7. Telephone.

One of the most important and revolutionary inventions which impacts greatly upon modern day communication is the invention of the ………. The idea behind the …….. is simple, a system which converts sound into a series of electrical impulses of differing frequencies, and then reverses this procedure to re-create the sound, typically a human voice. Sounds simple enough, but it took many years and an array of different inventors to finally succeed with the technology.

As early as 1831, Michael Faraday proved that vibrations of metal could be converted into electrical impulses. This was the basic principle of the ………, but no one made use of such technology until 1861, when German inventor, Johann Reis, successfully built an apparatus that converted sound to electricity and back again. The apparatus had many flaws, incapable of transmitting many frequencies and therefore was never fully developed.

This idea was elaborated on by two men in the United States, who simultaneously began experimenting and creating what would be known as the …….. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell (a Scottish inventor), both worked hard to produce the equipment, and amazingly both filed for a patent within hours of one another, Bell beating his rival by merely two hours on February 14th, 1876.

The first comprehensible ……… conversation was said to have taken place between Bell and his assistant, who was sitting in another room. Bell said, " Come here, Watson, I want you" which Watson successfully heard via the receiver and the invention of the ……. was complete. The Bell …….. Company (AT& T) was soon established and grew to be the largest …….. company in existence.

The Bell …….. Company later developed the mobile …….. which was used by New York police cars in 1924. The first commercial mobile service was created in 1946, in St Louis, Missouri but it did not become commonplace until a following four decades.

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