WORD FORM

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WORD FORM

1. Mortal

- Mortal (adj) /Л?mЙ”Лђtl/

+ That cannot live forever and must die

Ex: We are all mortal.

+ Causing death or likely to cause death; very serious

Ex: Her reputation suffered a mortal blow as a result of the scandal.

+ Lasting until death

Ex: They were locked in mortal combat

- Mortal (n) /Л?mЙ”Лђtl/

+ a human, especially an ordinary person with little power or influence = Human being

Ex: Such things are not for mere mortals like ourselves.

- Mortality /mЙ”ЛђЛ?tГ¦lЙ™ti/

+ вЂ‹[uncountable] the state of being human and not living forever

Ex: After her mother's death, she became acutely aware of her own mortality.

+ вЂ‹[uncountable] the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time

Ex: Mortality from lung cancer is still increasing

- Mortally /Л?mЙ”ЛђtЙ™li/

+ causing or resulting in death/ extremely

Ex: - Mortally wounded/ill

В В В В - Mortally afraid/offended

- Immortal /ЙЄЛ?mЙ”Лђtl/

+ That lives or lasts forever

Ex: In the poem, Satan vows revenge and immortal hate.

+famous and likely to be remembered forever

Ex:In the immortal words of Henry Ford, вЂ?If it ain't broke, don't fix it.вЂ™

2. Valid

- Valid (a) /Л?vГ¦lЙЄd/

+ that is legally or officially acceptable

Ex: He bought a bus pass valid for one month.

+ based on what is logical or true

Ex: he point you make is perfectly valid.

+ that is accepted by the system

Ex: a valid password

- Validate (v) /Л?vГ¦lЙЄdeЙЄt/

+ prove that something is true

Ex: The research findings do not validate the claims made by the manufacturer.

+ make something legally recognized

Ex: validate a contract

+ recognize the value of a person or their feelings or opinions; to make somebody feel valued

Ex: Be sure to validate your child's feelingsвЂ”don't minimize them.

- Validation (n) /ЛЊvГ¦lЙЄЛ?deЙЄКѓn/

+ [uncountable, countable] the act of proving that something is true or correct

Ex: There must be some form of external validation of the data.

+ [uncountable, countable] the act of making something legally recognized

Ex: validation of web service contracts

+вЂ‹[uncountable, countable] the act of stating officially that something is useful and of an acceptable standard

Ex: an agreement on the validation of the institution's degree courses

- Validity (n) /vЙ™Л?lЙЄdЙ™ti/

+ the state of being legally or officially acceptable

Ex: The period of validity of the agreement has expired.

+ вЂ‚the state of being logical and true

Ex: We had doubts about the validity of their argument.

3. Eliminate

- Eliminate (v) /ЙЄЛ?lЙЄmЙЄneЙЄt/

+ remove or get rid of something

Ex: Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.

-) Eliminate something from something

+ stop considering that somebody/something might be responsible for something or chosen for something

Ex: The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation.

+ [usually passive] to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc

= Knock out

Ex: All the English teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition.

+ kill somebody, especially an enemy or opponent

Ex: Most of the regime's left-wing opponents were eliminated.

- Elimation (n) /ЙЄЛЊlЙЄmЙЄЛ?neЙЄКѓn/

+ [uncountable] the process of removing or getting rid of something completely

Ex: - Elimination (of something) the elimination of disease/poverty/crime

В В В В - Elimination (of something) from something the elimination of toxins from the body

+ [countable, uncountable] the act or process of defeating a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc.

Ex: -There were three eliminations in the first round of the competition.

В В В В -Elimination (of something/somebody) (from something) -) A 1вЂ“1 draw confirmed their elimination from the tournament.

4. Ambiguity

- Ambiguity (n) вЂ‹/ЛЊГ¦mbЙЄЛ?ЙЎjuЛђЙ™ti/

+вЂ‹[uncountable] the state of having more than one possible meaning

Ex: Write clear definitions in order to avoid ambiguity.

+ the state of being difficult to understand or explain because of involving many different aspects

Ex: You must understand the ambiguity of my position.

- Ambiguous (a) /Г¦mЛ?bЙЄЙЎjuЙ™s/

+ that can be understood in more than one way; having different meanings

Ex: an ambiguous word/term/statement

+ not clearly stated or defined

Ex: His role has always been ambiguous.

5. Attribute

- Attribute (v) /Й™Л?trЙЄbjuЛђt/

+ attribute something to something to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing

Ex: She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.

+ attribute something to somebody to say or believe that somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something

Ex: This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare.

+ Regard a quality or feature as belonging to somebody/something

Ex: The committee refused to attribute blame without further information.

- Attribute (n) /Л?Г¦trЙЄbjuЛђt/

+ a quality or feature of somebody/something

Ex: Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.

- Attribution (n) /ЛЊГ¦trЙЄЛ?bjuЛђКѓn/

+ [uncountable] attribution (of something) (to something) the act of saying or believing that something is the result of a particular thing

Ex: incorrect attribution of the cause of death

+ вЂ‹[uncountable, countable] attribution (of something) (to somebody) the act of saying or believing that somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something

Ex: The attribution of this painting to Rembrandt has never been questioned.

+ [uncountable, countable] the act of regarding a quality or feature as belonging to somebody/something

Ex: the attribution of legal responsiblity

6. Insist

- Insist (v) /ЙЄnЛ?sЙЄst/

+ demand that something happen or that somebody agree to do something

Ex: I didn't really want to go but he insisted.

₊ state clearly that something is true, especially when other people do not believe you

Ex: He insisted on his innocence.

- Insistent (a) /ЙЄnЛ?sЙЄstЙ™nt/

+ demanding something and refusing to accept any opposition or excuses

Ex: She didn't want to go but her brother was insistent.

+ continuing for a long period of time in a way that cannot be ignored

Ex: Insistent demands

- Insistence (n) /ЙЄnЛ?sЙЄstЙ™ns/

+ an act of demanding or saying something clearly and refusing to accept any opposition or excuses

Ex: - At somebody's insistence At her insistence, the matter was dropped.

- insistence on/upon (doing) something their insistence on strict standards of behaviour

- insistence thatвЂ¦ No one was convinced by his insistence that he was not to blame.

7. Consistency

- Consistency (n) /kЙ™nЛ?sЙЄstЙ™nsi/

+ the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.; the quality of being consistent

Ex: She has played with great consistency all season.

+ [countable, uncountable] the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick, smooth, etc. it is

Ex: Beat the ingredients together to a creamy consistency.

- Consistent (a) /kЙ™nЛ?sЙЄstЙ™nt/

+always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.

Ex: -a consistent approach to the problem

В В В В - consistent in something She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.

В В В - consistent in doing something We must be consistent in applying the rules.

+ happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time

Ex: We have had enough of the party's consistent failure to come up with any new policies.

+ consistent with something in agreement with something; not contradicting something

Ex: The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.

8. Substitute

- Substitute (n) /Л?sКЊbstЙЄtjuЛђt/

+ a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have

-) substitute for somebody/something Paul's father only saw him as a substitutefor his dead brother.persist

+ a player who replaces another player in a sports game

Ex: He was brought on as (a) substitute after half-time.

- Substitute (v) /Л?sКЊbstЙЄtjuЛђt/

+ to take the place of somebody/something else; to use somebody/something instead of somebody/something else

Ex: Substitute for somebody/something. Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.

- Substitution (n) /ЛЊsКЊbstЙЄЛ?tjuЛђКѓn/

+ вЂ‹an act of using one person or thing in the place of another

Ex : Two substitutions were made during the game.

-Substitution of A for B -) the substitution of low-fat spreads for butter

-Substitution of B with A -) the substitution of butter with low-fat spreads

9. Superstition

- Superstition (n) /ЛЊsuЛђpЙ™Л?stЙЄКѓn/

+ the belief that particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained by reason or science; the belief that particular events bring good or bad luck

Ex: According to superstition, breaking a mirror brings bad luck.

- Superstitious (a) /ЛЊsuЛђpЙ™Л?stЙЄКѓЙ™s/

+ believing in superstitions

Ex: - Superstitiousbeliefs

-I'm superstitiousabout the number 13.В

10. Disrupt

- Disrupt (v) /dЙЄsЛ?rКЊpt/

+ make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

Ex: Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting.

-Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow because of the bridge closure.

В

- Disruption (n) /dЙЄsЛ?rКЊpКѓn/

+ disruption (to somebody/something) a situation in which it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way; the act of stopping something from continuing in the normal way

Ex: We aim to help you move house with minimum disruption to yourself.

- Disruptive (a) /dЙЄsЛ?rКЊptЙЄv/

+ causing problems, noise, etc. so that something cannot continue normally

Ex: She had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.

+ new and original, in a way that causes major changes to how something is done

Ex: Printing in 3D is a disruptive technology which may transform manufacturing.

11. Corrupt

- Corrupt (a) /kЙ™Л?rКЊpt/

+ willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage

Ex: It was seen as the only way to overthrow a corrupt regime.

+ not honest or moral

Ex: They had been engaged in corrupt practices.

- Corrupt (v) /kЙ™Л?rКЊpt/

+ corrupt (somebody) to have a bad effect on somebody and make them behave in a way that is not honest or moral

Ex He was corrupted by power and ambition

+ [transitive, often passive] corrupt something to change the original form of something, so that it is damaged or made less good in some way

Ex: a corrupted form of Buddhism

+ [transitive, intransitive] corrupt (something) (computing) to cause mistakes to appear in a computer file, etc. with the result that the information in it is no longer correct; (of a computer file, etc.) to start containing mistakes

Ex: The program has somehow corrupted the system files.

- Corruptible (a) /kЙ™Л?rКЊptЙ™bl/

+ able to be made to do something dishonest or immoral:

Ex: Some people have more confidence in women because they feel they are less corruptible.

- Corruption (n) /kЙ™Л?rКЊpКѓn/

+ [uncountable] dishonest or illegal behaviour, especially of people in authority

Ex: allegations of bribery and corruption

+ вЂ‚[uncountable] the act or effect of making somebody change from moral to immoral standards of behaviour

Ex: He claimed that sex and violence on TV led to the corruption of young people.

- Incorruptible (a) /ЛЊЙЄnkЙ™Л?rКЊptЙ™bl/

+ not able to be persuaded to do something wrong or dishonest, even if somebody offers them money

Ex: Bribery wonвЂ™t work with him. HeвЂ™s incorruptible.

12. Reside

- Reside (v) /rЙЄЛ?zaЙЄd/

+ to live in a particular place

Ex: He returned to Britain in 1939, having resided abroad for many years.

- Residence (n) /Л?rezЙЄdЙ™ns/

+ [countable] a house, especially a large or impressive one

Ex: a desirable family residence for sale (= for example, in an advertisement)

-10 Downing Street is the British Prime MinisterвЂ™s official residence.

+ вЂ‚[uncountable] the state of living in a particular place

Ex: They were not able to take up residence in their new home until the spring.

- Residency (n) /Л?rezЙЄdЙ™nsi/

+ [uncountable] permission to live in a country that is not your own

Ex: She has been granted permanent residency in Britain.

+ [uncountable, countable] the period of time that an artist, a writer or a musician spends working for a particular institution

13. Vacant

- Vacant (a) /Л?veЙЄkЙ™nt/

+ (of a seat, hotel room, house, etc.) empty; not being used = Unoccupied

Ex: There are very few vacant properties available in the area.

+ if a job in a company is vacant, nobody is doing it and it is available for somebody to take

Ex: When the post finally fell (= became) vacant, they offered it to Fiona.

+ (of a look, an expression, etc.) showing no sign that the person is thinking of anything

Ex: a vacant look

- Vacancy (n) /Л?veЙЄkЙ™nsi/

+ вЂ‹[countable] a job that is available for somebody to do

Ex: - job vacancies

В В В В В В - vacancy (for somebody/something) vacancies for bar staff

- fill a vacancy

-ThereвЂ™s a vacancy in the accounts department.

+[countable] a room that is available in a hotel, etc.

Ex: I'm sorry, we have no vacancies.

14. Avoidable

- Avoidable (a) /Й™Л?vЙ”ЙЄdЙ™bl/

+ that can be prevented

Ex: Many deaths from heart disease are actually avoidable.

- Avoidance (n) /Й™Л?vЙ”ЙЄdЙ™ns/

+ avoidance (of something) not doing something; preventing something from existing or happening

Ex: A person's health improves with the avoidance of stress.

- Unavoidable (a) /ЛЊКЊnЙ™Л?vЙ”ЙЄdЙ™bl/

+ impossible to avoid or prevent

Ex: Unavoidable delays

- Recession at the time seemed unavoidable

15. Humiliate

- Humiliate (v) /hjuЛђЛ?mЙЄlieЙЄt/

+ humiliate somebody/yourself/something to make somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people

Ex: I didn't want to humiliate her in front of her colleagues.

- Humiliating (a) /hjuЛђЛ?mЙЄlieЙЄtЙЄЕ‹/

+ making somebody feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people

Ex: a humiliating defeat

- Humiliation (n) /hjuЛђЛЊmЙЄliЛ?eЙЄКѓn/

+ a feeling of being ashamed or stupid and having lost the respect of other people; the act of making somebody feel like this

Ex: She suffered the humiliation of being criticized in public.

- Humility (n) /hjuЛђЛ?mЙЄlЙ™ti/

+ the quality of not thinking that you are better than other people; the quality of being humble

Ex: Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility.

16. Transmit

- Transmit (v) /trГ¦nzЛ?mЙЄt/

+ send an electronic signal, radio or television broadcast, etc.

Ex: Signals transmitted from a satellite

+ pass something from one person to another = Transfer

Ex: Transmit something -) sexually transmitted diseases

В В В В В -Transmit something to somebody -) Parents can unwittingly transmit their own fears to their children

- Transmission (n) /trГ¦nzЛ?mЙЄКѓn/

+ [uncountable] the act or process of passing something from one person, place or thing to another

Ex: the transmission of the disease

+ [uncountable] the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or message or of broadcasting a radio or television programme

Ex: The transmission of computer data along telephone lines

17. Emit

- Emit (v) /iЛ?mЙЄt/

+ send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.

Ex: The metal container began to emit a clicking sound.

- Emission (n)/ЙЄЛ?mЙЄКѓn/

+ вЂ‚[uncountable] (formal) the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.

Ex: The emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

+ вЂ‚[countable] gas, etc. that is sent out into the air

Ex: The government has pledged to clean up industrial emissions.

18. Admit

- Admit (v) /Й™dЛ?mЙЄt/

+ [intransitive, transitive] to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true = Confess

Ex: It was a stupid thing to do, I admit.

В· admit to something Don't be afraid to admit to your mistakes.

В· admit to doing something She admits to being strict with her children.

В· admit something He admitted all his mistake

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