Глагол to write в Passive Voice (в утвердительной форме)

Глагол to write в Passive Voice (в утвердительной форме)

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	The book is written.	The book is being written.	The book has been written.
Past	The book was written.	The book was being written.	The book had been written.
Future	The book will be written.		The book will have been written.
Future in the Past	The book would be written.		The book would have been written.

Глаголы в Continuous Tenses в английском языке редко употребляются в Passive Voice.

Заметьте:

1. В английском языке страдательный залог употребляется чаще, чем в русском. Это объясняется тем, что из-за отсутствия системы окончаний в английском языке нет формальной разницы между существительным или местоимением, которые могут быть прямым дополнением, косвенным дополнением без предлога или с предлогом. Поэтому в страдательном залоге подлежащим может стать не только прямое дополнение, но и косвенное с предлогом или без него.

2. В страдательном залоге нет формы Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous и Future Continuous-in-the-Past. Вместо них употребляются соответствующие времена недлительной формы.

Прошедшее и будущее время группы Perfect страдательного залога употребляются довольно редко, а настоящее время группы Perfect (Present Perfect) часто употребляется с глаголами to ask, to send, to tell и др.

II. Прочитать и перевести текст.

Economic Activity

Text A

Most people work in order to earn their living. They produce goods and services.

Goods are either produced on farms, like maize and milk, or in factories, like cars and paper. Services are provided by such things as schools, hospitals and shops. Some people provide goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage, a man may buy a car, or he may buy some service which helps him to maintain his car.

The work which people do is called their economic activity. Economic activities make up the economic system. The economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want. The work which people undertake either provides what they need or provides them with money. People buy essential commodities with money.

Text B

Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services.

Goods are either agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper). Services are such things as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide gods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods and service which helps him to maintain his car.

The work people do is called economic activity. All economic activities together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic system is the sum-total of what they people do and what they want. The work people undertake either provides what need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities. Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are non-essential but which provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the cinema and books.

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