Blobfish is ugliest animal 1 страница

A famous artist – Picasso Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain, the son of an artist, Jose Ruiz, and Maria Picasso. He took his mother’s surname, WHICH was more unusual that his father’s. Picasso’s CAREER as an artist lasted ABOUT 75 years. Many people BELIEVE that he changed modern art more than any other artist of his GENERATION Picasso died in France in 1973. A love of travelling For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what’s called a ‘gap year’. In common with many other British teenagers, he chose to take a year out before settling down to study for his degree. After doing various jobs to raise some money, he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting America and Asia. The more adventurous the young person, the greater the challenge they are likely to set themselves for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can result in a thirst for adventure. Now that his university course has come to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world. What’s more, he plans to make the whole journey using only means of transport which are powered by natural energy. In other words, he’ll be relying mostly on bicycles and his own legs; and when there’s an ocean to cross, he won’t be taking a short cut by climbing aboard a plane, he’ll be joining the crew of a sailing ship instead. As well as doing some mountain climbing and other outdoor pursuits along the way, Nigel hopes to pass on to the … A man of many parts Life on a remote Scottish island is wonderfully peaceful. But* one local, Hamish McAlpine, life is far from relaxing. This is because Hamish has fourteen jobs. When/as he meets me off the ferry, harbour master Hamish is one and only person in sight. Luckily, he is also the island's taxi driver, so he takes me to the hotel, which he owns. He can even be found serving behind the counter at the local shop. It all started not long after Hamish married his wife Donna in 1964. The couple were asked if/whether they would like to run the post office. Then Hamish found himself agreeing to become fire chief, policemean and coastguard. Now, having given 35 years of devoted service, Hamish is about to retire. But who will take over his jobs? Can one person do it all or will the jobs to be split up? Apart from their week-long honeymoon on the mainland, the couple have had hardly any holidays. 'Donna and I have worked together every day for the last 35 years. But who knowns, one we have lots of time on our hands we may/might find we can't stand the sight of each other, ' says Hamish, his eyes twinkling mischievously.
A model village In 1861, George Cadbury took over control of his father's chocolate factory in Birmingham, England. At that time, it was hard forordinary working people to find comfortable houses in which they could afford to live, and Cadbury wanted to improve the situation. He started by moving his chocolate factory into the countryside. He thought that if each of his workers had his own house in a healthy environment then this would result ina happy family life. The first 143 houses of the model village, called Bournville, wasbuilt on ground next to the factory in 1895. A few workers were able to buy their houses cheaply while the majority paid a fair rent. Every house had a large garden. All these gardens were cultivated to supply the villagers with fresh fruit and vegetables. Onetenth of the village area was given over to public spaces so that there was somewhere for residents to sociable and where community projects could take place. Bourville is a continuing success story and today has more than 8, 000 homes. Cadbury's model village originally gave rise to the idea of the ‘ garden city’, and has had many imitators in Europe and the United States A Night We Won’t Foreget. Last weekend my two friends and I decided to try out the new Italian restaurant on Moore Street in the city centre. We ______ always loved Italian food so we were sure that we wouldn’t be DISAPPOINTED. It was wonderful evening and we took a table outside. There weren’t MANY people in the restaurant and a waiter came to our table very QUICKLY. We were GIVE the menu and everybody ordered traditional Italian dishes. I asked for SOME (much) water for us to drink. Then everything started to go awfully wrong. We had to wait FOR (to)forty minutes for our meals. Finally when the waiter served us we realized that he had mixed the orders up and we all had to eat food we HASN’T order. After we had finished our meals, we waited another half an hour before the bill was being prepared only to find that they got that wrongly, too. In fact, ANYTHING was wrong in that restaurant and we WILL go back.
A Musician is discovered When William was a small boy, the family A (0)spent their holidays on his grandfather’s farm in the mountains. On their arrival, the children would race around the yard and orchard, overjoyed to be free from the strictly correct (2) behaviour expected of them in the city. As the days passed, their parents also (3) became increasingly relaxed, and the house rang with the laughter of old friends. It was during one of these visits that William’s (4) ability to remember a tune led to the suggestion that the boy should (5) take up a musical instrument. One evening everyone was gathered in the living-room, and a discussion (6) arose about the differences between a piece of music which was popular at the time and a well-known folk song. Various adults tried to(7) prove the similarity of the two tunes to those who (8) disagreed with them, but without success. (9)Silence fell, and then William, who was about five, made his (10) way to the piano and played first one tune and the other. His parents and their friends were astonished (11) as no one had even heard William (12) try to play before. ‘That child must go to a music teacher’, (13) stated one neighbour, and the others agreed. William’s parents were persuaded to (14) accept help with payment of the fees, and his musical (15) career began.
A new book about history History is much less simple than it sometimes seems. There are many stories that can BE told about the past. However, we are not, perhaps, as free AS we might imagine in our choice of which stories to tell, or where those stories end. This stimulating new book about HOW we study and understand history begins by asking us various questions provoked by our investigation of history. It then explores the different ways in WHICH these questions have been answered in the past. Fascinating and concrete examples of how historians work give the reader a sense of the experiment of discovering not ONLY the past, but also ourselves.
About Fish and Aquariums There are more than 200, 000 species of fish inhabiting many (1). DIFFERENTwaters. New species of fish are discovered every year. From the deepest part of the seas thousands of feet down in total (2). DARKNESS, to the beautiful aqua-blue waters of the coral reefs, to the streams, lakes, and ponds of freshwater found throughout the world, fish have adapted an incredible variety of life-forms, styles, and (3) BEHAVIOURS. The group of aquatic animals we call fishes has evolved for over 400 million years to be the most (4). NUMEROUS and diverse of the major vertebrate groups. Forty-one percent of the world's fish species inhabit only fresh water. This is pretty (5). AMAZING. considering that fresh water covers only 1 percent of the world's surface. As you probably already know salt water covers 70 percent of the earth's surface. So the number and (6) VARIETY of fresh water species to marine or saltwater species is all the more mind-boggling. While they inhabit the smallest amount of water, they have, in fact, adapted to a much (7) WIDER, range of habitats and to a greater variety of water conditions. Let's take a closer look at the unique adaptations of fish that have allowed them to live so (8) SUCESSFULLY in the medium we call water. OK
Advertising A company tells the public about the things it makes through advertising. A company also 1. USES advertising to persuade people to buy 2. MORE of its products. These days, so many goods are advertised in so many different 3. WAYS that it is possible for us to come into contact with hundreds of advertisement 4. IN a single day. Sometimes films even decide to offer things to people free of charge so that they can just try them 5. WITHOUT paying anything at all.
Alaska: It's a State of Mind One of the greatest things about Alaska is (1)that it takes the term casual to new heights. While the state has highly cultivated enclaves, (2)such as Anchorage, Alaska's largest city, and Juneau, the state capital (population 31, 000), for the most part Alaskans are down-to -earth people. They're friendly bunch, more comfortable in Carhartts and cutoffs (3)than cashmere and corduroy. The arts thrive, not only in the larger cities (4)but also in the small towns. In their own strong spirited way. Alaskans embrace their independence and refuse (5) to be stereotyped. They'll have a sold-out opera, but only half will dress (6) up. There (7) are ultra-fancy restaurants, but they'll entertain kids with smiles on their faces. For visitors, this translates into a vacation completely devoid (8) ofstress. Wear your evening gown if you like - it doesn't matter if it's to the local ballgame or burger joint. Anything goes.
Albert Einstein Einstein was as unconventional in dress and manner as he was in thought. From an early age, he preferred not to play with other children and regarded most games as disagreeably aggressive, preferring to occupy himself with solitary play instead. Mathematics was not considered important at his school, so Einstein did extra study at home on his own. At fifteen he managed to persuade his mathematics teacher to confirm that he was up to graduation standard. He then went to university in Zurich, but with one or two exceptions the teachers there did not impress him. Einstein was always a solitary thinker, able to keep particular problems in mind for protracted periods until a solution finally appeared. He reached his conclusions by pure thought practically unaided by anyone else.
Amelia Еarhart Amelia Earhart, the pioneering woman pilot, had TAKEN first flying lesson in January 1921, and convinced herself that she was destined to become a pilot. In the six months that followed, she managed to save enough money to by a plane. Earhart named the bright yellow plane ‘The Canary’, and put it to good use,, setting the first women’s record by rising UP an altitude of 14000 feet, a remarkable achievement. From THEN on.. Earhart’s life revolved ABOUT flying. But strong THE Earhart’s convictions were, challenging financial obstacles lay ahead.
Antarctica The first people known to have seen Antarctica were hunters on ships in 1819. Two years later, Captain John Davis managed to land there even though the conditions were difficult and prevented him from exploring very far. Other expeditions folloved by the late nineteenth century scientists had succeeded in mapping the coastline, in spite of the fact Antarctica is almost entirely covered by a thick layer of ice which/that stretches far beyond the edge of the land in places Something else attracted people to Antarctica apart from scientific research. This was the South Pole. Several attempts to reach it were made in the early in the twentieth century but the first person to succeed was the Norwegian, Roald Amundsen, in 1911. Travelling with dogs to pull the sledges carrying his party’s supplies, he arrived at the pole five weeks before a rival British group Despite the terrible weather conditions, many nations now have scientific bases on Antarctica.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder How do you react when you look at yourself in the mirror? Do you smile so do you feel like crying? Does the idea of wearing summer clothes make you panic, or does it excite you? Body image has become a very important issue in our society. Many young women and teenage girls, in particular are, greatly influenced by the images they see in adverts, films and magazines. They go on dangerous crash diets and they want to look like the super-thin models and movie stars they see and read about. But we don't ought to copy our favorite celebrities. Thin is not always beautiful. People come in all shapes and sizes - that's what makes each person interesting. So, next time you look in the mirror, remember that you are special.
Bebel Gilberto is one of Brazil’s most talented singers. With her first album, ’Tanto Tempo’, Bebel says she didn’t know IF/ WHETHER people would like her songs. ‘The problem is always with the second album’, she EXPLAINS. ’I began to worry if people would like this album as MACH as they liked the first’. But she didn’t need to worry-her second album, called simply ‘Bebel Gilberto’, was a great success. Bebel has been performing since she was nine years old, and she has no PLANS to end her singing career. ‘I want to sing BY/UNTIL the age of ninety, ’ she says
Blobfish is ugliest animal The grumpy-looking, gelatinous blobfish has won a public vote to become the official mascot of the Ugly Animal Preservation Society. The society began as a science-themed comedy night and devised its mascot campaign 1) to draw attention to “aesthetically challenged” threatened species. The bizarre creature lives off the coast of south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, at depths of 2) between 600 and 1, 200m, where atmospheric pressure is several dozen times higher than at sea level. It feeds on crabs and lobsters and so suffers a significant threat 3) from fishing trawlers. Although it is inedible itself, it gets caught up in the nets. Carly Waterman from the Zoological Society of London's Endangered Species programme, which aims to highlight and conserve evolutionary “one of 4) a kind” species, praised the campaign, saying it was important to raise awareness of less “traditionally charismatic animals”. The campaign was run in conjunction 5) with the National Science and Engineering Competition.
Board games in café s In cities across Canada, you might be struck by the number of café s DESIGNED solely to the playing of board games. Many of them seem to have LEAPT up in the last few years. Toronto, where such café s can be seen on practically every street, has become a MODEL for any other city that would like to foster its own board game culture. In addition to providing games, these café s serve up all kinds of unusual teas and coffees. Walk into any of these places, and you’ll experience the same OUTGOING atmosphere: fast chatter, laughter and the sound of rolling dice. The one thing you’ll rarely see is someone’s eyes STUCK ON a glowing phone screen.
Book review Dava Sobel’s best-seller, Longtude, tells the story of John Harrison’s long BATTLE with the English establishment, IMPERSONATED(? ) in the figure of Sir Nevile Maskelyne found it demeaning that a simple, uneducated mechanic could do better than all the brilliant astronomers. Maskelyne did everything he could to frustrate Harrison. Reading this book, I was struck by how many great inventors have had little education, and in particular how little they OWE to science. Harrison FOUND OUT mechanics while working as an apprentice carpenter. Thomas Edison had less than three month of normal schooling and Guillermo Marconi had a limited formal education. With the exception of James Watt, none of the great pioneers of steam was even literate, LET alone university educated.
BRITISH BREAKS Nowthat spring is here, it's time to start thinking about holidays. You don't have to spend all your holiday in the same place. Why not try three or four short breaks away from home this year - in the British Isles? More and more people are doing it. Britain is full of interesting places to visit, with some historic sites that are two thousand years old. There are so many places to choose from: you might want to tour the Scottish Highlands, have a relaxing few days at a country house hotel, or enjoy the exciting nightlife of a busy modem city like London or Manchester. For that special travel away there's a wide range of weekend and mid-week breaks. All across the country, hotels and resorts are getting ready to welcome the new season's visitors.
Cats Cats of all kinds are present in the legends, religion, mythology, and history of (1) MANY, different cultures. Cave paintings created by early humans display different types of wild cats (2) WHICH / THAT.. are now extinct, or no longer around. Many of these great beasts saw humans as food, but were hunted by humans in return. Cats similar (3) TO the ones kept as pets today started showing up in artwork thousands of years ago. For example, the ancient Egyptians believed cats were the sacred, or special, animal of a goddess named Bast. They believed that Bast often appeared as a cat, so many ancient Egyptians respected and honoured cats and kittens. (4) HOWEVER \| NEVERTHELESS, other cultures feared cats or thought that they brought illnesses and bad luck. Today, with millions kept as pets in homes around the world, cats have become important members of many families. No one knows for sure when or (5) HOW/WHERE cats became very popular household pets. It's possible that people noticed how cats hunted mice and rats, (6) SO they set food and milk out to keep the cats near their homes. This helped to prevent (7) TOO many of these rodents (8) FROM coming into homes and eating people's food or spreading sickness.
Celebration – Dearm Town USA Close your eyes and imagine the perfect town, with pretty houses and tree- lined streets around a clear blue lake. Now, open your eyes and head for the town of Celebration in Florida, USA, where The Walt Disney Company has, once again, turned a dream into reality. All the houses in Celebration have garages at the back, so the streets are clear of parked cars. Fences are low and backyardsare small so that people can talk to their neighbours. Children play happily in the parks and playgrounds. Parents let them go off by themselves without protecting from their safety. The town’s facilities, which include a school, medical technology with the traditional style of a small 1950s town. If you put up with life in the fast lane, take a break andpay a visit to Celebration. Who knows – you might even decide to stay.
Cheap Еnglish books Have you just started to learn English? Do you want to buy some English books FOR beginners? I HAVE several easy books on grammar and vocabulary. I have only used THEM a little, so they look new. And they want cost a lot. New books are a lot MORE expensive. You can see my books in Class 4A. I WILL be there on Wednesday and Friday, from 1. 30pm to 3. 00 pm. Paloma Gonzales.
Computer game review Families are big business for video game makers and new release Wild Pirate promises to tick all THE right boxes for gamers of any age. Wild Pirate draws ON the gaming experience of its makers, Spice Studios, and is an action game in WHICH players pilot huge pirate ships. For families it’s a great chance to collaborate WITH one another in a game that is not only frantic and fun but also highly strategic. ALTHOUGH not a lot of the game has been seen yet, what has been released is visually impressive and cinematic in feel, and looks set to be one of the biggest hits of the year.
Crocodiles All crocodiles live near water, whether it is a swamp or marshy area, lake or river, and they spend a considerable amount of their time there. All the same, on LAND, crocodiles are able to move in a variety of ways. BESIDES being able to walk quite easily on their large flat feet, they can manage to run if necessary and sometimes slide on their stomachs. In the water, they are strong swimmers. They will often stay PERFECTLY still in the water for long PERIODS with their bodies below the surface of the water. Only their nose, ears and eyes are visible, as these are all on top of the head. Although they need to breathe air, crocodiles have the ability to dive beneath the water and REMAIN there for some time.
Dava Sobel's best-seller, Longitude, tells the story of John Harrison's long BATTLE with the English establishment of the 18th century to prove that his clocks were the best way to measure longitude at sea. The establishment, PERSONIFIED in the figure of Sir Nevil Maskelyne, found it demeaning that a simple, uneducated mechanic could do better than all the brilliant astronomers. Maskelyne did everything he could to frustrate Harrison. Reading this book, I was struck by how many great inventors have had little education, and in particular how little they OWE to science. Harrison PICKED UP mechanics while working as an apprentice carpenter. Thomas Edison had less than three months of formal schooling and Guillermo Marconi had a limited formal education. With the exception of James Watt, none of the great pioneers of steam was even literate, STAND alone university-educated.
Dear pari, I am (be) a university student. As it is holiday time now, I am working (work) in a hotel. At the end of every termI come (come) back to my home town and get (get) a job in this hotel to earn money. This summerI am sharing(share) a room with another girl. It isn’t (not/be) as comfortable as my parents’ house, but I prefer (prefer) it, because I don’t want (not/want) to travel home late at night. So this yearI am saving…(save) more money and am getting (get) more sleep.
Dear Emily' Thanks for your email. It's always great to hear from you. As for me, I'm really busy. College life is very exciting, but there's so much to do. i get up at 8 o'clock on weekdays because lectures start at 9: 30. I spend most of my afternoons in the library a I'm taking six different courses to them and there's lots of reading to do! At te weekend I do some past-time waitressing. So, as you can see, I'm working very hard these days. But it's not all work and no play. Tonight I'm having dinner with some classmates. I can't wait! I'd better finish here because Sarah, my flatmate, is calling me to come and help her. Come and visit me soon!
Dear gina, Does Am Have Shall I get the bus tickets for the weekend in at on for advance? I think the best bus to catch is the ones one some only at 10. 45. I suggest meet to meet meeting should meet on Friday morning at 10. 30 at platform harbour track terminal 5. See you on Friday, Love, Chris
Dear Maria, How are you? I am studying IN England. I have lessons for five HOURS a day. Newmarket is a nice town and it’s easy TO visit different places from here. Last night I WENT to the cinema to see an Australian film. I liked it VERY much.
Dear Maria, It’s good to be back home in my country but I still think ABOUT all the friends I made in our English class, especially you. I was sad THAT I left England because my visit WAS too short. I would LIKE to return to England but THIS time I will stay for a longer time. Shohie
Dear mary, How are you. I __RECEIVED__ (receive) your letter last week. Thank you for the recipe for the cake I __ASKED__ (ask) for. I __MADE__ (make) it last week and it __WAS__ (be) very nice. I now __HAVE__ (have) a new job in a supermarket in the city centre. I __GO__ (go) there every day at 3 o'clock in the afternoon and __WORK__ (work) there till 10 o'clock in the evening. I __AM__ (be) very happy because my sister __WORKS__ (work) there too so we __TRAVEL__ (travel) to and from work together. I __GOT__ (get) my first wages last week and I __WENT OUT__ (go out) immediately and __BOUGHT__ (buy) a new stereo for my bedroom. It __IS__ (be) gold and black and __LOOKS__ (look) very nice. My brother __IS COMING__ (come) to stay with me for a few days next week so I __AM__ (be) very happy. He __IS ARRIVING__ (arrive) on Saturday so I __AM GOING__ (go) to collect him from the station. After I collect him, we __ARE GOING__ (go) to that Mexican restaurant near the park. __DO YOU WANT__ (want? ) to come with us? You can __TELEPHONE__ (telephone) me to tell me if you __WANT__ (want) to come or not. John __TELLS__ (tell) me that you __PASSED__ (pass) your Spanish exam last month. Congratulations. __WAS IT__ (be? ) difficult? You __KNOW__ (know) that I __AM__ (be) terrible at languages but you are better. __ARE YOU GOING__ (go? ) to visit Spain for your next holiday so you can __PRACTICE__ (practice) it? Please write to me soon with all your news, Mary. All the best Sara.
Dear Mr. Jones Thank you for your letter. Our next course starts In three weeks on Monday 9 May and it costs £ 250. If you prefer to begin In June, we have another course then. I hope there\thisis the Information you want. Yours. K. May
Dear mr. Jones Thank you for your letter. Our next course starts in three weeks, ON Monday 9 May and it costs $250. If you prefer TO begin in June, we have another course then. I hope THIS is the information you want. Yours K May
Dear Shane, As you KHOW, a few days ago I invited you to visit me next week. I'm sorry BUT I need to delay it because there is my sister's birthday party THAT day. Could you COME here on 7th of May. See you soon, Robert
Dear Sir I read your advertisement for English courses in the newspaper. I would like to have some more information. How much does a course cost and when does the next course start? Thank you. Sam Jones.
Dear sir I read your advertisement for English courses in the newspaper. I would 1. like to have some more information. How 2 . much does a course cost and when does the next course start? Thank you Sam Jones Dear Mr. Jones Thank you for your letter. Our next course starts in three weeks, 3. on Monday 9 May and it costs £ 250. If you prefer 4. to begin in June, we have another course then. I hope 5 this is the information you want. Yours K May
Deserts exist in every continent of the world apart from Europe. A region can be called a desert if its AVERAGE annual rainfall is under 250 mm. WHILE most deserts are hot, there are also cold deserts, such as Antarctica, a desert made almost completely of ice. Deserts are often THOUGHT of as impossible places to live in, but they are actually home to a WIDE range of plants and animals. With so LITTLE rainfall, plants grow slowly and only flower on rare occasions.
Diamonds are forever The word diamond' comes from the Greek word 'adamas', meaning 'unconquerable' and they have been a source of fascination for centuries. A diamond is a transparent gemstone consisting of carbon, 1) one of the earth's most common elements. It is well-known for 2) being the hardest substance, natural or synthetic, known to man. It is thousands of times harder than corundum, the next hardest substance from 3) which rubies and sapphires are formed. Even after many years 4) of constant wear, a diamond will preserve its sharp edges and corners when most other stones have become worn and chipped, maintaining its natural brilliance. However, many people suffer under the misconception that a diamond is
Different religions From our earliest days, many people (1) have. believed in a power or powers greater than themselves. This belief is known as religion. In ancient times, it was a way to (2) make sense of the mysteries of the (3) natural world; evil spirits were thought to be responsible (4) for bad weather and disease, for instance. Ancient peoples felt that they had a measure of control over (5) their lives when they made offerings and prayed to friendly spirits, whom they believed could help them win battles or 6) growbetter crops. Even today, when people know the scientific explanations for such things as thunder or the eruption of volcanoes, (7) many look to religion to explain some of the other hard-to-understand things (8) which we experience as humans – things like the purpose of life or the reasons for tragedies. (9) Although most religions spring from the same basic human need to (10) believe in a great power or powers, the ideas, practices, and traditions that religions involve can be very different.
Dogs and wolves Analysis of DNA extracted from a fossil tooth recovered in southern Siberia confirms that the tooth belonged to one of the oldest known ancestors of the modern dog. Human domestication of dogs dates back to before the beginning of agriculture about 10, 000 years ago, but exactly when modern dogs emerged as a species distinct from wolves is still unclear. While/Although some previous studies have suggested that this separation of domestic dogs and wolves occurred over 100, 000 years ago, the oldest known fossils of modern dogs are only about 36, 000 years old. The research evaluates the relationship of a 33, 000 year old Siberian fossil to modern dogs and wolves based on DNA sequence. The researchers named this fossil the Altai dog after the mountains from where it was recovered. They found is more closely related to modern dogs and other prehistoric ‘canids’ found on the American continents than it is to wolves. They added that their results suggested a more ancient history of the dog outside the Middle East or East Asia, the regions that had, until then, been thought to be the centers where dogs originated
Elephants When you think about the (1) features of an elephant do you think of their amazing trunks, beautiful ivory tusks, their large flapping ears, or just their immense size? As you (2) may already know, elephants are the largest land animals in the world today. (3) Eachpart of their anatomy is helpful to the elephant to survive in their environment. But it is the elephant's trunk that is the (4) most important to them. (5) Because their trunk has over 40, 000 muscles, it allows the elephant to move their trunk in many different positions, and gives them the ability to grasp and to (6) pick up objects. Their trunks are also very strong. In (7) fact, they could uproot large trees from the ground if they needed to. The elephants also use their trunks to communicate (8) with, and for their sense of smell. Even though an elephant has a total of 24 sharp teeth, they only (9) put to use two or three of these teeth (10) at. the same time
Fashion Throughout history people have worn clothing of one description or another. Apart from protection against the weather, clothes were also often used to show the wearer’s status and wealth. Over the years, numerous fashions in clothing have come and gone. wearer/ while some of these have been popular for relatively short periods, others have lasted longer. Until the first half of the 20th century, the ability to follow fashion was limited to thhad the money to do so. But following fashion did not only demand money, it also required large amounts of leisure time. Wealthy people took fashion very seriously and close attention had to be paid to detail.
Food preservation Keeping food for long periods of time was historically a huge problem. This proved especially crucial at/in times when agricultural production was severely limited by weather or crop failure. People commonly used ice to keep food fresh but, of course , ice itself melts relatively quickly. In 1859 an American, John Mason, invented a glass jar with a metal screw-on lid, creating a perfect seal and making it possible to preserve food that would previously not have remained edible. Mason’s jar Is still in is throughout the world. An even more successful method for keeping food by canning it in metal containers was perfected between 1870 and 1920 by Englishman Bryan Donkin. This preserved food beautifully, though the early iron cans were expensive, heavy and difficult to open. A breakthrough came in the 1880s with the development of lighter materials which also enabled mass production of cans.
Getting involved in student life It is important to remember that going to university or college is about so much more than just studying. There are a lot of ways to enjoy life socially too. Join a student society, for example. Joining societies is a great way of meeting lots of new people, making new friends and having fun. There is usually something for everyone. Being part of a sports team or just playing for pleasure is another good way of taking part in student life. So if you love sport, join a club. Not only will you have a brilliant time and meet lots of new people, it’s also a great way of keeping fit. Hello Irena Rome is fantastic. The weather’s hot sunny at the time. I’m staying at a wonderful hotel. It’s the near the old part of the city. It has a swimming pool on the roof. When I am swimming I can see some old Roman buildings. Tomorrow I’m going shopping. I want to buy some Italian coffee for my mother. I hope it’s not expensive because I don’t have much money
Getting on Well at Work Most people spend so much of their lives at work that it's VITAL to develop good relationships with those around them. Humour is always a help. If you can laugh at yourself and with your colleagues, you’ll be more than HALFWAY there. Don’t be upset by teasing; touchy people always get more than their FAIR share of people making fun of them because they are seen to be vulnerable. It’s a hard world, and you have to be quite tough to WITHSTAND the pressures. The best practical advice is to try hard to keep on top of the job. If you feel comfortable about this, you’ll be less anxious and have more energy left to DEVOTE to the crucial task of relating to others.
Going on a long walk If you are going to go for a long walk in the country, you need to prepare\get ready well for it. First of all, you should get yourself a good map and plan the route clearly. You might be able to use your mobile phone to find your way but it may not always work, especially in the hills. Make sure you check the weather before you leave. If it's going to get very cold, you need to take warm clothes with you. It's best not to go walking alone and you should always make sure you tell someone where you are going. Graphology at work Can your handwriting reveal anything at all concerning your character? Enough, perhaps, to decide whether you will get the job that you have applied FOR. Graphology, the science of analything handwriting is being used by recruitment personnel in growing number of companies. Business consultant Eleanor Sturgeon says ‘Companies find it helpful but it all depends on both HOW much they know about graphology AND the way they use it. Sturgeon points out that handwriting analysis is only part of the recruitment process. ‘If someone doesn’t get a job, she says, ‘it want be just BECAUSE of their handwriting. Almost certainly, they wouldn’t HAVE got the job anyway.
Graffiti- is it art? Graffiti began in the 1960s in New York City when someone started writing his signature or " tag" on as man surfaces ashe could. Other young people copied him and soon there were designs and paintings on walls everywhere. Grafitti also takes the form of slogans whish put across the artists opinions about certain social and political issues. Graffiti is something you either love or hate. On the other hand, there are people who believe it is a form of artistic expression, and grafitti may even be found on display in famous art galleries. Grafitti is actually illegal and some countries try to deal with the problem by not allowing people under the age of 18 to buy spray paints. In other contries, the authorites provide special walls where people can practice graffiti. Whichever way you look at it graffiti is a popular form of expression.
Guitar experience It's inevitable that as artists become accomplished in their craft the knowledge and depth of understanding of the tools they use to create their art becomes accomplished as well. A painter knows he has several types of brushes to choose (1for. His experience (2) to taught him that certain brushes (3)for produce specific strokes, producing the desired result on the canvas, enabling the vision in his head to become realized. In the world of guitar playing, (4) there is a wide array of tools (5) to a player can choose to create his or her art. Becoming knowledgeable and experienced (6) to matching the right tool to facilitate your musical inspiration can be a long road that's sometimes filled with unexpected bumps and lessons learnt the hard way. (7) but, attaining that knowledge and experience can often prove the difference (8)to satisfaction and disappointment; and in some cases, employment and unemployment. But how do you learn and under what conditions? From my observations, most players get information in one of two ways.
Gutenberg Before Gutenberg (1394 – 1468), all books had to be copied by hand. The so-called ‘manuscripts’ of medieval times were laboriously hand-written, usually by monks (1) WHO/THAT... devoted years (2) TO... the work. Earlier attempts had been made to produce printing ‘blocks’. The designs on playing cards (3) FOR... example were carved from wooden blocks which were inked and then printed onto cards. There are even examples of whole pages in books being hand carved and printed. Gutenberg however came up with the idea of printing using, not whole page blocks, but letter blocks. (4 BECAUSE)... he was a goldsmith (5) BY... trade, he knew how to mould metal into whatever shape was needed. He made thousands of tiny blocks of ‘type’, (6). EACH.. with a letter raised on it, which could be lined up and clamped into position in a ‘forme’ (page block). The type could be linked, paper laid on top, and the whole thing compressed by turning a handle. When released, the paper had the page printed on it. Years of work went into this invention. Gutenberg (7).. HAD. to make the letters, develop an ink which would cling to metal (most didn’t), build the forme, and above (8). ALL .. find the money to do all this while not working as a goldsmith.
Hello Alastair, I'm in Amsterdam, a beautiful city. I came on in by at train from Den Haag. I'm staying in a lovely hotel next near close local the sea. I would like seeing see to see saw everything, despite but unless so I only have little few a few a little days. This afternoon I'll go to a gallery. Love Charlotte Привет, Alastair,
Hello Sergei I am studying very hard at the moment. I find A lot of the subjects difficult, but THEY are all very interesting. I hope I can get a good job when I HAVE finished the course. I WOULD like to go and work INanother country because I enjoy travelling. Alice
Henry Davies In 1948 businessman Henry Davies was reading a newspaper when he suddenly COME across an advertisement showing a house FOR sale overlooking a river. Davies was interested in sitting up a hotel, and this house seemed to be exactly WHAT he was looking for. Davies called his hotel ‘The Riverside Hotel’. He ran the hotel himself but he hired a top chief. Geoffrey Dawson, to do the cooking. The partnership lasted for almost 50 years. During THIS time, the hotel won several awards for the quality of its food. The Riverside Hotel has inspired many other hotel owners TO create similar hotels.
Hi Silvio, There is GOING to be an extra swimming competition next week and not ENOUGH/MANYpeople in the team ARE free to do it. Jane WANTS you to swim in six races! Is that TOO much swimming for you? What do you think? Lars
Hi Jan, Dad and I are having a lovely time on holiday here. We go to the beach every day and THERE is lots to do at the hotel in the evening. Last night, they had a dance. It was excellent! The hotel shop has some lovely leather handbags. I will by one FOR you tomorrow. Our flight will LEND/ARRIVE at the airport at 10. 00 on Saturday evening so will not get home until midnight. I HAVE forgotten my front door key so don’t go to bed early! SEE you soon. Love Mum and Dad Hi Miguel Do you remember that you BORROWED my tent three weeks ago? Can you give it BACK to me SOON, please? I need it before next Friday AS I'm going camping with SOME friends. Thanks, Maria
Hi Helga I wanted to tell you that I went to the seaside last Saturday with my friends. I was really glad they phoned me because I was feeling fed up and I was relieved to have something to do. But when we got to the sesiade I realized they where going tj the theme park and I’ve always been scared of the big rides. I got a bit angry because they hadn’t tol d me. But in the end they persuaded me to go with them. I could feel my heart beating faster and faster as I sat there waiting for the first ride to begin, but as soon as it started I forgot to feel anxious about it because it was such fun. When I got off, I was surprised to realize how much I’d enjoyed it and I went on all the other rides to. You must come with me next time.
Hi Jean I'm REALLY sorry but I won't be able to go to the circus with you today. I haven't finished my math project YET and it's DUE in tomorrow. How about GOING to the cinema next weekend instead? Saturday's best FOR me. Jim
History from the sea. An ancient ship has been discovered beneath the waters of the Mediterranean. The ship, which sank off the coast of Tunisia more than 2, 300 years ago, is already giving historians fresh insights into trade and diet in the ancient world. The remains of the ship were found last August on the final day of an expedition undertaken by American scientist Robin Asquith. Three of his team who, were using a miniature submarine to explore the seabed, spotted rows of storage jars and some rotted wood. One of the jars was brought to the surface by a diver, and inside it the scientists found bones belonging to freshwater fish, and some olive stones. After examining the contents and design of the jar and other evidence, De Asquith concluded that the ship had been following a trade route when one sank, probably in a storm. He intends to return to the site of the shipwreck, 32 km from the coast, so that he can conduct further investigations. He hopes to excavate making use of a new robot that uses sound to make a computer plan of the wreck, and in this way create an accurate picture of what the ship looked like
Holidays Whatever you do in tourism, you are likely to have a (1)one of contact (2)or other people. This can be both enjoyable (3)to difficult. You will soon find (4)out how often people behave unlike their usual selves while on holiday, or trying to arrange a holiday. (5)although they stay in their own country or go abroad, they want to get away from it all, they (6) are paying hard-earned money to relax from work, and they want value (7)for. money. They will also be in unfamiliar surroundings and unsure of themselves. When things go well their happiness is infectious - it is very rewarding helping (8) to and contributing to the enjoyment of their holiday. When things go badly, clients blame the hotel staff or tour operator's representative, even if it isn't their fault. You've just got to keep calm and keep smiling when people are shouting at you.
Honey Honey IS made by bees from the nectar that they collect from flowers. It’s natural sweetener and can be used just AS it is to spread on bread or toast, or added to sweet and savory dishes. THERE are many different flavors of honey. Both flavor and color vary, depending ON the flowers the nectar was collected from and the production method used. Generally, THE darker the color, the stronger the flavor.
How would you like to visit a rainforest How would you like to visit a rainforest, explore the bottom of an ocean and still be home in time for dinner? Well, if you live in Omaha, USA, you can! The Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha is like no any/other zoo. There arelots of wild and endangered animals here but they live in an environmental exactly liketheir own. The zoo includes the world’s largest indoor rainforest, known as The Lied Jungle. You can cross rope bridges, walk through caves and admire wonderful waterfalls. Leopards and pythons move through the bushes, monkeys jump from tree to tree and birdsfly Above your head. The zoo is home for /to Many species including bears, giraffes, deer, jaguars and pumas. Next to the Lied Jungle is the Kingdom of the Seas Aquarium. Here you can see penguins sliding off ice cliffs into The cold water below. Take a walk along the 25-metre glass tunnel which runs through a big tank, with a wide variety of fish swimming around you. The zoo is open every Day of the year except Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day
John Ruskin (1) In the nineteenth century, John Ruskin, an English writer and art critic, made great efforts to encourage people to draw. He believed that drawing was a skill that was greatly neglected in schools and 1) claimedthat it was even more important to the human race than writing. In order to improve the 2) situation he gave a series of lectures at the Working Men’s College in London. These lectures 3) attracted large audiences, which further 4) strengthenedRuskin’s belief that everybody should have the opportunity to learn how to draw. For Ruskin, drawing was of value even when done by people with no talent. He felt that, when we are involved in the process of drawing something, we have to look at it very 5) closelywhich leads to a deeper appreciation of the thing itself.
John Ruskin (2) In the nineteenth century, John Ruskin, an English writer and art critic, made great efforts to encourage people to draw, believing that this was a much- neglected skill. As well as giving lectures, he published two books on drawing, which 1) widelyread. Ruskin’s efforts were not 2) amiedat turning people into good artists but at making them happier. He felt that when we are involved in the process of drawing something, we become aware of the different parts which 3) makeup the whole. It is in this way that we 4) cometo a deeper appreciation and 5) understandingof the thing itself.
Journey to the lost city The four-hour rail journey to Machu Picchu is nothing short of spectacular. On either side of the tracts you will see steep mountains towering above. As the outlines of the ancient site loom out of the mist you will catch your first glimpse of the silent ruins of the lost city which stand on a high ridge with a great view of the Andes Mountains. On opposite sides of the ruins you will be able to look straight down at different river vallevs. You can follow an ancient stone road which leaves the site to climb to a gap known as the Gate of the Sun. Although the climb is exhausting the astonishing scenery makes for an unforgettable experience. Even though the Incas left few clues behind when they abandoned Machu Picchu some 500years ago it’s believed to have been one of the homes of the royal family. A walkingtour of the site will take you about four and a half hours but the experience will be well worth the effort.
Juggling 1 Juggling involves throwing a number of objects up into the air and catching them again. Probably the greatest juggler was Enrico Rastelli, who was born in Sineria in 1896. Although Rastelli spent some of his early years in Italy, it WAS in Russia that he acquired his jugging skills. He was able to juggle AS many as eight balls at the same time. However, WHAT made him a genius was his perfect style, rather THEN the number of objects he could juggle. One of his specialties was throwing a ball into the air, and then catching IT on a stick held in his mouth, a practice later copied by other jugglers.
Juggling 2 Juggling involves throwing a number of objects up into the air and catching them WITHOUT dropping a single one. Probably the greatest juggier the world has ever known was Enrico Rastelli, who was born in 1896. He started using rubber balls MADE of the cotton balls that were IN use at the time. These rubber balls are now standard. It was Rastelli, too, who began the now commonly seen practice OF throwing a ball into the air, and then catching the ball on a stick held in his mouth. The degree of control shown BY Enrico Rastelli has never been equaled. Everyone agreed that his performances were truly astonishing.
Karakamia wildlife sanctuary The Karakamia reservev is located not (0) far from Perth in Western Australia. Suburban is not usually a word that you (1) associate with a wildlife paradise, but Karakamia is actually part of the township of Chidlow. The land was purchased by the Australian government in 199q with the (2) aim of protecting threatened species of indigenous wildlife. That where there is a nine-kilometre fence around it, designed to (3) keep out species introduced by European settlers, (4) including foxes, cats and rabbits. The sanctuarý (5) takes its name from the Aboriginal word meaning ' home of the redtailed black cockatoos', and at dusk the air is (6) filled with the calls of these birds. This is when the sanctuary is at its most magical. A guided walk by spotight is the perfect way to experience it. Many of the animals are quite tame, which means you can (7) observe them at close quarters and get an idea of what Australia was like (8) prior to European colonisation.
Keep on learning It doesn’t matter if/ whether you are still at school or in Full-time employment, making the effort to learn new things is very important. Most of us have a few subjects on which we focus. These may be associated with our study or job, or sometimes ahobby. Although it is obviously important to develop a deep understanding of what matters to us most, it is equally worthwhile to extend our range of knowledge beyond what we are familiar with, and that is thue at any age. So the best advice is to find the time to take on new challenges and learn new skills outside the areas where we feel most comfortable. People often choose subjects such as new languages, computer skills, or painting. If you can’t get to a class, then you can go online. Online courses can easily be found, and learning online means you put in as much time as you want each day.
Keeping Kitten Healthy A healthy kitten doesn't just happen. As the (1) owner you need to be proactive, because your kitty can't (2) tell you when she feels sick. You should start as (3) soonas you bring her home - may be even before. Take the kitten to get checked (4) out within the first week (5) at home; or before you bring her home if you have other cats. You need to play voyeur when your kitten poops and pees, feel for lumps and bumps (6) during her monthly exam, and watch for signs she's just under the (7) weather. Take her to the vet annually and keep her current on her vaccinations. One of the most important decisions you can (8) make about your kitten's future is whether to have him (or her) fixed. Just a simple snip as early as eight weeks old can mean the difference between your boy cat peeing on the wall or properly in the litter box.
Kingston Overwhelming and fascinating in equal (1) MEASURE?, Kingston is quite unlike anywhere else in the Caribbean. (2) GIVEN? its troubled reputation, it's hardly surprising that few tourists visit, and while the scare stories are absurdly exaggerated, Kingston is certainly not a place for the faint-hearted. In the 1950's, Ian Fleming called it a " tough city", and that still (3) HOLDS? true today. Jamaica's capital is rough and (4). READY?, a little uncompromising, but always exciting and absorbing. With just under 600, 00 residents, Kingston (5) SEETHES? with life, noise and activity, and if you venture downtown, you'll see the (6) ROUGH, ? edges. Nonetheless, the capital offers a look at a side of Jamaica that couldn't be more different from the resorts. As well as being the seat of government and the island's administrative centre, Kingston is Jamaica's cultural heart, the city that spawned Bob Marley, Buju Banton, Beenie Man and countless other reggae stars. If you do decide to visit – and it's well worth the effort for anyone with even a (7). PASSING? interest in Jamaican culture – you'll find that not only is it easy to steer clear (8) OF? the troubled areas, but that there's little of the persistent harassment that bedevils parts of the north coast.
Light pollution Light pollution occurs when powerful electric lights around us stop us seeing the stars in the night sky. Amazingly, many children growing up in big cities today HAVE never seen the night sky properly because of the increase in light pollution. And it is NOT only in cities – people living in the country are also affected BY lights from nearby towns. It is a problem for those simply trying to enjoy the stars, and for serious astronomers AS well. However, one university in the UK has come up WITH an interesting solution. It has built a telescope in the Canary Islands and allows schools to use this via the internet.
London parks London is famous 1. for its parks and gardens. Some of them belong to the Crown 2. but they are all open to the public and the entrance is free of charge. In St James's Park you can watch and 3. feedswans, ducks, geese and other water birds. Hyde Park 4. used to be a hunting ground and is still popular with horse riders. Those 5.. wholike a good argument should go to the Speakers' Corner to listen to individuals (6) giving... their speeches on various subjects. Regent's Park now houses London Zoo and open-air theatre where Shakespeare's plays are staged 7. in. summer. Not 8. all the parks are in the city centre. Greenwich and Richmond are located in the suburbs. All these areas of green give the city dwellers an excellent 9. chance to enjoy some peace and quiet 10. away from traffic and crowded streets. Milena carvalho I already did the exercise, but I would like someone to tell me if it is correct or not. Thanks. The homing instinct is what makes certain animals, birds and fish return (1). To the place they consider home. Cats often have this instinct. It was particularly strong in an American cat called Ninja, which disappeared shortly (2). WHEN its owners had taken it to their new home; a year later the cat turned up at its old home even (3). THOUGHT this was 1, 360 kilometres away from (4)WHERE its owners were living now. Other cats now not travel so far but many (5)GET on going back to their old home. Pilsbury, an English cat, made a 13-kilometre journey back to its former home 40 times in spite of having to cross several busy roads to (6)DO so. Pigeons also have the homing instinct and, ever (7)THAT ancient time, human beings have used them to carry messages back home. However, cat onwers, (8). WILL have to keep returning to their old adress in (9). ORDER to bring their cat home, tend to find the horming instinct simply irritating rather than useful or interesting.
Luxemburg The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy headed by Grand Duke Henri of the House of Nassau. Economically, the (1) STRENGTH of its banking and (2) FINANCIAL institutions has attracted more than 200 foreign banks, including the headquarters of the European Investment Bank. The 480, 000 (3) RESIDENTS. have among the highest income levels per capita of any country in the world. Agriculture is still (4) IMPORTANT... . Around half of the total land area is farmed, though less than 5% of Luxembourgers now live and work on farms. Despite problems caused by overproduction of European wines in general, the vineyards are still (5) COMPETITIVE. And the enchanting Luxembourg countryside, (6) PARTICULARLY its northern reaches in the Ardennes, is a popular holiday destination for Luxembourgers and (7) VISITORS from neighbouring countries. Having played a key role in establishing the institutions that evolved into the European Union, Luxembourg today hosts the secretariat of the European Parliament. In such a small country, with bigger neighbours on its doorstep, Luxembourgers have a distinctive individuality that even extends to the (8). NATIONAL. language, Letzebuergesch, which is vaguely related to both French and German, yet quite different from both. Moving pictures Moving pictures were invented by the brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere at the end of the 19^th century. Movies very QUICKLY became popular all over the world. In 1907 the first studios were built in DISTRICT of Los Angeles called Hollywood. It was the perfect place, close to many kinds of natural scenery. BY the 1920s, Hollywood was the central of the world film INDUSTRIA. To begin with, the movies had no sound. Words Applied on screen from time to time to explain the story.
Messages from the stone age The pre-histonc Chauvet cave paintings in France are an incredible(O)sight. They are over three metres high and are painted in (1) BRIGHT colours. The paintings were(2) PRODUCED in a period around 30, 000 years ago, when early humans first started to create rock art and various (3) EXAMPLES of this have been found in caves in Western Europe. Very few people have(4) ACTUALLY seen the Chauvet paintings because they are located (5) DEEP inside an inaccessible underground cave system. But those that have say that they are very impressive, showing animals(6) SUCH AS horses, rhinos and cows, and that the artwork is good enough to(7) RIVAL modem compositions. When they saw such spectacular beauty, however, the first scientists to(8) REACH the Chauvet paintings missed some other important(9) DETAILS The walls of the cave are also marked with a series of lines and symbols, that were initially (10) REGARDED as insignificant. The latest research has shown that, on the(11) CONTRARY these marks form a sort of code and may represent humankind’s first steps towards the development of writing. The oldest example of writing discovered before this was only 5, 000 years old. The new research at Chauvet is (12) CAUSING people to rethink their ideas about when written communication first started.

Mount Fuji For the Japanese Mount Fuji has long been the ultimate ----- of beauty. It is incredibly beautiful when see from any angle at all times of day and in any season. But the mountains does not only play a major part in the landscape-it has also inspired poets and artists for centuries and has come to be identified with Japan itself. From the top the sides of the mountain slope away then flatten out before reaching the ground. Here at ground level the foot of the mountain forms an almost perfect circle. To the north of Mount Fuji lie the famous Five Lakes. The lakeside area I a sea of colour in spring when the fruit trees are flowering and it is also a stunning sight in autumn when the leaves turnfirst brilliant red then many shades of brown. Indeed many of the best views of Mount Fuji are from these lakes whose still waters reflect the mountains beautifully symmetrical outline like a mirror. Both Mount Fuji and lakes are volcanic in origin and that is probably why traditional stories say that Mount Fuji appered overnight and for the same reason it may one day vanish just as suddenly.
Moving pictures were Moving pictures were invented by the brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere at the end of the 19th century. Movies very quickly became popular all over the world. In 1937 the first studios were built in a district of Los Angeles called Hollywood. It was the perfect place, close to many kinds of natural scenery. BY the 1920s. Hollywood was the center of the world film industry. To begin with, the movies had no sound. Words appearedon screen from time to time to explain the story.

My day I get up AT 6: 30 in the morning. I always run in the park. Then I HAVE breakfast. I drink a GLASS of orange juice and eat some bread. I work in a hotel. I CAN walk there because it’s near my flat. After work, I go to the gym for two HOURS. I always go to bed early.
My wife Penny and recovering from weekend visitors My wife Penny and I are recovering from weekend visitors. Don't misunderstand me – we enjoy company and love to (1)host our friends and relatives. But not this time. Fred and Kate were old friends from our college (2)days. So you would think we would have a fairly (3) good idea what sort of people they were, even though we hadn't seen them for (4)several years. We soon discovered, unfortunately, that our lives had (5) taken very different directions. Penny and I have two small children. Delightful but (6) tiring, they dictate the style of our life. (7) Like many other young couples, we find weekends are a matter of trying to snatch a few moments of relaxation in between catching up with all the (8) housework Kate and Fred (9) earn more money than us, they work longer hours, and they (10) expect their leisure time to be just that, leisure. The (11) most tiring thing Fred does on a Sunday is to walk up the road to the (12) local newsagent. To be (13)fair Kate wasn't as bad as Fred. But she wasn't much better. By the time they left, Penny and I were exhausted. We'd cooked, served and cleared up six meals without a (14) single offer of help. We didn't know whether to laugh or cry. Luckily, we (15) managed to laugh.
New York city New York city has (0) grown into the second largest city in North America. It is now a major business, cultural and shopping centre (1) attracting millions of visitors each year. Most tourists stay in the (2 )__ heart of the city, in Manhattan. It is easy to see the sights of Manhattan on foot or you can take a tourbus. There are cycle ( 3 ) lanes in the city if you want to hire a bicycle but you need to be brave! The subway is the quickest means of public transport but you will want to avoid the (4 ) rush hour. And, of course, there are the famous yellow taxis. There are few taxi (5 ) stations just wave your arm at a taxi with its light on. You will certainly want to visit Central Park, a huge open (6 )__ space ___ which is ideal for relaxing on a hot summer day
Nursery The nursery industry is literally a growing industry. It produces billions of plants every year, making (1). OUTSTANDING.. contributions to the forestry, vegetable, fruit, landscape, cut flower and parks industries. There will always be a demand for plants and, in turn, there will be a need for nurseries. Throughout the world, nurseries come in all types and sizes. Many are small family businesses, sometimes just a small hobby business to (2). SUPPLEMENT.. the family's normal source of income. At the other end of the scale are large (3).. MERCENARY. enterprises that employ dozens of people and grow millions of plants. No matter what size, a nursery always needs good management if it is to be (4) FINANCIAL... viable. This aims to show how to make a difference to the financial viability of any nursery (5) , IRRESPECTIVE... of size and type. Nursery (6) ACCREDITATION... schemes are an important new development in both the production and retail sectors. The schemes operate in many countries, with the aim of raising the status and (7) PROFESSIONALISM... of the nursery industry. The programs differ in their (8) TECHNOLOGICAL... focus and assessment procedures.
Old skills: new products If ancient skills which have been (0) handed down from generation to generation are going to survive, then we must find new uses for them. A good example is the cloth (1) known as Harris tweed, which is produced on an island off the northwest coast of Scotland. A few years ago, there was only one full-time weaver of the cloth left on the island. It was all that (2) remained of an industry that once employed a large (3) number of local people. But local producers are now providing material for use in a (4) range of fashionable handbags, hats and furnishings. This (5) change in the fortunes of the industry all started way (6) back in 2004, when a sample of Harris tweed was sent to Nike, the sportswear manufacturer. The company decided to use the material on a trainer called 'The Terminator' to demonstrate how (7) effectivety a traditional material can be incorporated into a modern product. This (8) led to a large order for cloth, which involved lots of people on the island rediscovering the ancient skill of weaving.
Oldest big cat fossil found in Tibet Scientists have identified a new big cat fossil. Found in the foothills of the Himalayas, the fragments are considered to be the oldest ones ever unearthed and have been dated BETWEEN 4. 1 and 5. 95 million years old. Their discovery in Tibet supports the theory THAT asserts big cats evolved in central Asia-not Africa- and spread outward. “this is a very significant finding as it gives us a great insight into WHAT early big cats may have looked like and where they may have lived”, reported Dr Tseng who led the 2010 expedition. Scientists used both anatomical and DNA data TO determine that the sculls belonged to an extinct big cat, whose territory appears to overlap many of the species we know today. The DNA evidence suggests they diverged FROM their cousins the Felinae-which includes cougars, lynxes and domestic cats- about 6/37 million years ago
Pablo Picasso was born Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain, the son of an artist, Jose Ruiz, and Maria Picasso. He took surname, which\that was more unusual than his father's. Picasso's career as an artist lasted for 75 years. Many people think that he changed modem art more than any other artist of his time Picasso died in France in 1973.
Pelicans Pelicans are remarkable birds. They have large pouches underneath their beaks which hold UP to three times as much as their stomachs, although they do not store their catch there. Brown pelicans are the smallest of species, EVEN if they do have an impressive wingspan of 2. 3 metres. In fact, pelicans flight is surprisingly graceful FOR birds that waddle clumsily on foot. UNLIKE other birds, which tend to form a V-shape when they fly in a group, pelicans usually fly one behind the other. In the past, many pelicans were affected by oil spills and by pesticides. Numbers have now started to rise again, but same species of pelicans are STILLat risk.
Perseverance Success often depends on a crucial quality: perseverance, the ability to keep going in adverse circumstances- with a cheerful countenance if at all possible. It is said that perseverance is a good trait unless it is applied to inappropriate aims. This places the emphasis on knowing which aims are appropriate ones. Some might say that an individual with absolutely no musical ability who perseveresin his endeavors to master the violin is abviously on the wrong track. But everyone else might reply that any worthy aim, for hovewer playing the violin, dignifies the struggle to achieve it.
Piano competition The international competition is from 25 February to 5 March this year, and it is even bigger THAN last year. Over 50 piano players from all over THE world are going to come this year. They will all have TO play three times. The person WHO wins will get 10000. There will BE a concert on the last night of the competition. Books your tickets on our website!
Piano competition The international Piano Competition is from 25 February to 5 March this year, and it is even bigger than last year. Over 50 piano players from all over the world are goingto come this year. They will all have to play three times. The person who wins will get 10000. There will be a concert on the last night of the competition. Books your tickets on our website! The homing instinct is what makes certain animals, birds and fish return (1). TO the place they consider home. Cats often have this instinct. It was particularly strong in an American cat called Ninja, which disappeared shortly (2)after its owners had taken it to their new home; a year later the cat turned up at its old home even (3)THOUGHT this was 1, 360 kilometres away from (4) WHERE its owners were living now. Other cats now not travel so far but many (5)carryon going back to their old home. Pilsbury, an English cat, made a 13-kilometre journey back to its former home 40 times in spite of having to cross several busy roads to (6). DO so. Pigeons also have the homing instinct and, ever (7)sinceancient time, human beings have used them to carry messages back home. However, cat onwers, (8)who have to keep returning to their old adress in (9)ORDERto bring their cat home, tend to find the horming instinct simply irritating rather than useful or interesting.
Prepositions The whole class was really enthusiastic about the trip to Disneyland Paris. 2. Anne has really put a lot of effort into planning this holiday, so she hopes she will have a really good time. 3. The management always puts special emphasis on the comfort of its guests. 4. On the day of the sale, crowds of people gathered before the shop opened, all eager for a bargain. 5 Are you familiar with this part of town? 6. San Francisco is famous for its magnificent Golden Gate Bridge. 7. All of our agents are experienced in all aspects of the business. 8. Let’s speak to Jeff. He’s an expert in travel in Asia
Pygmy Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus pygmaeus) The smallest of the three-toed sloths is the pygmy three-toed sloth. It is characterised by pale grey-brown fur that is often blotchy and tan-coloured face with a distinctive dark band around the eyes. Male adults have a bright orange patch on their back, through which a black band runs vertically. Sloths have an unusual means of camouflage to avoid predation; their outer fur is often coated in algae, and this gives the hair a greenish colour that helps conceal them in their forest habitat. Three-toed sloths can be distinguished from their distant relative, two-toed cloth, by the three digits on their forelimbs, blunter muzzle, and simpler chisel-shaped teeth
Radio Days. In the 1900s, people were keen to (1) ___ about new ideas and inventions, but perhaps the most popular and amazing idea of that decade was the radio. The first demonstration of the radio took (2) PLACE on Christmas Eve, 1906. On this day, wireless operators on ships off the cost of the USA became the world’s first radio audience. The Morse code they were (3) OF to was suddenly interrupted by the sound of a voice coming (4) AUDIENCE their headphones. They heard someone telling the story of Christmas and a violin playing Silent Night. The voice (5) LISTENING them a merry Christmas and then the Morse code started again. .. voice WISHED; radio SINCE; HOWEVER, after; THESE days
Restaurant Prize We would like to thank all the people who chose us as their favourite restaurant In the local Midboume newspaper competition. We were very happy to win the prize for most original menu. More than two hundred customers visited us last week, and we were full every night. Next week there will be several new dishes on the menu. Come and visit-we are the best place to eat In Mldboume!
Riverside Hotel The Riverside Hotel has had a reputation for excellent food ever 1) since the day it opened in 1949. It was started by a businessman called Henry Davies, who saw an advertisement for a house overlooking a river. He had been thinking of converting a family home 2) into a hotel, and this house seemed perfect. Davies 3) was soon running the hotel himself, but hired a top chef, Geoffrey Dawson. Within six months, the restaurant was 4) being heavily booked that Davies had to take on new staff. The hotel won several awards for the quality of its food. The present owner, Sally Rutland, has personally trained 5) a number of chefs who have gone on to become famous.
Running a marathon So you want to run a marathon? There is no doubt that running 42 kilometress is a great achievement. Many training plans involve running four times a week for at least three month, and sometimes longer. Experts strongly recommend tht you should get used to running long distances gradually. If you don’t, it can increase the chances of picking up an injury. It is generally thought that runners should initially go on fairly relaxced training runs. The pace should be gentle anough to allow you to have a conversatijn with someone running alongside you. Don’t make the mistake of eating too little before the race, or you will rapidly run out of energy. But neither shoul you eat a large meal / It goes without sayingthat choosing the right footwear is also essential. Whatever you do, avoid clothes made 0f cotton and go for artificial materials, or even some types of wool such as merino. Choose clothing made of of cotton and go for artificial materials, or even some types of wool such as merino. Choose clothing that will be comfortable
Saying Goodbye to the Rat Race A recent study has shown that people in Great Britain work harder than 1) anyone else in Europe with an average working week of 44 hours. However, more and more Britons are deciding to 2) leave the rat race in favour of a 3) much simpler life. Research shows that many people are not happy in their jobs and do not enjoy the work they do. One in fourteen British workers have already given 4) up high power jobs in order 5)to take less stressful ones, and more than half a million workers will 6) link them in the next three years. Why are so many people searching 7)of the simple life all of a 8) moment? Well, it seems that the pressures of work are greater than ever 9)still, and people are beginning to value free time more than a 10)long salary.
Shanghai seasons The great Chinese city of Shanghai has a generally much warmer climate than the capital Beijing, which is much farther/furher north. If the summers are much hotter and more humid than visitors expect, this is hardly surprising given that Shanghai is next to the sea and it lies as far south as parts of Mexico, or the Sahara Desert in Africa. Spring and autumn, though, are much more pleasant, with warm temperatures and blue skies. Also the violent thunderstorms that often occur in summer are, fortunately, much more common after September and before mid-June. Winter is perhaps not as warm as one mightlike, althoughit snowsmuch more often than in the colder interior of the country
Skateboard No one knows No one knows who made the first skateboard; it seems that several people came up with similar ideas purposes at around the same time. These first skateboards started with wooden boxes or boards with roller skate wheels fixed to the bottom. The earliest manufactured skateboards were used by surfers in their downtime; when an enterprising surf shop owner made a deal\bargain with a roller skate company to construct equipment from sets of roller skate wheels and square wooden boards. By the 1960s surfing manufacturers in Southern California were building surfboards on a large scale\numberand hiring teams of skateboarders toadventise\display\showtheirproducts in sports grounds and parks.
Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument on an area of land called Salisbury Plain - about seven miles north of the town of Salisbury in England. Stonehenge consists of a series of stone settings arranged in a circle and is considered one of the most complex stone circles in the world. Built as a religious temple, Stonehenge was first recorded by John Aubrey in the 17th century, although excavation of the site did not begin until 1919. Research has shown that there were three main periods of construct. . ion, beginning around 1800 BC and finishing in the 15th century BC, when Stonehenge was completely reconstructed. The fact that the monument is so large implies that many people must have worked together in a team to help build it. There has always been controversy over the exact function of Stonehenge. Although there is no doubt that it had religious importance, it was also known to have a special significance with regard to the sun. Records show that the site was used as a place of worship during the summer months and especially on June 21st, the longest day of the year. Today, Stonehenge is a major tourist attraction and is still believed to have a spiritual force, even to this day
Stop the Invaders Even if you take good (1) care of your body, you can still get sick sometimes. Germs can invade even a healthy body! Getting sick can make you feel miserable, but (2) there are some things that you can do to help yourself get better quickly and be more comfortable. (3). The first thing to do when you are not feeling well is to (4) letyour parents know. Sometimes it is hard to tell whether you have a cold, the flu, or something more serious. So your parents may take you to the doctor. Your doctor can (5) do tests that will let you know (6) what is making you sick. You may be sick (7) because of bacteria. Strep throat is an (8) example of an illness caused by bacteria. If bacteria has made you sick, your doctor (9) will give you antibiotics. Antibiotics are medicines that are designed to help your body get rid (10) of. the bacteria that is making you sick.
The ancient Roman City of Ostia The Roman city of Ostia took its name from the Latin ostium, meaning river mouth. According to texts from writer and poet Ennius, from historian Titus Levy, from the writer Cicero - to mention but a FEW scholars of Roman civilization - Ostia was founded around eight thousand years ago by Ancus Martius, the fourth king of Rome. The king was desperate to assure an outlet for the military and commercial expansion of Rome, WHICH at that time was still relatively small. After conquering the coastal populations standing in the way of this project, Ancus Martius HAD a citadel built near the mouth of the river. His soldiers were thus ideally located when it CAME to controlling navigation on the river Tiber. It is known that the design of the citadel MUST have been modified later, since the ruins of Ostia today contain hardly any original structures.
The badger The Badger's legs are so short, that its belly seems to touch the ground; this, however, is but a deceitful appearance, as it is caused by the length of the hair, which is very long all (1) OVER. the body, and makes it seem much more bulky than it really is. It is a solitary, stupid animal, that finds refuge remote (2) FROM man, and digs itself a deep hole with great assiduity. It seems to avoid the light, and seldom quits its retreat by day, only stealing (3). OUT.. at night to find subsistence. It burrows in the ground very easily, its legs (4) BEING short and strong, and its claws stiff and horny. As it continues to bury itself, it throws the earth behind it, to a great distance, and thus forms to itself a winding hole, at the bottom of (5) WHICH it remains in safety. As the fox is not (6) SO expert at digging into the earth, it often (7) TAKES possession of that which has been quitted by the badger, and some say, forces it from its retreat, by laying its excrements (8) AT the mouth of the badger's hole.
The cognitive benefits of video games Video games are a controversial topic these days. Do popular games cater enough to a female audience or if there such a thing as video game addiction? Yet, in spite of all of the negative perceptions and criticisms of video games, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting their benefits as well. A study published this past September suggests that playing Tetris can make your brain more efficient. Some medical education programs are supplementing training with Second Life sessions. And, most recently, a review of previous research on video games published in Current Directions in Psychological Science finds that regularly playing video games not only improves your skill at those particular games, but may also improve your reaction time and accuracy on real-life tasks. The findings of the review contradict the belief that while regular gamers can get faster at certain games, they lose accuracy—or become “trigger happy”—in the process. Not so, say re some researchers. In tests in which participants were instructed to view a monitor and respond when an object appeared in the target area, but ignore objects that appeared outside of the target area, gamers proved to be faster, but not more impulsive, than non-gamers. Researchers say that these findings indicate the benefits of certain video games for improving cognitive processing and accuracy, and may indicate practical applications for video game play—to close the gender gap sometimes seen in certain aspects of visual and spatial processing, or to slow the cognitive aging process in older people, for example. To close the gender gap sometimes seen in certain aspects of visual and spatial processing, or to slow the cognitive aging process in older people.
The Concept of Evolution Charles Darwin did not invent the concept of evolution. When he was a student in Edinburgh in the late 1820's, evolution was already the (1) TALK... ? of the town. But evolution was rejected by the establishment. Those who (2) ADHERED... ? to evolutionary thinking were called Lamarckists, after the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who was the first to propose that species are not static, but change over time and give (3) RISE... ? to new species. Lamarck had offered this (4) PERSPECTIVE... ? in a book published in 1809. He did not, however, propose a correct mechanism for (5) HOW... ? species change into each other. The mechanism was discovered first by Charles Darwin and independently by Alfred Russel Wallace. From reading the economist Thomas Malthus, Darwin was aware of the consequences of (6). EXPONENTIALLY.. ? growing populations. Once resources become limiting only a (7) FRACTION... ? of individuals can survive. Darwin was also an (8) ARDENT... ? observer of animal breeders. He analysed their methods and studied their results. Slowly he understood that nature like a gigantic breeder.
THE FIRST WOMAN SCIENTIST Hypanthia was born in Alexandria, in Egypt, in 370 A. D. For many centuries she was (1) the only woman scientist to have a place in the history books. Hypatia’s father was director of Alexandria University, and he (2) made sure his daughter had the best education available. This was unusual, as most women then had few (3) opportunities to study. After studying in Athens and Rome, Hypatia returned to Alexandria (4) where she began teaching mathematics. She soon became famous (5) for her knowledge of new ideas. We have no copies of her books, (6) because we know that she wrote several important mathematical works. Hypatia was also interested in technology and (7) invented several scientific tools to help with her work. At the (8) time many rulers were afraid of science, and (9) anyone connected with it was in danger. One day in March 415, Hypatia (10) was attacked in the street and killed.
The Giant Panda The giant panda is a beloved animal in China. It is regarded (1) as a national (2) treasure. It is found mostly in southwestern China in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The giant panda is part of the bear family. It has a white coat with black trimmings around its eyes and on its ears, arms, and legs. Adult pandas can be 5 feet (1. 5 meters) long and weigh (3) up to 330 pounds (150 kilograms). The giant panda leads a (4) solitarylife, except during the mating season. It lives in bamboo forests (5) in the mountains. It can climb trees but lives mainly on the ground. (6) Unlike most bears, the giant panda does not hibernate. It moves to low-lying areas during the winter in search (7) of warmer temperatures. The giant panda has a mainly (8) vegetariandiet, eating mostly bamboo shoots and leaves. It also eats insects and small rodents. Giant panda breeding groups are small and isolated from one another.
The Greyhound. The greyhound is a majestic looking dog with a long neck and head, and small ears. The coat of the greyhound is short and smooth and they come in a variety of colours including black, red, and white. They have long and powerful legs and small and compact feet that help them move fast. In fact, they are the fastest dogs around. Young healthy greyhounds CAN run up to 72 km per hour. They are also very easy to keep because they are very clean and do not require MUCH grooming. They usually live for ABOUT 15 years or sometims. In the past greyhonds WERE trained to hunt and were very good hunting dogs. They haven’t give UP hunting but nowadays they also have another purpose. Greyhounds have BEEN trained BY professionals for many years to run races, and MANY people go to the racetracks to watch them run. They had a lot of money for their owners.
The homing instinct The homing instinct is what makes certain animals, birds and fish return (1) TO the place they consider home. Cats often have this instinct. It was particularly strong in an American cat called Ninja, which disappeared shortly (2)afterits owners had taken it to their new home; a year later the cat turned up at its old home even (3)though this was 1, 360 kilometres away from (4)..... WHERE..... its owners were living now. Other cats now not travel so far but many (5) keep. on going back to their old home. Pilsbury, an English cat, made a 13-kilometre journey back to its former home 40 times in spite of having to cross several busy roads to (6)DO so. Pigeons also have the homing instinct and, ever (7). since ancient time, human beings have used them to carry messages back home. However, cat onwers, (8)who have to keep returning to their old adress in (9)ORDER to bring their cat home, tend to find the horming instinct simply irritating rather than useful or interesting.
The importance of friendship It is undeniable that friendship is important for just about everyone. Individuals with several close friends are usually happier than those without . Good friends often know things that family members may not be aware of, even though they have lived together for years. This is probably because when in the company of a good friend we share our secrets and dreams. Friends turn to one another for suggestions on how to solve their problems. There is tendency for close friends to be very honest, sometimes saying things the other person may not want to hear. Good friends stick together, and the best relationships me last a lifetime. It is no surprise that most friends have similar personalities, which reduces the rick of conflict. Howover, people don’t always have an accurate picture of whotheir true friends are. Research shows that in a surprising number of cases a person someone considers a good friend doesn’t feel the same about them.
The importance of physical activity The pace of modern life is fast, and most people have busy and demanding lives. So eating a balanced diet and doing physical activity can make a big difference to overall health. Although we are allawareof how important exercise is for us from your brains to your bones many people spend far too little time exercising. The good news is that it is easier than you may think to ﬁ t physical activity into your day because you can do it at any time and whereversuits you. Remember that your feet were made for walking, so use them when you get the chance. Walk around town. Ignore lifts and escalators and build up your leg muscles by climbing stairs. Next, get out and play. Kicking a ball about is fun, and it is also a great way to spend time together as a family. Finally, try doing two things at once! While you talk on the phone or watch television, stretch, lift weights or do household chores.
The Island of St Kilda We were entering our sixth hour at sea, sailing west onto the Atlantic from the Scottish mainland when we finally saw St Kilda. I knew the Island was a volcanic stone outcrop in the middle of the ocean – but I had no idea quite what to expect. St Kilda is so far enough out into the Atlantic to have its own weather: the storm systems roll across from Canada and catch here on the jagged heights of the, like sheep's wool on a barbed-wire fence. Consulting of a mountain range rising over 1, 400 feet, St Kilda is the most remote part of the British Isles and one of the most extraordinary. Thought to have been inhabited for at least two thousand years, there are traces of Neolithic sites. That this place was inhabited at all is remarkable, given the unforgiving landscape and weather, That this place was inhabited at all is remarkable, given the unforgiving landscape and weather, and the great difficulty in ever being able to land there.
The joy of photography Photography is a hobby with wide (appeal). And I don't mean taking photos on your mobile phone, though it cannot be (contradicted) that such pictures can be surprisingly good these days. Serious photography means taking the (trouble) to do some research, exploring the technical (aspects) of the subject and investing in what might be quite expensive equipment. So why take up photography? Firstly, it allows you to (capture) special moments that you want to remember forever. In addition, it (stimulates) your imagination because you are always in search of ideas for original and out of the ordinary photos. However, a lot of practice is required before you (manage) to take really good pictures on a regular basis. When you inally do it, it will be a (reason) of great satisfaction for you. Photography can also transform the way you look at the world. You start to see details that in the past you used to miss (completely). All in all, it's a highly absorbing hobby.
The Lonely Frog. Situated in the heart of the city on the bank of the river Shauno under the Penny Bridge, The Lonely Frog ____traditional French cuisine in a friendly and relaxed atmosphere. Enjoy traditional Cassoulet, Boeuf Bourgignon, Raclette, and MANY more tasty dishes and teste SOME of the best French wines around. The service is excellent and the staff is VERY friendly and all speak French. The dé cor INCLUDES small fountains surrounded BY plants and flowers and the music is a varied mix of French classics such as Piaf, Brassens and Ferre. The prices are a LITTLE bit expensive but if you are looking for excellent service IN a relaxing atmosphere go to The Lonely Frog and you WON’T be disappointed.
The moon Anyone taking the trouble to look (1) UPWARDS \| UPWARD... on a clear moonlit night cannot fail to be moved by the sight of our sister planet hanging up there in the sky like a silver ball casting (2) GHOSTLY... shadows on the Earth below. Few (3) INANIMATE... objects can have had such an influence over religion and the arts. And never is the Moon's visual impact more (4) IMPRESSIVE... than when it is full and just above the distant horizon. Under these conditions, the apparent (5) PROXIMITY... of the lunar disc to familiar terrestrial objects makes the Moon appear to be very much larger and closer than normal. But the fact that our (6) UNAIDED... eyes still cannot discern more than just a few dark blotches on its surface demonstrates that this effect must indeed be just an (7) OPTICAL... illusion. The light from the Moon cannot really become INTENSIFIED ... as it passes at a grazing angle through our atmosphere.
The netherlands Welcome to the Netherlands, a tiny country that only extends, at its broadest, 312 km north to south, and 264 km east to west - (1). ALTHOUGH.. the land area increases slightly each year as a (2) RESULT, of continuous land reclamation and drainage. With a lot of heart and much to offer, 'Holland, ' as it is (3) COMMONLY... known to most of us abroad - a name stemming (4) FROM, its once most prominent provinces - has more going on per kilometre than most countries, and more English-speaking natives. You'll be impressed by its (5) HISTORIC cities and charmed by its countryside and villages, full of contrasts. From the exciting variety (6) ON offer, you could choose a romantic canal boat tour in Amsterdam, a Royal Tour by coach in The Hague, or a hydrofoil tour around the biggest harbour in the world - Rotterdam. In season you could visit the dazzling bulb fields, enjoy a full day on a boat, or take a bike tour through the pancake-flat countryside spiced with windmills. The possibilities are countless and the nationwide tourist office, which is on hand to give you information and (7). MAKE reservations. You'll have (8) FEW language problems here, as the Dutch are true linguists and English is spoken here almost universally.
The philosopher, Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a 18^th century German philosopher in work initiated dramatic changes in the fields of epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and teleology. Like many thinkers of that period, he holds our mental faculty of reason whose high esteem. He believes that it is our reason that invests the world we experience with structure. In his work he puts forward the argument that our faculty of judgment enables us to have experience of beauty and grasp those experiences as part of an ordered, natural world with purpose.
The Sami reindeer herders. I was recently privileged to join a Sami reindeer herdsman to experience the 110- kilometer migration, a grueling and dangerous journey into Norway’s frozen north. On arriving, I stopped the different shapes of the reindeer trudging in single file through a deep snow. How many reindeer do you have? I asked Lars, the herdsman. He replied he didn’t know, but of course he did really. I ought to have know better. You don’t ask a Sami reindeer herder how many animals he owns; I might as well have asked to see his bank statement. Lars has granted permission for me and a group of tourists to accompany him as he believes it’s important to open up the reindeer herders’ little understood way of life. Lars explained, ‘We cannot keep our culture to ourselves any more. I want to share it with the outsiders because educating the outside world is the best way for us topreserve our identity’.
The Small Screen In the 1920s, people were keen to (1) LEARN about new ideas and inventions, but perhaps the most popular and amazing idea of that decade was television. The first public demonstration of the television took(2) PLACE on January 13th, 1928. on this day, the first television programme was broadcast in the home of Ernst Alexanderson in New York, USA. The world’s first television(3) AUDIENCE saw a large machine with a tiny screen which wasn’t black or white but pink. They saw a picture of a man (4) WHICH looked like he had been made using the x keys on a typewriter. The image was not very clear and moved (5) FROM side to side slightly. Magazines and newspapers(6) REPORTED this event with great excitement. People were amazed. Science fiction had suddenly(7) BECOME reality. Television was here and life would (8) NEVER be the same again. On May 10th, 1928, the first regular television programme was broadcast. This programme was a news report which was shown twice a day, three times a week. In those days, there were only a(9) FEW homes with television sets, but it would not be long before TV would take over the world. (10) THESE days, millions of homes ll over the planet have TV sets showing thousands of programmes on hundreds of channels. Television is a part of our lives, and it is here to stay.
The solar system The Solar System may be defined as consisting of all those objects that are governed by the Sun's gravitational field. Other effects arising (1) FROM the proximity of the Sun could equally (2) WELL be used as criteria, such as radiation pressure or interaction with the solar wind. (3) WITHany of these definitions the Solar System extends (4) OUT... to a distance of about two light-years; the closest star, Proxima Centauri, (5) ITSELF lying at a distance of slightly more than four light-years. Our knowledge of this region of space certainly does not reach as far as this, (6) , HOWEVER \| NEVERTHELESS, because the most distant Solar-System objects that we know about, the comets, seem to originate at a distance of no more than 50, 000 astronomical units, or less than a third of the total distance. (7). AS.. for the other Solar-System bodies known to us, they lie at distances of less than a few hundred AU. Our study is therefore confined (8) TO what is primarily the central region of the Solar System.
The Story of Gold The story of gold is an adventure involving kings, queens, pirates, explorers, conquerors, and the native peoples they conquered. Throughout history, gold has woven a magic spell over those it touched. Gold is beautiful and rare; a soft shiny metal that can be moulded into many (1) shapes. It has been used for money, jewellery, and to decorate special buildings such (2) as palaces and places of worship. (3) Wherever the precious metal was discovered, prospectors rushed to mine it, starting new cities and countries as they went. Gold and the people who love it have helped shape the world we live (4) in today. Gold is one of many elements, or substances that cannot be changed by normal chemical means, that are found in the Earth's crust. Gold has a warm, sunny colour and (5) because it does not react (6) with air, water, and most chemicals, its shine never fades. In its natural (7) state , gold is soft and easily shaped. When heated to 1, 062 Celsius it melts and can be poured into moulds to form coins, gold bars, and other objects. Stories have been told, movies (8) made and legends born about the discovery of the world's great gold deposits. It is a saga of dreams, greed, ambition and exploration.
Thomas Edison ON the night of October 21 1931, millions of Americans took part in a coast-to-coast ceremony to commemorate the passing of a great man. Lights went out in homes and offices from New York to California. The ceremony marked the death of an inventor - indeed, to many people, the most impotant inventor of all time: Thomas Alva Edison. Few inventors have had an impact great as his on everyday life. While most of his 1, 000-plus inventors were devices we no longer use, many of the things he invented played a crucial role in development modern technology, simply by showing what was possible. And one should never underestimate how amazing some of Edison's inventions were. In so many ways, Edison is the perfect example of an inventor, by which I mean not just someone who dreams up clever gadgets, but someone whose products transform the lives of millions. He possessed the key characteristics that an inventor needs to achieve a success of inventions. Sheer determination is certainly one of them. Edison famously tried thousands of materials while working on a new tupe of battery, reacting to failure by cheerily announcing to his colleagues: " Well, at least we know 8, 000 things that don't work. Knowing when to take no notice of experts is also important. Edison's proposal for electric lighting circuitry was received with total disbelief by eminent scientists, until he lit up whole streets with his lights.
Thursday, 6 March Dear Tom, We arrived in London two days ago. we have visited many places and seen a lot of interesting things. Yesterday, we went by bus to the British Museum. Tonight we have tickets to the theatre. I will telephone you when I return next week. Lots of love Colette
Tourism Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, and it is the fastest growing. It contributes over £ 50 billion to the economy annually, over £ 12 billion of it from overseas visitors. About 25 million overseas visitors (1) come to Britain each year. Tourism is one of the biggest employment (2) sectorsin the UK, too – it employs over 1. 7 million people, which is more than in the construction or health service industries. Around 20% of all new (3) jobs are in this industry. These figures are very impressive, but how do they translate (4) into job possibilities for you? There is room in this industry for all sorts of people, with different educational (5) backgrounds, personal attributes, interests and career aims. A tourist is really a traveller – someone who (6) makesa journey, usually for recreation, (7) like a holiday or sightseeing. (8) Therefore, tourism at its very simplest refers to the industry that provides travel and entertainment facilities for people away from their own homes.
Universal Wet Weekend The weather across much of the British Isles remained settled last week, with a good deal of sunshine. The rest of the world, however, was coping with some EXTREME conditions. Hong Kong had 333 mm of rainfall over the weekend, not far off the AVERAGE for the entire month of August. The southern Chinese town of Shanwei was SOAKING up the 468 mm of rain which fell in sixty hours up to midday on Sunday, NEARLY twice the usual August rainfall. Although most of Europe enloyed sun, the high temperatures were sufficient to set off some HEAVY_ showers. On Tuesday morning a thunderstorm at Lyon in eastern France deposited 99 mm of rain in lust six hours.
Vancouver Vancouver in western Canadais named after Captain George Vancouver of the British Royal Navy. However, Captain Vancouver was not the first european to visit the area. The coasts had already been explored by the Spanish. Captain Vancouver did not spend many days there, even though he was warmly welcomed by the local people and the scenery amazed him and everyone else who was travelling with him. The scenery still amazes visitors to the city of Vancouvertoday. First-time visitors who are in search of breathtaking views are usually directed to a beach which is about ten minutes from the city centre. There, looking out over the sailing boats racing across the blue water, visitors see Vancouver’s towering skyline backed by the magnificient North Shores Mountains. Then they sigh and say, “It’s so beautiful that I want to stay forever! ” You can’t blame them. The city is regularly picked by international travel associations as one of the world’s best tourist destinations. They are only confirming what the two million residents and eight million tourists visiting Greater Vancouver every a single year already know: there is simply no other place on earth quite like it. It’s not just the gorgeous setting where mountains meet the sea that appeals to people, but also Vancouver’s wide range of sporting, cultural and entertainment facilities.
Ways of communiicating People, in common with all social animals, must be able to communicate. EVEN through communication can one animal influence the behavior of ANOTHER. Human language is complex, allowing an infinite variety of new meanings. AS a rule, however, each animal signal conveys one, and only one message. But each single message may, however, contain several bits of relevant information. For example the call of certain insects, as well as giving information about social status, can also indicate THERE whereabouts. Information SUCH as this may play a crucial role in a species survival.
West African Elephant Tour. How to photograph. Welcome to the Sahel Elephant Tour! Here’s some advice on how to take great photographs of elephants. Please remember It's too dangerous to go near elephants on foot. You must always be\stayin the car for the whole tour. The guide will let elephants come close to the carwhen ===3====. Then you can take photos of these beautiful animals. Get your cameras ready for when the guide drives you to the river where elephants have baths and play In the wat in order to take some amazing pictures of the tour!
What is a coincidence? A coincidence is a surprising thing that happen to us. For example, two friends go shopping alone on the same day. When they met up afterwards, they discover they've each bought an identical T-shirt. Many people (1) regard coincidences as significant or mysterious. But the simple (2) explanation could be that friends tend to have similar taste in clothes. In reality, life is (3) full of coincidences, but normally we don't notice them. For example, in almost fifty percent of all football matches, two players share the same birthday. This seems surprising, (4) Tree climbing that there are 365 possible birthdays in the year. But most of these matches will be played without anybody being (5) aware that the coincidence exists. (6) Unless your birthday is today or tomorrow, you don't generally go around telling people when it is. What's more, without realizing it, you probably (7) come into contract with lots of people born on the same day as you. But when a coincidence is (8) brought to your attention, it still seems amazing.
What is Beauty? Have you ever wondered what makes people beautiful? Why do we 1) find some people more attractive than 2) others? They say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but is that really true? According to research, the friends, employees and role models that we choose depends 3) on their facial symmetry. That is, on how alike the 4) two sides of their face are. Scientists 5) say that human beings have developed this characteristic in order 6) to make sure that the healthiest and smartest humans survive. However, 7) having a more symmetrical face does not make one person better than another. Other human characteristics, 8) such as being kind, generous, caring and thoughtful are all important 9) for the survival of our species. It is therefore inaccurate, not to 10) mention unfair, to ignore these traits in favour of physical beauty.
Where were logo bricks invented? In 1932, a carpenter named Ole Kirk Kristiansen started a company in Billund, Denmark, that (1) madewood stepladders, ironing boards, and toys. He named the company LEGO, a word (2) formed by combining the first two letters of leg and godt, the Danish word (3) for " play well". Soon, Kristiansen (4) was making only high-quality toys out of wood. After World War II, LEGO started producing plastic toys. In 1949, the company launched Automatic Binding Bricks, (5) its first interlocking construction blocks. In the 1950s, the name was changed to LEGO bricks, and the company came out with the LEGO System of Play, (6) which included 28 sets and 8 vehicles. It (7) also began selling the toys (8) outside of Denmark for the first time. In 1958, LEGO received a patent for the modern bricks (9) so famous today. The new bricks not only had studs on top, but tubes inside that lock onto the studs of (10) others bricks and hold them securely together.
Who to respect When I was child a clearly remember being told that I should respect the elderly. To be honest, I culd not really see why I should do so; old people to me seemed to be out of touch, impatient, ill tempered and constantly going on about how things were better in their day. Of course, I did not includemy grandparents in that. I knew them personally and they were not at all like that- they were good company. Much more lively and interesting in every way. Now, as I approach old age myself, I realize that, although appearing to be morally righteous, the advice was wrong; we should treat all people equally . Everybody deserves respect.
Working at the Olympics With the Olympic Games coming up fast, interviews for voluntary work will begin soon. The organizers will be looking for people whose aim is to help make the Games a success for everyone, from athletes to members of the public, and who have excellent customer service skills. The work which may start several days before the Games actually begin, will be unpaid and staff will have to make their own arrangements for accommodation. In addition, they will have to pay their travel costs to the stadium or site where they will be working. There will be many different kinds of jobs, ranging from cheking tickets and handing out uniforms to showing spectators to their seats and tidying up after events hafe finished. Volunteers will have to give up two weeks of their summer holidays, and there will also be a training course, which lasts three days.
Без названия There were very many people at the party when we arrived but half an hour later, it was crowded. 2. How was I to know that she would have an allergic reaction to the nuts in the cake? She should have said something! 3. Arthritis is a very painful disease/condition that affects not only the old but also many younger people making many everyday activities difficult. 4. He said he couldn't come to the meeting because of a previous engagement but I think he is just making excuses. 5. You were driving at over fifty miles per hour and the limit here is only forty. 6. I have to go to school now, otherwise I will be late. 7. I can eat almost any type of fish or seafood except for octopus which I can't stand. 8. The city is pretty safe although you may have some problems if you go into certain neighbourhoods at night.
Без названия Excuse me. Could you not stand in front of me like that? I can’t see anything. 2. If you want to become a doctor, you will need to do well on biology but in the other sciences too. 3. Despite the cold outside, she insisted on only wearing a light T-Shirt. Don’t make fun of Mr. Peterson because I had a very nasty accident. 5. We don’t have to play musical chairs at the party. There are all/many kinds of other games the children can play. 6. I didn’t go to dentist’s because I wanted to.. I went because I had to! 7. Go down this street for about three blocks, then turn right when you reach to the crossroads. 8. That new car of yours isn’t at all similar as the one youhad last year. Why did you buy such a different one?
Без названия Tom always cuts across the parkon his way home. 2. John is trying to cut down on theamount of sweet food he eatsevery day. 3. She forgot to pay the bill, andnow herphone’s been cut of! 4. When he read the article, hefound that the most excitingpart has been cut out. 5. It’s cold today, so make sure you do up your coat. 6. I could really do with a cup of coffee right now. 7. Sooner or later we will have todo away with room keys and haveonly card keys.
Без названия 1. He prides_himself on his ability to remember faces and names. 2. The company broke even in its first year and made a small profit the following year. 3. I don’t know where I went wrong with this calculation; I’ll just have to start from scratch and do it all over again. 4. Peter doesn’t find his work very interesting, so he doesn’t commit himself to it very well. 5. Only those who register before 1 December will be eligible to enter the competition. 6. I couldn’t really agree with him as there were a number of flaws in his argument. 7. The board wants to make some radical changes in the company next year. 8. The party was cancelled at short notice, due to illness. 9. Success as an athlete is dependent on having plenty of self-discipline. 10. The boss tends to turn a blind eye to staff occasionally being late
Без названия I gave up my seat on the bus SO that an old woman could sit down. 2. The film was awful. The best thing ABOUT it was the photography which was beautiful. The film was shot in Cambodia. 3. What a strange looking dog! Do you know what BREED/TYPE it is? 4. DO me a favour and pass me the cell phone that's on the newspaper, please. 5. First you will need to go to the post office, WHERE you can buy all the stamps and envelopes you need. 6. If you haven't been to the doctor's for a check for over a year, you SHOULD go as soon as possible. 7. Madrid is a wonderful city but it has fewer parks THAN London which is a shame because of the hot and sunny weather there. 8. Turn the machine off! That alarm means it can't BE working properly.

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