VOLGOGRAD STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

VOLGOGRAD STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Children’s surgery

Acute abdominal processes in children

НЕЛСОН БРИШМИН ФЕБИШ

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal problem that mostly affects premature babies. The condition inflames intestinal tissue, causing it to die.

A hole (perforation) may form in your baby's intestine. Bacteria can leak into the abdomen (belly) or bloodstream through the hole. NEC usually develops within two to six weeks after birth.

In some infants, NEC is mild. Others experience severe, life-threatening symptoms

Healthcare providers classify NEC into types based on when symptoms start and what causes the condition. The different types of NEC include:

Classic: This most common type of NEC tends to affect infants born before 28 weeks of pregnancy. Classic NEC occurs three to six weeks after birth. In most instances, the baby is stable and doing well. Then the condition comes on suddenly, without warning.
Transfusion-associated: An infant may need a blood transfusion to treat anemia (lack of red blood cells). About 1 in 3 premature babies develop NEC within three days of getting a blood transfusion.
Atypical: Rarely, an infant develops NEC in the first week of life or before the first feeding.
Term infant: Full-term babies who get NEC usually have a birth defect. Possible causes include congenital heart condition, gastroschisis (intestines that form outside of the body) and low oxygen levels at birth.

NEC is a common problem among infants in NICUs. Your baby’s care team will be on the lookout for signs of this problem.

Symptoms of NEC include:

Abdominal pain and swelling.
Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and breathing.
Diarrhea with bloody stool.
Green or yellow vomit.
Lethargy.
Refusing to eat and lack of weight gain.

Your healthcare provider will examine your baby. They check for a swollen belly and other NEC symptoms.

Your provider may also order these tests:

Blood tests: A blood test checks for bacteria and other signs of infection.
Fecal test: This test checks for blood in your baby’s poop. It can detect blood that isn’t visible.
X-rays: Abdominal X-rays can show signs of NEC, including air bubbles (gas) around the intestine or abdominal cavity. Air bubbles can indicate a damaged bowel or perforation.

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