THE GARUDA PURANA 20 страница

1. The term is especially applied to the Mah& bh& rata. CDHM, p. 128.

2. Pr& kftas generally meant the regional dialects.

3. The reference is perhaps to the foreign languages.

3-5. The brahmins constituting the deities of Sr& ddha should be from among these. A Great Srotriya ( Vedic Scholar)

young man, a good astrologer, a man of Trimadhus, a Trisavarnika, a sister’s son, Rtvik, son-in-law, preceptor, fatherinlaw, maternal uncle, a Trinaciketa, daughter’s son, a disciple, relatives, kinsmen, Brahmins scrupulously observing rituals, the Paficagni Brahmacarins and persons devoted to their mothers and fathers.

6-7. The following should not be entertained. A sickly person, a person deficient in limbs or having additional appendages, a one-eyed man, son of a widow after remarriage, a fallen sinner like Avakirna and those who do not conform to conventions, and an a-Vaisnava (non-believer in Visnu). These are not worthy of being invited for Sraddha. They (the deserving brahmins ) shall be invited the day before when they shall observe celibacy.

8. On the day of Sraddha early in the morning they should perform Acamana and sit in their respective seats called Daiva and Pitrya. If it is not possible to provide seats, on the ground itself.

9. In the Daiva ( divine) seats two brahmins shall be seated facing east. In the Pitrya seats (of the manes) three brahmins shall be seated facing north.

10. The arrangement for maternal grandfathers also is the same but the mantras will be the same as in Vaisvadeva Sraddha. Water should be given for washing liands and Kusa grass for seats.

11. Avahana— Invocation and Anujfta (permission) with the Rk mantras of Visvedevas shall be performed.

12-14. In the vessel tied with Pa vitra( Kusa grass twisted in a ^peculiar way) he should strew barley grains. With the mantra Sanno Devi, water should be sprinkled. With the mantra Yavosi barley grains shall be strewn. With the mantra Yd divyd they should be given in the hands. Similarly, scents, water, Pavitra and incense should be given. To the manes the offerings shall be made from right to left and water shall be sprinkled anticlockwise. Twice the number of Ku£ a blades shall then be given. Pitps (manes) shall be invoked with the Rk Uiantas tva. With the permission of the brahmins the householder should repeat the mantra Ayantu nah. The purpose of barley grains can be served with gingelly seeds. Arghya and other things shall be performed as before.

15. Aftei giving Arghya he should duly make promise to the brahmins. With the mantra Pitrbhyah sthdnam asi he should bend the vessel.

16-20. He should hold the cooked food soaked in butter and reciting the mantra Agnau kari$ye he shall obtain the permission and place it in fire. He shah then recite Gayatri 1 with Vyahrti and Rks Madhu vata, etc. arid say Yathasukham (as convenient to you). They should take food silently.

Whatever food and Havisya they require shall be served them without anger.

21-23. Till the brahmins are fully satiated he shall be reciting holy mantras and the previous japas. He shall ask the brahmins Trptdh stha (are you fully satiated? ) The brahmins shall reply: Trptdh smah we are fully satiated. The cooked rice left over should be strewn on the ground slowly.

After taking cooked rice with, gingelly seeds he shall face the south and offer Pinzas near the place where the brahmins took their food. To maternal grandfathers also the same procedure gives Acamana after that.

24. Then Svasti (hail thee) should be mentioned. Then the Aksayya Udaka (ever fruitful water) shall be offered to the brahmins along with the fee according to capacity. After that he shall proceed for Svadhakara.

25. When the brahmins permit by saying Vdcyatdm (let it be recited) he shall say Pitrbhyah Svadhd (svadha unto the manes) when the brahmins repeat it he should sprinkle water on the ground.

26-27. He shall sdy ViSve devdh priyantdm (Let all devas be pleased) and offer water. “May those who give us flourish. Let Vedas flourish. Let not faith forsake us. Let us have much to give. ” Thus addressed by the brahmins he should bid them farewell with sweet words and salutation.

28. While bidding farewell he should recite Vdje Vdj<

The Arghya patra in which the promise had been invoked before should be placed in proper position and the brahmins should be formally dismissed.

29. After going round in Pradak$ina and prayer he. should partake of the leavings of Pitfs along with his wife.

30. He shall remain celibate that night. At the ceremony of attaining prosperity the rites as well as fee are similar but with Nandi rites in addition the Pinzas will be mixed with barley grains and Karkandhu 1 (cucumber) fruits.

31. The Ekoddista form of Sraddha performed for a single mane in view has no seat assigned for Daiva, Only Pavitra is used. One dish is prepared.

32. It is devoid ofAvahana (invocation) and Agnikarana (placing the Havisya in fire). There also the procedure is anticlockwise. In the place of ever fruitful water Upati^hatdm (may you approach) is used at the time of farewell. Abhi ramyatam (may you be delighted) is also said when they reply Abhiratdb smah (we are delighted).

33-34. In Sapindikarana ceremony four vessels with acents, water and gingelly seeds shall be used. For Arghya the Pitfpatra is kept covered with Pretapatra. Two mantras beginning with Ye samdna, etc. shall be recited. The other items are as in the previous.

35. The Ekoddista can be performed for the deceased women also. If Sapindikarana is performed, a year after death, 36. Cooked rice with water pot (sodakumbha) should be offered at the end of the year. The Pipdas can be given to cows, goats or brahmins or deposited in fire oi water.

37-38. In that annual Sraddha in the first month let liim offer Havisyanna (rice cooked with vegetables and soaked in ghee), in the second month milk pudding and in the succeeding month he should offer fish, or the flesh of deer, goats, bird, Ram, Pf$ata, Ena, Ruru, boar or rabbit. The grandfathers shall be satisfied with this offer with increasing relish every month, 39-42. In the rainy month on the thirteenth day when there is Magha star also, if any one dies being wounded by an arrow §r& ddha is performed from the first to the fourteenth day. He will obtain daughters, gold, children, valour, fields, strength prosperity, excellent sons, health, fame, freedom from sorrow, salvation, wealth, learning, fluency of speech, metallic wealth, cattle horses, if he duly performs the Sraddha.

43-45. Similarly, when the manes of a brahmana or a twice born are gratified under the stars Krttika to BharanI they give to him long life, progeny, wealth, learning, heaven or salvation or kingdom on earth.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED.

Teachings of Tdjfiavalkya.

Tdjhavalkya said:

1-3. Please listen and understand the symptoms of a person harassed by Vinayaka ( Lord of impediments and obstacles]. The Victim suffers from hallucinations and dreams as if he or she plunges into deep waters and sees headless trunks and shaven heads. All enterprises being impeded and fruitless he becomes morose and exhausted without any apparent reason. The king is not restored to his kingdom, the virgin does not get a husband, and the pregnant woman does not get a son. The atonement and remedy is thus: — On an auspicious day he should be bathed duly. White mustard seeds and sandal paste should be ground together and kneaded with ghee. All medicinal herbs and fragrant essences should be mixed and the admixture smeared over the patient’s head.

4-5. The patient is seated on an auspicious soft leather cushion red in colour. Brahmins are requested to recite

Svastivacana mantras. Four pitchers of the same shape and colour are filled with water from the same pool. Clay, Rocan&

(yellow pigment), sandal paste, and Guggulu (gum resin) are respectively put into them.

6-9. The brahmins then recite thus: — “The thousandeyed, hundred-currented flow which the sages drank deep is being poured over you. May the PavamanI (purificatory) hymns sanctify you. Let God Varuna the king Soma (moon)

the sun, the planet Jupiter, the god Indra, the wind god and the seven sages resuscitate your lost splendour. Let ill luck sticking to your locks of hair, the line of parting hair, the head, the forehead, the ears, and the eyes be dispelled for ever. ”

10. After the ablution, Kuia grass soaked in ghee shall be held round his head, and mustard oil be poured into his ears and over his forehead drop by drop.

11. With fire ignited in the public road invoked by Svaha mantras, the evil spirits of Kusmantfa 1 and Rajaputra shall be measured and bound.

12-14. In the Catuspatha (where four roads meet) Ku£ a grass shall be spread on the ground. Various kinds of cooked and uncooked food, flowers of various colours, sweet scents, wine of three kinds, curd, milk pudding, cooked food, ghee, jaggery sweets shall be placed on the ground. The preceptor then prays to the goddess Ambika and offers the food offering with joined palms.

15. With Durva grass and mustard seeds he shall perform “Svastyayana” (Bon-voyage) rites and pray to Ambika for the birth of sons.

16. “Give me beauty. Give me fame, O Goddess, give me good luck. Give me sons, give me wealth. Give me all desired objects. ”

17. He shall delight the brahmins with white cloth and unguents. The preceptor shall be given a pair of cloths. The planets are then to be worshipped.

1. Gucurbita pepo.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED AND ONE.

Teachings of Taj naval ky a.

Tdjhavalkya said:

1. A person desirous of wealth and splendour, or a person wishing for peace and tranquillity or a person affected by the malignant aspect of the planets shall perform the Planetary Sacrifice (Grahayaga). These are the planets as enumerated by learned men.

2. The Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn, Rahu and Ketu.

3. The malignant aspect is countermanded respectively by wearing copper, bellmetal, crystal, the red sandal wood, gold, silver, iron, lead and bell metal on their bodies.

4. O sages, know their respective colours to be red, white, red, yellow, yellow, white black, black and black.

5. By the articles favourite to the planets the affected persons shall be asked to perform Homa after due ablution.

Gold pieces should be given as gifts together with the clothfcs and flowers.

6. Libations with sweet smelling substances, incense and gum resin shall be offered with their respective mantras for the principal as well as subordinate deities.

7-8. The Homa shall be performed reciting these Rks in order.

Mantra Planet A kffnena 1 2

Sun Imarh dev&

Moon Agnir mUrdhd 3

Mars Udbuddhyasva 4 5

Mercury Brhaspate paridiye Jupiter 1. RV. 1. 35. 2.

2. VSK 11. 3. 2.

3. fcV. 8. 44. 16.

4. VS. 15. 54.

5. RV. 10. 103. 4.

Anndt parismto rasam 1 Venus Sanno devi 2 3 Saturn Kayd naicitrd 1 Rahu Keturh krnvan 4 5 Ketu 9. Sacrificial twigs shall be soaked in honey, ghee and curd and offered in the fire. The twigs for the different planets shall be of the following trees as in the previous order: — Arka, Palasa, Khadira Apamarga 6, Pippala, Udumbara, Sami®, Durva 7 and Kuia grass.

10-12. Naivedya and Dak$ina to be offered as below.

Planet Naivedya Dakfina i.

Sun treacle rice cow 2.

Moon milk pudding Sankha 3.

Mars Havisya bull 4.

Mercury sastika-rice in milk gold 5.

Jupiter rice with curd cloth 6.

Venus ha vis horse 7.

Saturn pies black cow 8.

Rahu meat iron 9.

Ketu mixed Pulao goat Planets are to be worshipped by all; Even the kings reap the fruits of their worship.

1. VS. 19. 75.

2. 10. 9. 4.

3. RV. 4. 31. 1.

4. Ibid. 1. 6. 3.

5. Achyranthes aspera.

—6. Prospis apicigera.

7. Cynodon dactylon.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED AND TWO.

Teachings of Tdjhavalkya.

Ydjhavalkya said:

1. O sages, I shall expound the Vanaprastha (Retired life in Hermitage). The person who wishes to take to it shall go to the forest either alone or with his wife. If he goes alone he leaves his wife to the care of his son.

2. A Vanaprastha observes celibacy, fosters the sacred fire, exercises control over mind and sense-organs, is patient, honours brahmins who keep sacred fire as also the manes, deities and guests.

3. He shall gratify even the servants. He shall grow long hair, beard and moustaches. He shall be perfectly selfcontrolled. He shall take three baths a day. He should not accept money charities.

4. He shall continue Vedic studies. He shall regularly meditate. He shall be engaged in what is beneficent to all living beings. He shall attend to his personal needs once or twice a month.

5-6. He shall lie on the bare ground. He shall do everything without worrying over the results. In summer he shall stand in the midst of five fires and in the rainy season he shall lie on the bare ground. In the winter he shall wear wet clothes. During the day he shall perform Yogic Exercises. He shall not be angry with anyone. He shall be contented with himself.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED AND THREE.

Teachings of Ydjfiavalkya.

Ydjfiavalkya said:

1-2. I shall mention the duties of mendicants. O Noble Sirs, know them. After returning from the forest he shall first perform the sacrifice Sarva-Veda-Pradaksina and then the Pr& j& patya Vrata. At the end of the rites he shall assimilate the fiery splendour in himself. He shall wish good for all living beings and be tranquil. Bearing three staffs and holding the water pot he shall resort to the village seeking alms and discard all physical' labour for remuneration.

3. Without erring he shall continue seeking alms. He should not be seen in the evening along with other mendicants roaming about in the village, or he may do simple journeys without being ever ambitious.

4. He should become a Paramahamsa (great saint) with a single staff and self control. When he finally achieves the yogic accomplishment and sheds the mortal body he will attain immortality.

5. By a regular practice of yogic exercises and taking food in small quantities he will have the great achievement. A donor, a person fond of guests, a householder who performs Sraddha and knower (Jftanin) becomes liberated.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED AND FOUR.

Teachings of Y& jfiavalkya.

Tajhavalkya said:

1. A person who murders a Brahmin first falls into hell.

When his sin has all but vanished he is bom as a dog, a mule, a camel, etc., and finally when he is born as a man he is bound to become dumb.

2. The person who steals gold becomes a germ and a worm and a blade of grass. The person who sleeps with his preceptor’s wife becomes a tuberculosis patient or one with black teeth and swollen nails or a leper. These bad results shall befall the children of the murderer.

3. The person who steals food grain becomes one who cannot eat at all. A person who steals the musical notes and instruments becomes a dumb man. A person who steals money has a surplus appendage of limbs. A back-biter becomes one' whose nostrils begin to rot and putrefy.

3 1 4 Garuda Purdna 4. A person who steals oil becomes one who drinks the same.

5-6. One who purchases a girl, becomes a demon in the forest; who steals a gem, becomes a base-born; who steals vegetables, becomes a peacock; thief of pearl-necklace becomes a strew; of grains, a rat; of fruit, a monkey; of animals, a goat; of water, a crow; of meat, an eagle; of cloth, a leper; and of salt, a ragged one.

7-9. A malicious person becomes one whose mouth is putrid or he is born devoid of good traits, poor, or base man. Persons with good conduct are born wealthy and endowed with food grains.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED AND FIVE.

Teachings of Ydjnavalkya.

Ydjriavalkya said;

1. A person is degraded when he fails to do what he is enjoined to do and does what is forbidden and also by not curbing his sense organs.

2. Hence expiatory acts have to be performed with great care for purification. Thereby his conscience becomes clear and the world he attains becomes pure.

3-6. The whole world becomes happy if he performs atonement whereby his sins are dispelled. Those who never do atonement and repent fall into hell, according to the gravity of sins. The names of different hells are: — Tamisra, Lohaianku (Iron bolted), Piitigandha Samakula (agitated by putrefying smell), Hamsabha, Lohitoda, Safljlvana,

Nadipatha, Mahanilaya, Kakolam, Andhat& misra, Avici and Kumbha Paka, a murderer of brahmins, a wine-drinker, a stealer of gold, a defiler of preceptor’s bed and a person who associates with any of these — these and similar sinners fall into hell.

7 - 8. Decrying Vedas and despising preceptors are equivalent to the sin of murdering a brahmin in gravity. Taking food prohibited, low and base acts, and drinking the honey off the lips of a maiden in her monthly course are all akin to drinking of wine. Stealing of a horse is on a par with stealing of gold.

9. Coitus with a friend’s wife, a virgin, a woman of a low caste, a woman of the same clan or one who gave birth to oneself-all these are sins akin to defiling of preceptor’s wife.

10-12. Illegitimate intimacy with father’s sister, mother’s sister, aunt, one’s own sister, mother’s co-wife, her sister, preceptor’s daughter and wife and one’s own daughter —

all these, are on a par with defiling preceptor’s bed. The guilty man’s penis should be cut off and he should be killed. The woman too shall be killed if she had been a willing partner in the illegal intercourse.

13-20. There are many Upapatakas( minor sins and turpitudes). They are: — slaughtering of a cow, stealing a brahmin’s personal effects, non payment of debts, not maintaining sacred fires, trading, the younger brother’s marrying when the elder brother is still a bachelor, learning from a servant, teaching a boss, adultery, abetment of Parivedana, Usury, sale of salt, killing of a good Sudra, Vaisya or K§atriya, infamous livelihood, misappropriation of a deposit, breaking of a vow, sale of meet, sale of a cow, abandonment of father, mother or a friend, sale of tanks and parks, selling of daughter’s ornaments, giving the post of the presiding priest in a sacrifice to a man guilty of Parivedana, giving one’s daughter to such a man, crookedness, causing break in the vow of others, selfish ventures, cohabitation with a wine-drinking woman, forsaking of one’s study of Vedas, sacred fires, son, and kinsmen, perusal of illegal and unholy literature, selling of oneself or one’s own wife, all these are Upapatakas. Now know the process of atonement. A.

brahmin-slayer shall hold a broken skull over his head, loudly proclaim his guilt, beg for alms for sustenance and roam about for twelve years taking only very little food. He will thus be purified. Or in the alternative he shall perform some sacrifice or Graha Homa with the respective mantras —

M SomcbhyahSvaha, ”‘Lobhavan, ”etc. Thusalsoa sin of slaying a brahmin can be atoned for.

21-22. If a brahmin or a cow was killed for the sake of a brahmin, without much cruelty, the murderer shall read Vedasamhita three times residing in a forest in a holy atmosphere. Or he shall pray to Goddess Sarasvati and deposit a pot of coins in the river Sarasvati. If one kills a Ksatriya or a Vaisya in the act of performing a sacrifice, he too shall perform the expiatory rites of a brahmin-slayer.

23-25. The man guilty of abortion shall perform the Vrata “Trayini^udana” according to the caste of the child killed. If a brahmin engaged in Savana is the victim of an attempted murder the would-be slayer should perform the Vrata twice. The expiatory rite for drinking wine is the drinking of red hot wine, ghee water and cow’s urine. If the man does not die by drinking the hot liquid he shall perform the expiatory rite of a brahmin-slayer wearing barks of trees and matted hair, he now becomes pure. But he must have all brahminical rites all over again.

26. A brahmin woman drinking wine should similarly perform expiatory rite by drinking semen, faeces and cow’s urine. Otherwise, she becomes fallen from husband’s world (Patiloka) and is born as a vulture, pig or bitch.

27. A brahmin stealing gold should hand over a pestle to the king proclaiming his guilt. If the king strikes him with it the brahmin becomes pure. Or he should give the king enough gold equal in weight to himself. He thus becomes pure.

28-29. If a man rapes a woman sleeping in her own bed, his penis and scrotum should be cut off and thrown in the south west quarter.

30. The wicked de filer of the preceptor’s bed should perform the Prajapatya 1 Kfcchra Vrata 2 or the Candrayana Vrata or should read Veda Samhita for three months.

31. A slayer of cow shall remain celibate for a month, lie down in the cowshed for the night and during the day he should serve the cow following it like a shadow and finally make a gift of it. He shall be pure.

1. An expiation of four periods of three days.

2. Bodily mortification.

32. Expiation for all Upapatakas is by Gandrayana Vrata. Or he should live on milk alone for a month or perform Par aka (Twelve days’ fast) rite.

33. The killer of a Ksatriya should make a gift of one bull or a thousand cows. Or he should perform the expiatory rite of a brahmin-slayer for three years.

34. The slayer of a Vaisya should perform it for a year or make a gift of a hundred cows. A slayer of a Sudra should perform the rite for six months or make a gift of ten cows. A slayer of an undefiled woman shall perform the expiatory rite of a slayer of a Sudra.

35. A slayer of a cat, mungoose, alligator, a frog or any other animal shall drink only milk for three days and perform Krcchra Vrata.

36. A slayer of an elephant should atone for it by making a gift of five blue bulls and a calf white in colour and two years old. If a mule gpat or sheep is killed a bull should be given. If a Kraunca bird is killed a three year old bull should be given.

37-38. For felling and cutting down trees, hedges and creepers the expiation is the recital of a hundred Rks. A Brahmacarin embracing a woman will become the breaker of vows. If he touches an ass he should recite aNairrta mantra.

For the sin of taking wine and meat the rites of Krcchra Sesa shall be performed.

39. If the disciple dies running an errand the preceptor should perform the Krcchra rite. If the disciple acts, contrary to the interests of the preceptor, he should propitiate him and crave forgiveness. He will be free from sin.

40. If the enemy is wounded he shall be taken care of by giving food and affectionate treatment. If a brahmin dies when being treated there is no sin.

41. After committing a major sin or a minor turpitude if a person utters falsehood he should expiate by remaining in exite for a month without begging anyone and exercising self-control.

42. Without the forma) sanction of the elcfers, if a younger brother indulges in sexual intercourse wirfh the wife of the elder brother he shall perform Candrayanaf. To expiate for the sin of cohabiting with a woman in her nrtenses he should drink ghee at the end of three days fast.

43. To expiate for the sin of accepting a gift from an undeserving person, he should sta/ in a cowshed for a month drinking milk, leading a celibate life and chanting Gayatri mantra. He should be free from the sin.

44. For the sin of not sheltering a person seeking refuge the atonement is reading the Vedas upto capacity. If a Vratya is employed in sacrifice both shall expiate by performing the Krcchra rite thrice.

45. If a man is forced to travel in a mule cart or a camel cart he should do Pranayama thrice. If a man indulges in sexual intercourse with his wife during the day, he shall bathe naked to atone for the sin.

46. O sages, the sin resulting from being rude or using abusive language to the preceptor or by defeating a brahmin in an argument shall be wiped off by craving his indulgence and observing fast for a day.

47. For the sin of brandishing a staff at a brahmin the expiation is Kfcchra; for the sin of beating, the atonement is Atikrcchra. Whenever atonement is mentioned the facts of time, place, age, strength and the gravity of the sin should be taken into consideration before deciding the way of expiation.

48. Wilful abortion and hatred of the husband are great sins in women without any expiation. Hence, she shall be shunned from a distance.

49. If the guilt has become public the expiation shall be done as prescribed by the preceptor, in public view. If it is not publicised the Vrata shall be performed secretly.

50. A slayer of a brahmin shall give a milch cow after fasting for three days.

51-52. And he shall repeat Aghamar§ai? a mantra standing in water. He shall stand in water for a day, only breathing (i. e. without taking food) and performing homa with the mantra 4< Somebhyab Svaha for forty times using ghee. A drinker of wine or a stealer of gold shall remain standing in water reciting “Rudra” mantras and shall afterwards perform homa with ghee with the “Kusmancja” mantra and observe fast for three days.

53. A defiler of preceptor’s bed shall be expiated by reciting Sahasraiir$a l mantra.

54. To expiate for any sin committed, one shall perforin Pranayama a hundred times.

55. By unwittingly swallowing faeces, semen and wine a brahmin incurs impurity, which shall be wiped off by fasting foi the day and drinking water in the evening with Onkara.

56. O Brahmins, the destruction of all sins inadvertently committed is possible when Sandhya prayers are offered thrice in the day. All sins should be dispelled if Rudra mantra is recited eleven times.

57. No sin defiles a brahmin regularly studying Vedas and performing the five sacrifices. Excepting the sin of slaying a brahmin all sins are removed by reciting Gayatri, a thousand times.

58. The Yamas (restraints) are: — Celibacy, mercy, patience, meditation, truthfulness, contentment, nonviolence, non stealing, sweetness, and mental control.

59. The Niyamas (Suppressions) are bathing, silence, fasting, sacrifices Vedic study, control of sense organs, austerity, non-furiousness, devotion to the preceptor, and physical purity.

60. O Brahmins, the Paftcagavya consists of cow’s milk, ghee, curd, urine and dung. The expiator should swallow these and fast for the next day. This is called Santapana Krcchra.

61. Six days’ fast after taking in one of the articles constituting the Santapana and Krcchra foi the seventh day.

This is called Mahasantapana.

62. The leaves of Udumbara, Rajiva (lotus) Bilva and water from Kusa Grass — each of these is taken once every day.

This is Parnakrcchra.

63. Boiled milk, water, curd — either of these is taken every-day and fasting for the night. This is the holy Taptakrcchra.

64 g One unsolicited morsel one night, and fast for the next — This is called Padakjrcchra.

65. Any of the above practised three times is called Prajapatya. If one takes only a palmcupful of water along with the previous, it is called Atikrcchra.

65. Krcchra and Atikrcchra alternatively for twenty one days and fast for twelve days — This is called Paraka.

67. One morsel of Pinyaka (oil cake), whey, and powdered barley is taken one day and fasting for the next — This is called Krcchrasama.

68. The rite for fifteen days when each one of the Krcchras mentioned above is practised for three days, is called Tulapuru§a.

69. In the bright half of the lunar month on the first day, a morsel of food of the size of a peacock’s egg is taken; on the second day two morsels are taken. Thus the number is increased upto fifteen. In the dark half the number is gradually reduced. This is called Candrayana.

70. Another type of Candrayana is taking in two hundred and forty morsels of food in the course of a month without any stipulation on the number for any day.

71. This Pintfa Candrayana is to be performed after Trisavanasnana ( plunging into water for three times). Gayatri mantra shall be repeated over the pintfas.

72-73. In sins known. or unknown there is purification by Candrayana. Those who practise this only for the sake of virtue attain to Candraloka. Those who practise Krcchra similarly attain grea. prosperity.

CHAPTER ONE HUNDRED AND SIX.

Teachings of Ydjhavalkya.

Ydjhavalkya said:

1. O noble Sirs, maintaining Vratas, I shall now describe the Pret& Sauca, i. e. the obsequies and the impurity subsequent to the death of persons. If a child who has not completed its two years dies, the corpse is simply buried (not cremated). No Udaka rites (offering of water, etc. ) in that case.

2. The corpse shall be borne up to the cremation ground by kinsmen reciting Yamasukta. For ordinary men ordinary fire may be used. If the dead man is an Ahitagni (person regularly maintaining sacred fires) the same shall be used for cremation.

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