeling rather than on knowledge or facts
| He seemed to have an intuitive awareness of how I felt.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
incorporate
| v
| ɪ nˈ kɔ ː pə reɪ t
| to include something as part of a group, system, plan etc
| We’ve incorporated many environmentally friendly features into the design of the building.
|
|
cut-throat
| adj
| ˈ kʌ tθ rə ʊ t
| a cut-throat activity or business involves people competing with each other in an unpleasant way
| Cut-throat competition is keeping prices low.
|
|
prevail
| v
| prɪ ˈ veɪ l
| if a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time
| the economic conditions which prevail in England and Wales
|
|
best of both worlds
| idm
| best ə v bə ʊ θ wɜ ː ldz
| a situation in which you have the advantages of two different things without any of the disadvantages
| I work part-time and have the best of both worlds -- I can spent time with my young children, but I can also continue in my career.
|
|
hunched
| adj
| hʌ ntʃ t
| to bend down and forwards so that your back forms a curve
| a hunched figure sitting by the fire
|
|
oblivious
| adj
| ə ˈ blɪ viə s
| not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you
| He seemed oblivious to the fact that he had hurt her.
|
|
under no circumstance
| phr
| ˈ ʌ ndə nə ʊ ˈ sɜ ː kə mstæ ns
| used to emphasize that something must definitely not happen
| Under no circumstances can you use company computers for personal emails.
|
|
competitive
| adj
| kə mˈ petə tɪ v, kə mˈ petɪ tɪ v
| determined or trying very hard to be more successful than other people or businesses
| Some US industries are not as competitive as they have been in the past.
|
|
tucked away
| adj
| tʌ kt ə ˈ weɪ
| to store something, especially money, in a safe place
| I always keep some painkillers tucked away in my handbag, in case I get a headache.
|
|
only a stone's throw
| idm
| ˈ ə ʊ nli eɪ stə ʊ nz θ rə ʊ
| very close to something
| The park is only a stone's throw from my house, so I go running there every day.
|
|
nondescript
| adj
| ˈ nɒ ndə ˌ skrɪ pt, ˈ nɒ ndɪ ˌ skrɪ pt
| someone or something that is nondescript looks very ordinary and is not at all interesting or unusual
| a rather nondescript suburban house
|
|
stumble
| v
| ˈ stʌ mbə l
| to hit your foot against something or put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running, so that you almost fall
| In her hurry, she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor.
|
|
fumble about
| phr v
| ˈ fʌ mbə l ə ˈ baʊ t
| to try to hold, move, or find something with your hands in an awkward way
| He did a lot of fumbling about, but I'm not sure he fixed the cooker.
|
|
good-natured
| adj
| ɡ ʊ d ˈ neɪ tʃ ə d
| naturally kind and helpful and not easily made angry
| This is a very good-natured dog. He just wants to be friends with everyone.
|
|
intriguing
| adj
| ɪ nˈ triː ɡ ɪ ŋ
| something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected
| The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of high fashion, gossip and racing.
|
|
Word
| Part of speech
| Pron
| Definition
| Example
| Unit
|
a wealth of
| phr
| eɪ welθ ə v
| a lot of something useful or good
| When I went to Italy for the first time, I discovered a wealth of delicious food.
|
|
steep
| adj
| stiː p
| steep prices, charges etc are unusually expensive
| How much? That's a bit steep, isn't it?
|
|
by any stretch of the imagination
| idm
| baɪ ˈ eni stretʃ ə v ð ə ɪ ˌ mæ dʒ ə ˈ neɪ ʃ ə n
| used to emphasize that a negative statement is true
| The bags weren't very cheap, by any stretch of the imagination.
|
|
mediocre
| adj
| ˌ miː diˈ ə ʊ kə
| not very good
| I thought the book was pretty mediocre.
|
|
deafening
| adj
| ˈ defə nɪ ŋ
| very loud
| a deafening roar
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exorbitant
| adj
| ɪ ɡ ˈ zɔ ː bə tə nt, ɪ ɡ ˈ zɔ ː bɪ tə nt
| an exorbitant price, amount of money etc is much higher than it should be
| exorbitant rates of interest
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cramped
| adj
| kræ mpt
| a cramped room, building etc does not have enough space for the people in it
| The kitchen was small and cramped.
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offhand
| adj
| ˌ ɒ fˈ hæ nd
| not very friendly towards someone when you are talking to them
| She said you were a bit offhand with her this afternoon.
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quirky
| adj
| ˈ kwɜ ː ki
| unusual, especially in an interesting way
| I like his quirky sense of humour.
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nibble
| v
| ˈ nɪ bə l
| to eat small amounts of food by taking very small bites
| He nibbled the biscuit cautiously.
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insubstantial
| adj
| ˌ ɪ nsə bˈ stæ nʃ ə l
| not solid, large, strong, or definite
| The evidence seemed very insubstantial.
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packed out
| adj
| pæ kt aʊ t
| a cinema, restaurant etc that is packed out is completely full of people
| I don't understand why the café is always packed out because the food is terrible.
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feel you don't belong
| idm
| fiː l jə də ʊ nt bɪ ˈ lɒ ŋ
| if you feel you belong in a place or situation, you feel happy and comfortable in it, because you have the same interests and ideas as other people
| For the first couple of weeks in my new job, I felt I didn't belong.
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despise
| v
| dɪ ˈ spaɪ z
| to dislike and have a low opinion of someone or something
| She despised her neighbours.
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get rid of
| phr v
| ɡ et rɪ d ə v
| to throw away or destroy something you do not want any more
| When I left home, my mum got rid of all my old toys without telling me.
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basics
| pl n
| ˈ beɪ sɪ ks
| the most important and necessary facts about something, from which other possibilities and ideas may develop
| the basics of French grammar
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make ends meet
| idm
| meɪ k endz miː t
| to have only just enough money to buy the things you need
| When Mike lost his job, we could barely make ends meet.
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uneasy
| adj
| ʌ nˈ iː zi
| worried or slightly afraid because you think that something bad might happen
| Ninety percent of those questioned felt uneasy about nuclear power.
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transform
| v
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træ nsˈ fɔ ː m
| to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it
| A new haircut and you've been transformed from a girl into a woman!
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