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Shri Bhagavad-Gita 17 страницаmind-collected.' The plural pronoun' ye'=those, the others, is repeat ed in this verse, in order to show that the pronoun does not relate to the votaries already referred to (in verse 29). Though a relative pronoun has invariably the force of referring back toa previously noted subject,yet the pronoun in this verse, viz.,'ye'(those)has an independent sense, in asmuch as it is indicative of another class of votaries viz., those who seek fortune, the aisvary-drthi, to whom the knowledge ofMe as identified with Adhibuta,and as identi fied with Adhidaiva are requisites. To him therefore, the preceding verse has no allusion. The knowledge ofMe asidentified with Adhi-yajha,is a knowledge which all the three classes of God-worshippers have to acquire,in common;for it is evident that the obli gation to perform the Maha-yajflas^etc., in the shape of daily and casual duties,devolves equally on all ofthem. All ofthem havealso,in common,to know Me(/. e.,re member Me)atthe time ofdeparture or death,the character ofthat memory of Me being in accordance with the ideal which each class ofthe votaries(mentioned) has prescribed to itself as its goal, Thatthe class who ' strive for deliverance from dotage and death'(verse 29 ante) comes in for the above-said memory-requisite at time ofdeath,is indicated by the con junctive particle ' cha' meaning' and' (all ofthem).
1. The terms Adhibhiita, Adhi- datva, a~cdhtyajfia, Tad-Brahma, Adhyatma, and all-Karma form the subject-matter of Lecture VIII, following.
The conclusion from the tenor of the verses above (w>., 29 and 30) is that it is a requisite for thejUani(the God-sage also,—compatible with the ideal of his own Goal —to know Me asindentified with Adhi-yajfla,and have My memory at the time of death.' OM TAT SAT. Thus closes The Seventh Discourse, Named Paramahamsa-Vtjftdna-Yoga, Or Supreme Saintly Wisdom, With Sri RdmSnujd's Commentary thereon, Between SRjKRISHNA and Arjuna, In the Science of Yoga, lo-the Divine Wisdom ofthe Upanishads, Or the Chants of§riBhagavan, The Bhagceoad-Gitd.
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Explanations.— (A) The8 Categories as mentioned ia Bhagavad Gita{VII-4) are the same as the 24Categoriesas detailed in XIII-5(Oj>: Cit\) (B) The 8 Categories are as numbered in the Horizontal column marked X fC) The 24 Catagories asenumerated by Safikhya aret— t.—Mfilapiakriti{AcAfi or Non-Ego). 2.—Mahat below). 3.—Ahahkara, 4—8. The Five Elements:Ether &c. 9—13. The Five Organs ofSensation or Perception 1 Hearing &c. 14—18. The Five Organs ofAction: Talking &c. 19—23. The Five Objects ofSense:Sound &c. 24. The Manas or the Inner Organ of Sensation (or Perception) and Action). (D) The 2Sth Category is CAi7=Atma-=Soul or the Ego). (fi) The 26th Category is Jr^amsParam-atmaniGod. (P) The Three Verities are the Ultimate Postulates which give the Complete Solution of the Universe. These divide out into Eight Categories, or 26 Cat^ories according to the manner in which the Division is made. (G) The Sub-Categories of CAit(Soul)are > Chit(Soul orthe Ego) (I) Nitya (2) Mukta t (3) Baddha t (The Ever Free Souls) (The Freed Souls) (The Bound Souls). (H) TheSub-Categories ofIsvara(God)are:— Isvara(God)• who become Freed. (i) Para (2) Vyfiha (3) Vibhava (4) AntarySmitva (5) Archivatara. (I) The Sub-Cat^ories ofSatva-sfmia(Time)ares— Satva-sflnya (Time) Infinite(meta-physical) Finite(physical) Past Present Future. (J) Avyaktaor Achit,(i)of(O)isSeed-Matter(»/»/a^ra.45»V«). Homo- feneousSubstance,becausethe Gunas(orattractive and repulsive orces)are balanced. (K) Mahat or the 1st swelling from seed-matter, is the state of seed- matter like the seed swollen under groutid. This is substance when the Gunas are thrown into heterogeneity- CD Ahaitkara or the further development from Mahat is the sprout like matter or' individual', translated as Egotism, and Rismic Ideation, because Ahadkara is the Substance, which is formed into a distinct Centre, separated from the rest of Mahat, for mani festation as an individual system,striking out into its own indivi dual course and development. (M) Buddhi in the Microcosm (man)is the counterpart of Mahatof the Macrocosm,and Manas in the Microcosm,(man)is the counter part of Ahadkara ofthe Macrocosm.
SRI BHAGAVAD-GITA OR THE DIVINE LAY. WITH SRl RAMANUJA'SYISISHTADVAITA COMMENTARY. LECTURE VIII. NAMED, AKSHARA-PARABRAHMA-YOGA, OR THE WAY TO THE CHANGELESS PARABRAHM. ^ri Yamunacharya, 'Whatthings,seekers(1)0/wealth,(g)ofsoul-sight,(3)0/GodPsfeet, ' Need know and choose;oftheir nuirks,Ih'Eighth lecture doth treat. ^ri Yogi 5,Pirthasiraihi AiyangSr,
AUIVI ®Shagavad-G^a WITH srT ramanuja's visishtadvaita commentary. THE EIGHTH LECTURE, * named AKSHARA-PARABRAHMA-YOGA, OR THB. ' WA K TO THE IMMORTAL PARABRAHM. PROEM. 'N theSeventh Lecture,thefollowing points werediscours- on, viz: the nature of Farabrahma,^ Vasudeva,*— ed man's Object of Worship,as. being:— (i) The Spiritual Sovereign (Seshi)® of all entities, the Sentient and the in-Sentient; as.
1. See note, 3 p:8.
2. See note, 2 p: 246 and note 2, p+ 26.
3. Spiritual Sovereignty is used to distinguish from mere limited terres- trial Sovereignty. Spiritual Sovereign- ty is God’s, absolute and exercised over bodies as well as souls) The term Sovereignty is used to translate Seshi. ashi _jaeans the Sovereign Lord, hae fee and man exists the indiasolts le relation of Lor] and liege expressed ‘Hy the phrase ‘sesha-sesht- bhava’, Man is God’s ‘deposit’ whom
te QD
God has in His power to dispose of in any manner He may please. Seshstva is thus the absolute power of disposa- bility vesting in God. ‘Sovereign Absolute Disposing Master’ would nearly convey the sense implied by the term Seshi, but as introducing such long phrases at every place must be lumbersome, ‘Sovereign’ is con- sidered enough. C.‘...they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto Him which died for theme Cor: 5-15.
(2) The Cause{Causa Causorum)', as, (3) The Support(or Prop);as. (4) The Ultimate Referee ofall language, used as the expression ofideas, which ordinarily relate either to His body or His mode,—the Referee being ultimately Himself, of whom are all things the body, or all things the modes; as, (5) The Governor(or Ruler); and as, (6) The Most Exalted and Supreme,by possession of the multitudinous Blessed Attributes (Omniscience etc)., etc. Then the Lecture went on to givethe rationale, of why Brahm is screened from man,on account of the series of iniquitous deeds committed by him in the long past,— being addicted as he is to the delights which the body and the senses furnish,sated with the triple qualities of satva, rajas, and tamas; And how this screen (hiding Brahm)is removable by man,by,in faith and resignation,throwinghimselfonBhaga- van's protection (such trust and resignation resulting as thefruitofhighly meritorious works being performed). And next,the Lecture showed how the differences of merit produced differences among the votaries{upasakas= bhakias), as, (1). Seekers offortune etc., {asivarydrthi)} (2). Seekers of akshara,or aspirants for realizing the imperishable atma {figndsu)l (3). Seekers ofGod {jfldnip
1. Cp: Annie Besant’s Article on
PRO ein the Theosophical Review, vol: XXI, P: 538(1897-98): ‘We find pra- yersthatare petitions for definite world.
ly advantages, for the supply of physical heeds—prayers for food, clothing, money, employment, success in busi-
ness, recovery from illness etc. These we will group together as class A {nearly corresponding toasgvarydrth?]. Then we have prayers for help in moral and intellectual difficullies and for spiritual growth for the overcom- ing of temptations, for strength, for
insight, for enlightenment, These can be grouped as Class B [nearly corres- ponding to /z/fdsz). Lastly there are the prayers that ask for nothing, that consist in contemplation and adoration of the Divine Perfection,
in intense aspiration for union with God —-the ecstasy of the mystic, the medi- tation of the sage, the soaring rapture of the saint. These we will call class C (corresponding to Adnf]. Vide notes 2, 3,4.0f P: 243 ; and I of Ps 244.
And that,of all these aspirants, the God'^pirant was the most eminent,inasmuch as by his incessant devo- tednessto God and singleness of love for him,he became the object ofGk)d'3 warmestlove;and thatsuch a God-lover was very hard to find. After this,the Lecture concluded by making mention ofseveral requisites ofknowledge which those three classes ofaspirants have to acquaint themselves with, and act in accordance therewith, (as Means to realize the several ideals offuture felicity, which each class sets to itself), Queries Arjuna:— apr &c. 1. 'O Purushottama!', What is Tad-Brahma? What is Adhyatma? What is Karma? What-again is that which was called Adhibhuta ;and what is Adhidaiva ? &c. 2. Who,Madhusudana!«,and how, is the Adhiyajfla in this body ; and how art Thou known by the mind-fixt(bhaktas)at their departing time? What is, Tad-brahtna what is, Adhyatma and what is. Karma which those who,to effectliberation from death and dotage by resorting to Bhagavan,have to know ; what Adhib^la and Adhidaivaare which fortune-seekers have to know; and whatis That which is indicated by the term Adhtyajfta, which all the three classes(ofaspirants)have to know",and why is Adhiyajha^ characterized ?, and in what way art Thou to be known by all these mind-disciplined men {niyat-dtmabhih)at time oftheir departure(death)?
The best Bhagavan responded thus;— 5Rr &c. 3. 'The superior, imperishable («I.\sAafa=atma), is Brahma; nature (svadkava), is called Adhy- atma; and that act ofemission by which beings are brought forth is signified as Karma. What is designated as Tad-hrahma is the superior-in- destructible (soxi\=paramam aksharatn^ Aksharam is that which is not subject to decay, and is the collective name {or hshetraj'Aa^ informers ofuninformed matter-stuff= matter-joined souls). So declare such ^futi—texts as: 'Avyakta (indiscernible compound of spirit-matter) merges into akshara (the indivisible compound), akshara into tamas(the impartite compound).'' And Paramam aksharam, the superior-indestructible (or indivisible)is atma-nature,divorced or disengaged from prakriti(or akshara—iho spirit-matter amalgam). * Svabhava='ii^X^xro, is called adhyatma' The term adhyStma signifies Nature=matter,or thatsubtle elemental stuff and its accompany^efi'atic tendencie.s—the non-soul which adheresto soul,and which is referred to in the Pattch- &gni-vidyd?asthat which has to be known Cby theaspirants) Both these {akshara and adhyatma)have to be known by the emancipation-seekers{mumukshu),—the one akshara (soul)as that which is worthy of election, and adhyatma (matter)as that which is worthy ofrejection.
1. Subs Uf: 2. Avyaktam
xX - : ashare —_Ilyate, aksharam —tamasi liyate. Tamas =chaos.
2. The subtile quintuple process, the last of which becomes the seminal fluid, {It is the evolution of the soul in subtle matter, by a five-fold con- densation or concentration. This is a Spiritual descent into embodiment, called the Sacrifice of the Fve Kes, Vide Chh: Up: v-3 to 10 for a description,
Next is karma,—act,—referring to that emittive act which results in the(final) fashioning out of creatures, the becoming human etc,—(embodied states). The emittive act {visarga) which results into thisstate,is the act ofinter course with the female. The Sruti declares:—'The waters sacrificed in the fifth (fire=woman)—comes to be called purusha(embodied soul)'.* This act is called karma. This karma as well as akshara and adhyaima are requi sites ofknowledge, to the moksha-seeker, so that by that knowledge he may know that he is to dread what it signi fies and desist from involving himself in that which is worthy of rejection. So teaches Glta further on {Yadicchanto etc);'That,de- siring,theyobserve(the vow of)Brahmacharya'(VIII-ii). ^&c. 4. 'Adhil^hiitam is that which is ofthe nature of the perishable ; and Adhidaivatam is Purusha (the onjoyer);and Adhiyajfta in this body, is Myself. O Best ofbeings!' By AdhibhUtam,—that which is to be known by the fortune-seeker {aisvary-arthi)—is that which is of the perishable nature,the transcendentally subtile principles of sound,touch, etc., with their supports—the senses—which are latent in the elements, ether {dkdsa etc.,), and develope therefrom. The subtile and transcendentally exquisite sound,touch,colour, taste and smell—with their supports the(senses)—»are mentioned here as objects upon which the fortune-seeker has necessarily to contemplate. Adhi-daivatam is Purusha; Purusha is the conscious spirit—the enjoyer,—whose status becomes above [adhi) the daivatas, the celestials or minor gods, such as Tndra, Prajapati and all such lower divinities. (Not merely above them in position but the) Purusha is one who be comes the enjoyer ofrare and keenly exquisite [vilakshand) delights ofsound etc., surpassing even those that pertain to such celestials as Indra, Prajapati etc.,^- The fortune-seekers{aisvary-drtht)have to meditate on such a Purusha,as the enjoyer of subtle transcendent de lights; and this is what is called' knowing the adhidai- vatam.' Adhiyajna is Myself'.* The appellation Adhiyajfla denotes Myself. It means that I am He, Who is present in Indra etc., that constitute My body—as He who is wor shipped by sacrifices{yajHas.^ The AdhiyajHa is thus the Indwelling Myselfand is He Whom all the three classesof My devotees {bhaktas)have to contemplate in all their acts of worship, viz: The Maha- yajflas,® the Nitya and the Naimittika duties. &c. 5. 'Whoso, at the hour of death, meditating on Me alone, casts offhis mortal coil, attains unto My state. No doubt Is there about this. This meditation (at time ofdeath)is also common to all the three classes ofvotaries(or aspirants.) He who,when his end approaches, has Mealone in his remembrance, and thus departs from the body, becomes like unto Me. Like unto Me {madbhdva)=\\V.^ unto. My nature.
1. To him who gets riches through loving God, the delights granted are of such kind.
2. Vide Zatti: Samh: i-74 (yajfio vai Vishouh).
3- Manu, iii, 69-71, note 2, p. 96.
4. See Visha pur: ii-13-32, 33.
Another name of this king-saint is Jada-bharata. He died, watched by the deer, with tears in its eyes, like a son mourning for his father; and he himself, as he expired, cast his eyes upon the animal, and thought of nothing else, being wholly occupied with one fdea. [n consequence of this predominant feeling at such a season, he was born again in the Jambiimarga forest, as a deer, with the faculty of recollecting his former life’ H. H, Wilson. Also Bhdgavata ‘mriyasarlram avapa’ V-8-24-
WhatsoeverimageofMe is vividly presentinhisimagination at time of death, that he becomes, as in the case of Adi- bharata* and others, whoincarnated in the forms ofanimals etc, by reason of such images having prominently been present in their thoughtsat their last moments. That whatsoever be the image present in the last thought of the meditator, that he becomes, is further elucidated;— &c. 6. 'With whatever idea,occupying his thought, one leaves the body, at time ofdeath, that he be comes, Kaunteya!, as a result of his constant brooding over that(ideaj.' Whatever image prominently floats in one's thought at the hour ofdeath,and he leaves his body with that as the last thought, that he becomes after death (thought becomesform.) Thelast thought will naturally be ofthe kind over which one will have been constantly brooding during his lifetime. &c. 7. ' Then do thou at all times remember Me and fight. Dedicating heart and will to Me,thou shalt doubtless reach Me alone.' Inasmuch as the last flash of consciousness (in a dying man)will be that to which,one, by constant pon dering,will by habit, become accustomed,do thou unceas ingly daily practise meditatingon Me till the very moment ofthy departure. Andfight. This means, do the work that is before thee,and all other ^ruti-and-Smfiti-enjoined works,such as the daily,and occasional duties,apportioned to the several castes(varnas)and orders(asramas),so that while discharg ing them I may be in thy memory daily. This is the most expedient method by which thou canst succeed in keeping thy manas and buddhi(heart and will)set on Me,and thus remembering Me at the last moment,thou shalt reach Me according to thy wish. There is no doubt about this. Having now stated that to all in common,the attain ment of their particular wishes is dependent on the last thought,the different modes of meditative devotion {npdsa- nd),appropriate for each class, compatible with the aim they cherish to attain to, are now described. Of these, the mode of meditation to be practised by the fortune- seeker among them, and the kind of last thought consis tent with the mode of meditation adopted, are now' stated:— &c. 8. 'With mind, unwandering elsewhere, and inured to meditation,Partha I' one,by fervid recollec tion, goeth to Parama-purusha,*-Divine.' By meditation,daily practised,the mind is to be fixed thereto and not permitted to wander away elsewhere. With the mind so trained, I am to be thought of at the time of death, as the Paramapurusha-Divine, and so on in the manner further explained (verses9and 10). Sothought of,one reaches Me alone. In the manner that Adibharata brought himselfto be born like an animal,one, by force of the mode of meditation prescribed for him, will be born, possessed offortune etc.,comparable to even that of Mine. Abhydsa is practice or training or habiting, or exercise of the mind to ruminate on the object of meditation, at all those other times also than that which is set apart for the performance of daily and occasional duties. Yoga is the particular mode of meditation which is prescribed to be practised at a fixed time set apart for every day. ^ &c. 9. 'Whoso thinks on Him, The Omniscient, the Ancient, The Ruler,The Subtler ofthe subtile, the Creator of all, of Ineffable Form, of the Color ofthe sun^,and the Beyond of tamas.' MMI<ll«hl^ &c. 10. ' With, at time of departure, unwavering mind united to Bhakti,(God-love) and fortified by Yoga(meditation);and with Prana well drawn in betwixtthe brows;(he)reaches thatPurusha, Divine.' Kavim^^SdigQ—Sarvcyfiam—liiva,who is Omniscient. Purdnam=Th.Q Ancient or Primeval. Anusdsitdram=TheRulerorLaw-Giverofthe Universe. Anor-anlydtitsam—T\vt Minutose ofthe minute,or the Subtler than the subtile atma(jiv-dtma). Sarvasya-dhdtdram=The. Creator of all. Achintya-rilpam—Yosstssinga Form inconceivable,/.e., not conceivable by comparison with other things conceiv able, or Form transcendental;and Sun-Colored,or resplen- dently glorious as (for example)the Sun is ;and beyond tdims darkness==matter) meaning :possessing a metaphysical transcendant luminous divine Form,beyond our limited conception.
1. Cp. Purusha-stikta I-7, (Ved- Aham etam Purusham Mahintam Adit yavarnain tamasas-tu pare Kc); ChA : Up® : [-6-6 (ya eshontar-Aditye hiray- mayah Purusho) &c.
Whoso,with mind made steady and strengthened by the daily practice ofmeditative devotion {Bhakti-yukta-yoga- balehd), gathers up,at the time ofdeath, the praiia or life- breath at the point between the brows; and intently thinks atthatplace,ofthe Purusha Divine(or Spirit of God in the way described), goes to Himself, or achieves a state equal to Divinity; i. he will become possessed ofa power and glory such as those pertaining to Divinity Itself. Nextis described the modeof meditation, to be adopt ed by the atma-seeker{Kcuvaly-arthi or jijftasu). &c. II. That Way will I now briefly declare to thee, which the Veda-wise declare as that of Akshara (imperishable); which, the desire-weaned Yatis enter;, which to tread,aspirants lead the life of Brahma-charya.® That other Path, the Path which is for those who would find theirsoul,and secureisolation ^Kaivalya-niokshd), I will briefly explain. That Path is the Path of Akshara,or the imperishable, described as:— 'Not gross etc.'{Bry. Up, V-8-8)',by the versed in the Vedas. It is that, which the Yatis(or renouncers ofthe world, attempt to enter. It is that,hungering for which, men keep the vow of Brahma-charya.* Padam—Y&th.or Way,or that by which one mentally proceeds and gains his object. Padyate=gamyate, or that which is followed,or the method adopted by the mind.
1. ‘Sahovacha-itad vai tad Aksha- ram Gargi! brehmana abhivadanty- asthilam asanv-ahrasvam &c.,
2. Chastity or continence. See Note 2, p. 256. Those who would find their soul, should strictly lead an ascetic life. Unless vital energies are conserved and re-absorbed into the system, Self-illumination is not easily accomplished. Even the atomic philosopher Democritus did not ap- prove of a man’s marrying and getting children. He used to say also, that the pleasure of love was a slight epilepsy. Newton had not ezme to think of marriage. ‘It is good fora man not to touch a woman (7 Cor., VII. 1) ‘...have made themselves eunuchs for the Kingdom of heavens’ sake’. (Matt., XIX. 12), zide, p: 92, Engl: Tr: .Zalzva-lray@ by yogi Parthasirathi,
The import is this: ' I give thee a short description of the method by which, the soul-seeker {kaivaly-drth'i) has to meditate on Me to achieve the end he has in view, viz.., the meditating on Me in the aspect ofthe Akshara (the Imperishable etc., as described in the Brihad-aranyak- Upanishad, V-8-8 to ii). &c. &c. 12-13. Stopping up all passages, locking the mind in the heart,forcing the prana into the head,and thus establishing oneselfin collected cortcentra- tion[yoga-dhdrand),and methodically repeating the one-syllabled OM,—the Brahm—,whoso, thus, casteth away his body, intent on Me, goeth to the Supreme State. Stopping up passages, means:the repressing the sense- functions through the channels of the ear etc., in other words,abstracting the senses from their normal outgoing tendencies. Locking the mind in the heart, means:directing the thoughts (loving thoughts) towards Me, the Akshara,en throned in the lotus-heart. Established myoga-dhdrana,or collected q^pcentration, means; perfect concentration ofall attention on Me. Methodically repeating the one-syllabled OM. OM or AUM is the sign, symbol or appellation of the Indes- tructrible.—[Akshara). OM being the sign,the indicator,I am the Indicated, Who is to be profoundly meditated upon. Whoso,holding up the prana (life-breath)in the head, departs from the body,in the mannerindicated,goes to the Exalted State. Param^m gatim (the.Exalted State)is the atma itself, asIn essence contra-distinguished from matter,and compar able with My state, from which there is no return. It is this state(ofself-realization)that is discoursed ori in verses 'He, who, when all beings perish, doth not perish (Bh:Gl: VIII-20). 'It was described as Avyakta, Akshara; this, they say, is the Exalted State'(Bh;Gl: VIII-2oi) The modes of Divine Meditation suited to those who are fortune-seekers [aisvary-arthinah), and to those"who aspireaftertheirselforsoul(kaivaly-afthimh)havethusbeen declared. The mode of Divine Meditation suited to the jaani orthe God-aspirer, and the nature of his Goal are now declared:— &c. 14. 'Whoso, with undivided mind, and constantly, ever ponderson Myself, to such a Yogi,Partha! ambitiousofeternal union(with Me,)I am easy'' Nityasah=ever, means: ever since the time the aspi rant devoted himself to Me as his Aim. constantly, means: at all times. Whosoponders on Me,implies: that I have become to him the Object ofintense impassioned Love, so much so that the moment I am absent from his thoughts, his very life is in jeopardy. Hence doth he constantly ruminate on Me. Nitya-yuktoyogi: is the man who yearns for eternal union with Me,—the jfiani—the God-lover. To him,I am easily accessible.
1, S#labhak=I am easy, or Iam easily accessible. This is the 823rd name of god. The easy acces- sibility is further proved by verse IX-26: ‘ Patram phushpam phalam toyam &c.?
What this postulant, jftani, seeks,—1\ e, his Goal—is Myself, meaning that it is not simply the state like unto Mine in wealth etc.,—or what the fortune-seeker attains,— but he gains Myself. I am, again, happily accessible to him this-wise;— I,on My part, would not be able to bear separation of them(My lovers)from.Me;and therefore I Myself elect him {vfine). Icarry to fruition the Meditation he adopts for reaching Me;/ward ojf for him the obstacles which may hamper him in his progress in Meditation;/generate
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