Grammar introduction. Conditional sentences. Real conditionals. Unreal conditionals

1.5. Grammar introduction

1.5.1. Conditional sentences

Real conditionals

Zero conditionals (real or possible situations in the present)
If/when-clause	Present Simple	Main clause	Present Simple
	If/when I come early,		we go for a walk.
First conditionals (possible situations in the future)
If/when-clause	Present Simple	Main clause	Future Simple
	If/when I come early,		we will go for a walk.

Unreal conditionals

Second conditionals (unreal or imaginary situations in the present or in the future)
If - clause	Past Simple	Main clause	Would + Infinitive
	If he had time, Important: for “to be”, it’s correct to use “were” all the time		he would help us.
Third conditionals (hypothetical or imaginary situations in the Past)
If - clause	Past Perfect	Main clause	Would + Perfect Infinitive (have + V3 )
	If he had had time,		he would have helped us.

Synonyms for “IF”
real condition	unreal condition
PROVIDED (THAT) ON CONDITION (THAT) AS LONG AS SO LONG AS	(JUST) SUPPOSE SUPPOSING (THAT) WHAT IF IMAGINE
On condition we get the money on time, we will start production on Monday.	Imaginewe had no electricity in this house, how would you preserve our food?

1.5.2.Practice the real conditionals: each pair of sentences is made out of a “zero” and a “first” conditional. Open the brackets and mark each sentence as either “zero” or “first” conditional.

1) a) If a power source provides no energy, the manipulator __________ (not to move); it’s a hard physical fact. b) If I turn on this switch, the manipulator __________ (move).

2) a) When I __________ (to finish) studying this course on robotics, I will know so many things! b) Usually, when I finish a new course, I __________ (to try) to apply my new knowledge in practice.

3) a) My boss is coming! If I __________ (to tell) him I broke the manipulator, he will be very angry. b) When our boss hears that we have a problem, he __________ (to get) extremely angry every time.

4) a) If I get tired of studying, I usually__________ (to play) football . b) Tomorrow I have an exam, but I will still take breaks if I __________ (to get) tired of studying.

1.5.3.Practice the first conditional: make up sentences using items from each column.

Example: If we take the train, we will escape traffic jams. If we drive, it will be cheaper.

Take the plane Go by bus Drive Take the train

To be cheaper To cost more To reach our destination faster To be able to stop whenever we wish To escape traffic jams To take a long time To be able to change our route easily To be very stressful

1.5.4.Practice the second conditional: say what you would do in these situations. Then ask your friends.

Example: If a taxi driver took me to a different hotel, I would refuse to pay. And you, Alex, what would you do if a taxi driver made a mistake like that?

a) Your taxi driver takes you to a different hotel.

b) Your hotel room has no heating or air conditioning.

c) An animal bites you.

d) You lock yourself out of the hotel room.

e) Your bank card is stolen.

f) You lose your papers.

g) A local asks you for some money.

h) Your bus breaks down in the middle of the night.

i) You need to see a doctor but do not speak the local language.

1.5.5.Practice the second conditional: use information from the text 1.3 to complete these sentences.

1. If the communication delay between Earth and Mars could be reduced to a few seconds…

2. If the rover didn’t have a special system of suspension…

3. If the rover weren’t able to locate the Earth or the orbiter…

4. If the rover’s hardware were not radiation-proof…

5. If the rover didn’t have scientific instruments on board…

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