Lesson 1. Bodies of Law

Lesson 1

Bodies of Law

Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible.

Match these bodies of law (1-3) with their definitions (a-c).

1 civil law 2 common law 3 criminal law

a. a area of the law which deals with crimes and their punishments. Including fines and/or imprisonment (also penal law) b. 1) legal system developed from Roman codified law, established by a state for its regulation: 2) area of the law concerned with non-criminal matters, rights and remedies c. legal system which is the foundation of the legal systems of most of the English-speaking countries of the world, based on customs, usage and court decisions (also case law, judge-made law)

2. Complete the text below contrasting civil law, common law and criminal law using the words in the box.

based on non-criminal bound by codified custom disputes precedents provisions rulings legislations

The term 'civil law' contrasts with both 'common law' and 'criminal law'. In the first sense of the term, civil law refers to a body of law 1)………… written legal codes derived from fundamental normative principles. Legal 2) ……….. are settled by reference to this code, which has been arrived at through 3) ………….. Judges are 4) ……….. the written law and its 5)…….

In contrast, common law was originally developed through 6) ………….. at a time before laws were written down. Common law is based on 7)…………….. created by judicial decisions, which means that past 8) ……… are taken into consideration when cases are decided. It should be noted that today common law is also 9) ………… i. e. in written form.

In the second sense of the term, civil law is distinguished from criminal law, and refers to the body of law dealing with 10) …………. matters, such as breach of contract.

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