The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 240, 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent units: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In everyday speech ‘Great Britain’ is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the United Kingdom is London, its political, economic, and business centre.

The British Isles lie to the north-west of the European continent and are separated from it by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the English Channel. The surface of the British Isles varies much. There are mountains on the north and west. The center and south-east is a vast plain. There are a lot of rivers in Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the largest river while the Thames is the deepest and most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate. It is mild the whole year round.

The United Kingdom is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of technology, machinery, textile and electronics. One of the chief industries is engineering.

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch, Queen Elizabeth II (the second), as a head. In law, Queen reigns, but does not rule. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected Government, with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament, the main legislative body, consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour and Conservative. The Conservative party is ruling nowadays. The Prime Minister is Boris Johnson.

The United Kingdom is one of the most powerful countries in the world.

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