Key terms

ActaDiurna – a newspaper in Caesar’s time, and written on a tablet

Corantos –an early one page newspaper sheet on specific events, printed in English but published in Holland and imported into England by British booksellers.

Diurnals – true forerunners of our daily newspaper

broadsides (broadsheets ) – a single-sheet announcements or accounts of events imported from England

Bill of Rights – the first 10 amendments to the Constitution

First Amendment reads: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances”.

Alien and Sedition Acts – a group of four laws passed by Congress

penny press – one-cent newspapers for everyone

wire services – an innovation, with its assignment of correspondents to both foreign and domestic bureaus.

yellow journalism – a study in excess – sensational sex, crime, and disaster news; giant headlines; heavy use of illustrations; and reliance on cartoons and color.

newspaper chains – papers in different cities across the country owned by a single company.

pass-along readership – readers who did not originally purchase the paper

crowdfunded journalism – journalists pitch stories to readers who contribute small amounts of money to those they want to see completed

zoned editions – suburban or regional versions of the paper

ethnic press –an African American papers

alternative press –another type of paper, most commonly a weekly and available at no cost

commuter papers – free dailies designed for commuters are becoming commonplace in America’s biggest cities

feature syndicates – the feature services, do not gather and distribute news

joint operating agreement (JOA) – permits a failing paper to merge most aspects of its business with a successful local competitor as long as their editorial and reporting operations remain separate.

paywall – is making all or some of their content available only to those visitors willing to pay

integrated audience reach –the total number of readers of the print edition plus those unduplicated Web readers who access the paper only online.

soft news – sensational storiesthat do not serve the democratic function of journalism

hard news – stories that help citizens to make intelligent decisions and keep up with important issues of the day

agenda setting – the way newspapers and other media influence not only what we think but what we think about

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