terms and learned words – e.g. “…don’t you go to him for anything more serious than a pendectomy of the left ear or a strabismus of the cardiograp

terms and learned words – e.g. “…don’t you go to him for anything more serious than a pendectomy of the left ear or a strabismus of the cardiograp

poetic words

archaic words- e.g. …The Lord giveth and He takethaway, Ridges thought solemly.

barbarisms and foreign words (e.g. ad hoc (Lat.)= for this object

neologisms– e.g. Oh, it was the killingest thing you ever saw.

Colloquial layer: common colloquial words

slang – e.g. I’ve often thought you’d make a corking good actress.

jargonisms – The arrangement was to keep in touch by runners and by walkie-talkie.

dialectal words – e.g. “We’ll show Levenford what my clever lass can do. I’m looking ahead, and I can see it. When we’ve made ye the head scholar of the Academy, then you’ll see what your father means to do wi’ you. Butye must stick in to your lessons, stick in hard.”

vulgar words – e.g. “What the hell made you take on a job like that?”

“A regrettable necessity for cash. I can assure you it doesn’t suit my temperament.”

colloquial coinages

Some examples of slang:

kick / kick back (AM.E.)= relax;

lobster / green thumb (Am.E.) = a wealthy person;

breakfast of champions (Am.E.) – a first drink of the day, taken in the morning instead of breakfast;

chewed (Am.E) = tired;

forks(Am.E.) = fingers;

grabbers (Am.E.)= hands;

five-finger (Am.E.)= shoplifting;

shake a leg (B.E.)= to hurry, act fast

sugar daddy (B.E.)= an older man providing a young woman with money & presents in return for sex or companionship;

X.Y.Z.= examine your zipper;

BYOB= bring your own bottle

Y.Skrebnev distinguishes between what’s obsolete, what’s normal and what’s new. So there are three classes:

- archaic words

- current words of the epoch

- neologisms.

Lecture 2

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