Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE?

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Africa

TASK 1

Answer all questions about Africa

exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu

Africa is bordered by two oceans and a sea.

1. Which ocean borders Africa to the west?

2. Which ocean borders Africa to the east?

3. Which sea borders Africa to the north?

4. What is the primary language in Africa?

TASK 2 Reading and comprehension:

reading

AFRICA

Africa is the world’s second largest continent (next to Asia) in both area

and population. Its area of 11,699,000 square miles is more than three

times the size of the United States, and its 1990 population of 642 million

made up 12 percent of the world’s total. Africa encompasses over fifty

nations, ranging in size from Nigeria (with a population of more than 120

million) to small island countries such as Cape Verde (population

424,000). Africa is commonly divided into two regions delineated by the

Sahara Desert, which runs through northern Africa. The countries north of

the Sahara are generally considered more developed than those in sub-

Saharan Africa, where most of the continent’s population resides. With an

estimated one thousand different languages spoken and at least as many

distinct ethnic groups, Africa is perhaps the most linguistically and

ethnically diverse of all the world’s continents.Two hundred ethnic groups

have at least half a million people; no single group accounts for more than

five percent of Africa’s total population.

For much of history, non-Africans have referred to Africa— especially sub-

Saharan Africa—as the “Dark Continent.”This was a reflection of European

and American ignorance of Africa’s interior geography and rich cultural

and political history. Europeans established trading posts on Africa’s

coasts beginning in the late 1400s and over the next centuries developed

an extensive trade with the peoples they encountered—a trade that

included the exportation of African slaves to New World colonies.

However, due to disease, topography, and African resistance, lit- tle

European exploration or penetration of Africa’s large interior was done

until the nineteenth century. “Kept on the fringes of Africa, and ignorant

of it,” writes historian Robert Garfield, “Europeans turned the situation

around and assumed it was Africans who were isolated. They thus created

the myth of the ‘Dark Continent,’ though the darkness was only in

European minds.” Europe’s rush to colonize Africa in the nineteenth

century was motivated in part by a quest to “enlighten” African peoples

with European religion and civilization.

In contemporary times Africa has remained a “Dark Continent” for many

not because of geographic isolation or foreign ignorance, but because of

the frequent humanitarian disasters and political misfortunes that have

brought global attention to the region. “The next time you read about

Africa in the news,” writes Liberian journalist C.William Allen, “it will most

likely be in a story about a military coup d’etat, political corruption, [or] a

catastrophe of major proportions.” Sub-Saharan Africa, which contains a

tenth of the world’s people, is the location of half the planet’s wars and

refugees and most of its famines. In the 1990s alone Africans have

suffered through continuing war in Angola, a collapse of government,

ethnic conflict, and starvation in Somalia, slavery and war in Sudan,

genocide and massive refugee flows in Rwanda, a brutal civil war in

Liberia, and political repression and corruption in many other countries.

Even in nations that have escaped major wars or famines, Africans have

been faced with a steady decline in their quality of life as measured by

poverty rates, school enrollments, per capita incomes, and life

expectancies.

William Dudley. "Introduction." Opposing Viewpoints: Africa. Ed. William Dudley. San Diego:

Greenhaven Press, 1999. August 2004. 16 December 2008. <http://www.enotes.com/africaarticle/