Scottish English

Scottish, Irish and Welsh Englishes.

Scottish English

Scottish English (SE) is customarily distinguished from Scots, which is regarded by some linguists as a dialect of English and by others as a language in its own right.

The history of Scottish English is inextricably linked to that of 'Scots, ' whose history as an autonomous Germanic language dates from 1100. While its contemporary usage is restricted to a minority of the rural population, Scots is still seen as forming 'the substratum of general English in Scotland'. Scots achieved its greatest prominence in the 15th and 16th centuries, but after the Act of Union in 1603, a decline in its prestige and use followed. Throughout the 19th century, English rapidly gained ground through the expansion of education. Scots gradually lost the status of an autonomous language, and its position as a regional standard was eventually supplanted by that of 'Scottish Standard English, ' a compromise between London standard English and Scots'

The Scottish accent. As for standardised British English, there are long and short vowel sounds whereas this tends not to be the case in Scottish English where we have fewer vowel sounds. Examples: Caught Cot

In a standardised version of British English these two words would be pronounced differently with the first having a long vowel sound and the second maintaining a short sound. In Scottish English, these two words sound exactly the same as we do not tend to distinguish between long and short vowel sounds. Just as there is a clear difference in some of the vowel sounds between standard British English and Scottish English, there is also a big difference with how an “r” is pronounced. Example s: Girl World Curl

In standard English, the “r” in the examples above would almost vanish and not be pronounced, but the same cannot be said for the “r” in Scottish English. North of Hadrian’s Wall, the “r” is almost always pronounced and is sometimes almost likened to the “r” sound in Spanish. In other words, it is a much stronger sound than in standardised English. Pronouns in Scottish English Unlike standard English where the personal pronoun “you” is used in both singular and plural, this is not the case in the majority of Scotland where the personal pronoun “yous” is used as the plural. This can seem incorrect as in English a plural second person personal pronoun does not exist but this is linked to whether “Scots” is a dialect of English or an official language in its own right which just bears striking resemblances in both written and spoken English. Many have argued that it is more than a dialect but not quite reaching a fully fledged language.

Examples: Have yous finished your homework? Are yous okay? Yous won’t believe what I’m going to say.

In addition to using “yous” as a second person plural, Scottish English also allows for the first person plural pronoun “us” to be used in an informal way to represent the first person singular.

Examples: Can you tell us the news? He didn’t give us money when I asked him. In these examples it can be slightly confusing as most people associate “us” with the first person plural, not singular. It is important to keep in mind that this only refers to Scotland and in some cases the very north of England. The location use of this point is being stressed due to the fact that if this were to be used by someone in an area where it is not common, it could be misunderstood or sound strange.

Examples: https: //www. uv. es/anglotic/accents_of_english/02/examples_of_scottish_english. html

https: //public. oed. com/how-to-use-the-oed/key-to-pronunciation/pronunciations-for-world-englishes/key-to-pronunciation-scottish-english/

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8hGp6aHsZQY

Glaswegian is the name of the local dialect of Scots, commonly known as the Glasgow Patter.

Glaswegian evolved into its own unique thing because of its location. Glasgow is a port city in the western Lowlands of Scotland, near the River Clyde.

Like Liverpool, Glasgow traded heavily with Ireland. Many Irish people came to Glasgow for work. They spoke English and Irish Gaelic.

However, unlike Liverpudlian, Glaswegian is strongly influenced by Scottish languages and accents. Scottish Gaelic, different dialects of Scots, and English have all contributed to Glaswegian as we know it today.

Because of all these influences, Glaswegian sounds different from other Scots dialects.

If you go to Glasgow you will hear many words that are unique to the area. Here are some popular ones:

· Scunnered – Tired or exhausted

· Dafty/whalloper – An idiotic or stupid person

· Stoater – Something or someone that is fantastic or excellent

· Winch/nip – To kiss

· Gingie/ginger – Bottle of juice or soda pop

· Piece – Sandwich or slice of bread

· Square go – A fight

· Steamin’/reekin’/ mad wae it/oot ma nut – Drunk

· Boak – Disgusting or sick

· Haud yer wheesht – Shut up

· Greet – To cry

· Coupon – Face

· Minted – Rich

· Roaster/rocket – Annoying person

· Dinghy – To ignore someone

Examples: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3FBDCmibOM4

https: //welfareteam. wordpress. com/2014/10/21/glaswegian-for-beginners/

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