VEDANTA-SUTRAS WITH RAMANUJA'S SRÎBHASHYA 54 страница

20. And thus Perception and Inference show.

That the energies connected with the rule of the entire world are exclusive attributes of the highest Person, Scripture and Smriti alike declare. Compare scriptural texts such as 'From fear of him the wind blows,' &c. (Taitt. Up. II, 8, 1); 'By the command of that Imperishable one sun and moon stand, held apart' (Bri. Up. III, 9); 'He is the lord of all, the king of all beings, the protector of all beings' (Bri. Up. IV, 4, 22). And Smriti texts such as 'With me as Supervisor, Prakriti brings forth the Universe of the movable and the immovable, and for this reason the world ever moves round'; 'Pervading this entire Universe by a portion of mine I do abide' (Bha. Gî. IX, 10; X, 42). Scripture and Smriti likewise declare that of the bliss which is enjoyed by the released soul the highest Person alone is the cause -- 'For he alone causes blessedness' (Taitt. Up. II, 7); 'He who serves me with unswerving devotion, surpasses these qualities and is fitted for becoming one with Brahman. For I am the abode of Brahman, of infinite immortality, of everlasting virtue, and of absolute bliss' (Bha. Gî. XIV, 26-27). The exalted qualities of the soul -- freedom from evil and sin and so on -- which manifest themselves in the state of Release no doubt belong to the soul's essential nature; but that the soul is of such a nature fundamentally depends on the Supreme Person, and on him also depends the permanency of those qualities; they are permanent in so far as the Lord himself on whom they depend is permanent. It is in the same way that all the things which constitute the means of enjoyment and sport on the part of the Lord are permanent in so far as the Lord himself is permanent. It thus appears that the equality to the Lord which the released soul may claim does not extend to the world-ruling energies.

21. And on account of the indication of the equality of enjoyment only.

The previous conclusion is confirmed by the further fact that the text directly teaches the released soul to be equal to Brahman in so far only as enjoying direct insight into the true nature of Brahman. 'He reaches all objects of desire, together with the all-knowing Brahman' (Taitt. Up. II, 1, 1). -- The conclusion thus is that we have to shape our ideas as to the powers of the released soul in accordance with what the texts say as to the Lord only possessing the power of ruling and controlling the entire world, and that hence the latter power cannot be attributed to the soul. -- But if the powers of the released soul altogether depend on the Lord, it may happen that He, being independent in all his doings, may will the released soul to return into the Sawsara. -- Of this doubt the next Sutra disposes.

22. Non-return, according to Scripture; non-return, according to Scripture.

We know from Scripture that there is a Supreme Person whose nature is absolute bliss and goodness; who is fundamentally antagonistic to all evil; who is the cause of the origination, sustentation, and dissolution of the world; who differs in nature from all other beings, who is all- knowing, who by his mere thought and will accomplishes all his purposes; who is an ocean of kindness as it were for all who depend on him; who is all-merciful; who is immeasurably raised above all possibility of any one being equal or superior to him; whose name is the _highest Brahman_. And with equal certainty we know from Scripture that this Supreme Lord, when pleased by the faithful worship of his Devotees -- which worship consists in daily repeated meditation on Him, assisted by the performance of all the practices prescribed for each caste and asrama -- frees them from the influence of Nescience which consists of karman accumulated in the infinite progress of time and hence hard to overcome; allows them to attain to that supreme bliss which consists in the direct intuition of His own true nature: and after that does not turn them back into the miseries of Samsara. The text distinctly teaching this is 'He who behaves thus all his life through reaches the world of Brahman and does not return' (Ch. Up. VIII, 15). And the Lord himself declares 'Having obtained me great-souled men do not come into rebirth, the fleeting abode of misery; for they have reached the highest perfection. Up to the world of Brahma the worlds return again, O Arjuna; but having attained to me, O son of Kunti, there is no rebirth' (Bha. Gi. VIII, 1, 5-16). As, moreover, the released soul has freed itself from the bondage of karman, has its powers of knowledge fully developed, and has all its being in the supremely blissful intuition of the highest Brahman, it evidently cannot desire anything else nor enter on any other form of activity, and the idea of its returning into the Samsara therefore is altogether excluded. Nor indeed need we fear that the Supreme Lord when once having taken to himself the Devotee whom he greatly loves will turn him back into the Samsara. For He himself has said, 'To the wise man I am very dear, and dear he is to me. Noble indeed are all these, but the wise man I regard as my very Self. For he, with soul devoted, seeks me only as his highest goal. At the end of many births the wise man goes to me, thinking all is Vasudeva. Such great-souled men are rarely met with' (Bha. Gî. VII, 17-19). -- The repetition of the words of the Sutra indicates the conclusion of this body of doctrine. Thus everything is settled to satisfaction. -- Here terminates the adhikarana of 'with the exception of the world-energies.'

Here terminates the fourth pada of the fourth adhyaya of the commentary on the Sarîraka Mîmamsa, composed by the reverend teacher Ramanuja. This completes the fourth adhyaya, and the whole work; and the entire body of doctrine is thus brought to a conclusion.

INDEX OF SANSKRIT WORDS

amsa, part,

akshara, the Imperishable,

akhyati, the view that the attribute of one thing appears as that of another,

Agnirahasya, chapter in the Vajasaneyaka (Sat. Bra. X),

Agnividya, knowledge of the Fires (i.e. Ch. Up. IV, 11-13),

agnihotra,

aghatikarman,

anga, subordinate matter,

angin, principal matter,

ajada, intelligent,

ajadatva, intelligence,

aja,'the unborn' principle, goat,

ajñana, non-knowledge, Nescience,

ajiva, non-soul,

anu, of atomic size,

atigraha,

ativadin, one who makes a final supreme declaration,

Aditi, the individual soul,

adrishta, supersensuous, transcendental, the unseen principle

advitîya, without a second,

advaita-vadin,

advaitin, he who holds the view of non-duality,

adharma, demerit,

adhikarana, chapter, passim.

adhipati, sense-organ,

adhyayana, learning,

adhyavasaya, the deciding,

adhyasa, superimposition,

anavasada, freedom from dejection,

anatmatva, absence of selfhood,

anarabdhakarya, (works) the effects of which have not yet begun,

aniruddha, principle of egoity,

anirvakaniyata, inexplicability,

anirvakaniyatva,

anirvakaniyata-vadin,

anîsa,

anukula, agreeable,

anuddharsha, absence of exultation,

anupalabdhi, non-perception,

anubhuti, consciousness,

anumati, favour, permission,

anumana, inference,

anuvada, reference to what is established by other means, explanatory comment,

anusaya, remainder,

anusmriti, recognition,

anrita, untrue,

antahkarana, internal organ,

antaram, difference, interval, break,

antariksha, ether, atmosphere,

antaryamin, the inner Ruler,

antaryami-brahmana,

anna, food,

anvaya, connexion, presence,

apara, secondary, lowest,

aparokshatva, being that which does not transcend the senses,

apana,

apurushartha, non-advantageous,

apurva, unprecedented, new, the supersensuous result of an action which later on produces the sensible result,

apratisahkhya,

abhava, absence of something, non-existence,

abhimana, misconception,

abhivimana,

abheda, non-distinction,

amurta, undefined,

amrita,

amauna, non-mauna (see mauna),

arthavada, an additional statement,

arthapatti,

avagati, consciousness,

avatara, incarnation,

avidya, Nescience,

avivakya, (day of Soma sacrifice),

avyakta, the Unevolved,

avyakritam, unevolved matter,

asvatva, generic character of horses,

asatkarya,

asatkaryavada, the theory that the effect does not exist before its origination,

asatkhyati, the view that the non-existing appears as existing,

asatya, untrue,

astikaya, existing body,

ahamkartri, organ of Egoity,

ahamkara, the 'I,' egoity,

aham, 'I,' a secret name of Brahman,

ahar, a secret name of Brahman,

ahîna, class of sacrifices,

akanksha, expectancy,

akasa, ether,

akara, conduct,

atmakhyati, the view that the Self appears as a thing,

atman, Self,

atmabhava, own being,

Aditya, Sun,

adesa, instruction,

ananda, bliss,

anandamaya, consisting of bliss,

anumana, object of inference,

anumanika, to be inferred,

abhasa, appearance,

arambhana that which is taken or touched,

arambhana-adhikarana,

Arhata, a Jaina,

alambhana,

asrama, stage of life,

asrava, influx,

itikartavyata, mode of procedure,

indriya, sense-organ,

îksh, to think,

îsvara, the Lord,

utpatti, being originated,

udana,

udgatri,

udgîtha,

udgîtha-vidya,

unmana, measure,

upakurvana, a Brahmakarin who has completed his course of study and becomes a householder,

Upakosala-vidya,

upalakshana, secondary mark,

upasad, certain offerings,

upadana, material cause,

upadhi, limiting adjunct,

upas, to meditate,

upasana, meditation,

uha, a kind of cognitional activity,

rita,

ekavakyatva, syntactical unity,

aisvarya, lordly power, superior existence,

om, omkara, the syllable Om, aupadhika, limiting adjuncts,

karana, instrument, activity, action, the instrumental case,

karmakanda,

karman, action, works, good and evil deeds,

karma-bhavana,

karma-mîmamsa,

kalpa, world period,

kalpaka, the shaping agent,

kalpana, formation, i.e.creation,

kalyana, virtuous conduct,

kapala, skull,

kama, desired thing,

karya, thing to be done,

kala, time,

Kundapayinam ayanam,

kriti, action,

kaivalya, isolation,

kriya, action, works,

kshetrajña, embodied soul,

khanda, a piece,

khyati,

gati, the going,

guna, quality, attribute, secondary matter, details,

godohana, a sacrificial vessel,

graha,

ghanî-bhuta, concreted,

ghatikarman,

kfaturmukha, four-faced,

kamasa, cup,

karana, conduct, works,

kitta, mind,

kid-rupa, essentially intelligent,

kinta, thinking,

kaitanya, intelligence,

kaitta, mental,

gada, non-intelligent,

gati, generic character,

giva, individual soul,

gîva atma, living Self,

givaghana,

givanmukta, released in this life,

gîvanmukti, release in this life,

gña., knower,

gñatri, knower,

gñana., knowledge, consciousness, pl. forms of knowledge,

tajjalan,

tatkratuh, according to what his thought is,

tattva of the Sankhyas,

tat tvam asi,

tanu, body,

tan-maya, consisting of that,

tanmatra, the subtle matter,

tapas, austerity,

tamas, darkness,

tarka, ratiocination,

tukch, futile,

tejas, fire or heat,

taijasa, active,

tyat, that,

dama,

dahara-vidya,

daharakasa, small ether,

dîksha, initiatory ceremony,

devamaya,

desa, place,

dosha, imperfection, a».

dravya, substance,

dvadasaha, the twelve days' sacrifice,

dviparardha,

dvîpa, island,

dvaita, duality,

dvaitavadin, (the Vaiseshika) who holds the view of duality,

dharma, attribute,

dhyana, devout meditation,

dhyana-vidhi,

dhyai, to meditate or to know,

nadî, vein,

nada, tone,

namadheya, name,

nitya, permanent,

nityanityavastuviveka,

nididhyasana, meditation,

nididhyasitavya, to be meditated upon,

nimitta, cause,

niyoga, i.e. apurva, supersensuous result of an action which later on products the sensible result,

niranvaya, absolute,

nirupakhya, non-entity,

nirjara, decay,

nirvikalpaka, non-determinate,

Nishada-sthapati,

nivara, wild rice,

naimittika, contingent,

naishhthika, a perpetual religious student observing the vow of chastity,

pañkaganah, 'five-people,'

pañkagni-vidya,

pada, word,

padartha, a thing,

para, highest,

paramatman, higher Self,

paramesara, highest Lord,

parinama, modification,

paryaya, particular states of substances

pañditya, learning,

pariplava, a performance of the Asvamedha sacrifice,

parivrajaka, an ascetic,

parivrajya, the wandering about as a mendicant,

putika, a plant,

pudgala, body,

purusha soul,

purushavakas, to he designated by the term 'man,'

purusha-vidya,

purushottama, the highest Person,

purvapaksha, prima facie view,

purvapakshin, he who holds the prima facie view, passim.

prakarana, leading subject-matter,

prakara, mode,

prakas, to shine forth,

prakasa, light,

prakriti, primeval matter, originating principle, nature,

prakriya, subject-matter,

prajñamatrah, subjects,

pranava, the syllable Om,

Pratardana-vidya (i.e. Kau. Up III),

pratikula, disagreeable,

pratîjña, initial statement,

pratlbuddha atma, the Self of intelligence,

pratisankhya,

pratîka, symbol,

pratyaksha, perception, presentative thought,

pratyakshata, immediate presentation,

pratyag-atman, the individual soul,

pratyaa, consciousness,

pratyahara, complete restraining of the senses from receiving external impressions,

prathiman, solid extension,

pradesa, space,

pradyumna, the internal organ,

pradhana, principal matter, non-sentient principle,

pradhana, a superior,

prabha, light,

prayojana, final cause,

pralaya, destruction of the world,

pragña, knowing, conscious, intelligent, the personal Self, the highest Self,

prana, breath, breathing out; soul; Breath, a name of Brahman,

prana, pl. organs and vital breath,

pranamaya, consisting of breath,

pranagnihotra,

pradesamatra,

prapti, the being obtained,

prayaskitta, expiatory rite,

prerakatva, prompting quality,

phala, result,

phalavidhi, injunction of results,

badha, sublation,

badhita, sublated,

balya, childlike state,

buddhi, internal organ, intellect,

brimh, root from which 'Brahman' is derived,

brimhana, growth,

brihat, great,

brihattva, greatness,

brahmakarya, chastity,

brahmagignasa, enquiry into Brahman,

brahmatva, Brahma-hood,

brahman,

brahma-bhavana,

brahmavidya, knowledge of Brahman,

brahmasamstha, founded on Brahman,

bhakti, devotion, devout meditation,

bhagavat, the Lord, then a holy person,

bhagasana,

bhakta, secondary or figurative,

bhava, entity,

bhinna, separate,

bhinnatva, difference,

bhuta, beings,

bhuta, element,

bhutamatrah, objects,

bhutadi, originator of the elements,

bhuman,'muchness,' fulness of bliss,

bhuma-vidya (Ch. Up. VII, 2),

bheda, difference,

bhedabheda, view that there is difference and absence of difference at the same time,

bhautika, elemental,

bhrama, erroneous cognition, error,

bhranti, illusion,

madhu, 'honey,' the sun,

madhuividya,

manana, reflection,

manas, internal organ, mind,

mantavya, to be reflected on,

mantra,

-maya, consisting of, made of,

Mahat, the Great Principle (of the Sankhya),

mahavrata-brahmana,

matra, mora (metrical unit),

manasa, mental (offering of a Soma cup),

maya,

mayin, possessing maya,

mithya, false,

mithyatva, falsehood,

mukta, released,

mukhya prana, chief vital air,

mudra, a badge,

muni,

murta, defined,

mauna, Muni-hood, state of a Muni,

yathakratub, according as his thought is,

yushmad-artha, the objective element,

yoga, mystic concentration of mind,

yogayug, practitioner of Yoga,

yogasiddha, perfected by Yoga,

yogyata, compatibility,

yoni, female organ of generation,

rajas, passion,

rahasya-brahmana,

raga, passion,

rukaka = nishka,

rupa, form, character,

lakshana, implied meaning, implication,

linga, inferential mark,

vastu, substance,

vakya, syntactical connexion,

vakyabheda, split of a sentence,

vayu, wind,

vaasana, a flow of ideas, states of consciousness,

vikara, effected thing, effect,

vikriti, being Modified,

vijñana, understanding, knowledge, idea,

vijñanamaya, consisting of understanding, (the soul in deep sleep).

vid, to know or to meditate,

vidya, form of meditation on Brahman,

viniyoga, application,

vipaskit, intelligent,

vipaskittva, intelligence,

vibhava, manifestation,

vibhuti, manifestation of power,

vimoka, freeness of mind,

vivrit, to manifest itself,

viveka, abstention,

viseshana, determining attribute,

vishaya, object,

virya, strength,

vritta, conduct,

vedana, knowledge,

vedana, sensation,

veda-vrata,

vaikarika, modified,

vaikhanasa, hermit,

vaisvarupya, many-natured universe,

vaisvanara-vidya

vyavahara, speech,

vyashti, discrete aspect (of the world),

vyana,

vyavaharika, conventional,

vyavritti, individual difference,

vyuha, division,

sakti, power, potentiality,

sabda, sound,

sama,

sarira, body,

sakha,

Sandilya-vidya,

sarira, joined to a body,

sariraka (doctrine) of the embodied (self),

sastra, science, scriptural injunction,

sirovrata, vow of (carrying fire on the) head,

sila, conduct,

subhasraya, perfect object,

sudra (etymology),

sesha, supplementary,

seshin, principal matter to be subserved by other things,

sraddhi, faith, belief,

sravana, hearing,

sruti, scriptural statement, rg,

samyamana,

samyoga, conjunction,

samvara, a kind of deep meditation,

samvargavidya

samvid, consciousness,

samsara,

samskara, impression,

samskriti, the being made ready,

samkarshana, the individual soul,

samrkhya, number,

samjña, consciousness,

sat, Being,

satkarya,

sattra class of sacrifices,

sattva, goodness,

satya, true,

satyakama, realising its desire,

satyakamatva, power of realising one's desire,

sad-vidya, meditation on that which truly is (Kb. Up. VI, i ff.),

sanniclhi, proximity,

sapta-bhangi-nyaya, the system of the seven paralogisms,

samanantara,

samanvaya, connexion,

samavaya, intimate relation, reciprocal inherence,

samavayi-karana, intimate cause,

samashti, collective aspect (of the world),

samashti-purusha, the aggregate soul,

samakara, a book of the Atharvanikas,

samadhi, meditation,

samana,

sarnpatti, union,

sampad, to be combined,

sampata, yavat sampatam,

samprasada, serenity,

sambhuta,

sayuktvan,

sarvajña, all-knowing,

savikalpaka, determinate,

sahakarin,

sakshat, manifest,

sakshatkara, immediate presentation,

sakshin, the witnessing principle,

sadhya, effected,

samanadhikaranya, co-ordination,

sayugya, equality,

siddhi, proof, definite well-established knowledge,

sukarita, good conduct,

sushira, a hollow place,

sukshma, the Subtle,

setu, bank or bridge,

somarajan,

sparsa, touch,

smriti, representation,

svayamprakasa, self-proved,

svayamprakasatva, self-luminousness,

svayamprakasata,

svarga, heaven,

svastika,

svaclhyaya, one's own text,

svadhyaya, essential, rgr.

Hara,

hita, arteries so called,

hetu, reason,

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