CULTIVATION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND P. PULMONARIUS ON SPENT BREWER'S GRAIN AND TEQUILA MAGUEY BAGASSE

M. Lara, A. Arias and L. Villaseñ or

Laboratorio de Biotecnologí a, Departamento de Botá nica y Zoologí a, Universidad de Guadalajara

Apartado Postal 1-139, Zapopan 45101, Jalisco, Mé xico. < aarias@cucba. udg. mx>

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the culture of two strains of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (IBUG-8) and P. pulmonarius (IBUG-4) using beer masilla (spent brewer's grain) alone and the beer masilla mixed with maguey tequila bagasse. In the laboratory phase, a greater growth rate and biomass production resulted with the masilla than with malt extract agar (MEA). By increasing the concentration of the beer masilla from 10 to 50% both strains grew faster: from 3. 2±0. 7 to 3. 9±0. 9 mm/day for IBUG-4, and 3. 4±0. 5 to 3. 9±0. 2 mm/day for IBUG-8, compared to 2. 8±0. 2 mm/day for IBUG-4 and 3. 7±0. 5 for IBUG-8 with MEA. In the field phase, the masilla: bagasse mixture produced earliest fruiting -22 days- for IBUG-4 at 1: 1, and 16 days for IBUG-8 at 1: 3. Biological efficiencies were as follows: for IBUG-4 - 29. 2% (1: 1), 51. 5% (1: 3) and 69. 1% (0: 1); for strain IBUG-8 - 25. 9% (1: 1), 57. 2 (1: 3) and 68. 3% (0: 1). The production rate for both the strains was from 0. 401% to 0. 72% with the 0: 1 mixture.

INTRODUCTION

Pleurotus spp. production in Mexico has increased from 356 tons of mushrooms in 1990 to 1825 tons in 1997 (Sobal et al. 1997). Maguey tequila bagasse and sugarcane bagasse have been used in the cultivation of Pleurotus species, with biological efficiencies of 65 % and 42-51% respectively (Guzmá n-Dá valos et al. 1987a and b). Other substrates are more productive, such a cardamom pulp, which has a biological efficiency of 114% (Morales 1987), water hyacinth, (BE 140 to 150 %, De Leon-Chocooj et al. 1993), and coffee pulp, ( BE 159 %; Martí nez-Carrera 1987).

One strategy to increase production involves mixing two substrates. Maguey tequila bagasse has been mixed with wheat straw, or with residue from discarded office paper (Soto-Velazco et al. 1989, Villaseñ or and Soto-Velazco 1995).

Masilla (spent brewer's grain) is a residue that is obtained in beer production; it contains cells of Saccharomyces cereviceae, and associated crude grains. Crampton and Harris (1969), found that masilla contains 26% protein, 6. 3% fat, 15% crude fiber, 3. 6% ash and 41. 4% free nitrogen extract. For the production of one liter of beer, 0. 153 kg of masilla is generated.

Maguey tequila bagasse is a by-product of the tequila industry left after the extracting of juice from the “heads” of the maguey plant Agave tequilana. Approximately 0. 98 kg of maguey is required for processing a liter of 100% agave tequila, and between 55 and 60 kg of bagasse (Soto-Velazco et al. 1991) is generated as waste in the process. During 1996 almost 3, 300 tons of maguey tequila bagasse was discarded monthly (Camara Regional de la industria del Tequila [CRT] 1996). Tequila production has had a vertiginous increase in recent years, from 78. 5 million liters in 1989 to 190. 6 million liters in 1999. Of the total, 97. 3 million liters were exported and 93. 3 million liters were available for national consumption (CRT 1999).

Maguey tequila bagasse is considered to be a good material for the growth and production of

Pleurotus, Lentinula and Ganoderma species (Soto-Velazco et al. 1989, Guzmá n-Dá valos et al. 1987a, b, Soto-Velazco et al. 1995, Rodriguez et al. 1999). Masilla has been used as food for birds (Boushy and Poel 1994) and livestock; nevertheless, its use as a substrate in edible mushroom production has not been previously reported.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, both in laboratory and field phases, the culture of two strains of the edible mushroom Pleurotus spp using the beer masilla (spent brewer's grain) alone and beer masilla mixed with maguey tequila bagasse as substrates.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

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