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The noun. CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS

The noun

CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS

Ex. 1. State whether the nouns in italic type are proper or common. If the noun is common say what group it belongs to.

1. In our arrogance we all think we are unique, invincible, immune to mortality and above the law of nature. 2. Robyn accepted a glass of white wine. 3. One family only had lived within the walls of Menabilly. They had been born there, they had loved, they had quarrelled, they had suffered, they had died. 4. After a while he offered her a cigarette. 5. But it was the middle of March now. Spring was approaching, even if you couldn't feel it in the air. So, thank God, was the Easter vacation. 6. There were few people about that day, and they did nothing except sit rather glumly in their armchairs, drink occasionally, and exchange congratulations on not being seasick. 7. They won't eat anything except baked beans, but she goes on cooking these cabbages, and throwing them away. 8. There was a smell in the air of tar (смола) and rope and rusted chain, a smell of tidal water. 9. She brushed her hair furiously and left it hanging loose on her shoulders. 10. She told me of her courtship and marriage; she told me, as though fondly turning the pages of an old nursery-book, of her childhood. 11. She had been to London once before only, and now she was going to Paris. 12. I was greeted with shouts of joy. 13. All prices include travel to and from London. 14. We talked for hours about freedom.

Ex. 2. State whether the nouns in italic type are countable or uncountable. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Queen Victoria had the curtains of her train window drawn when she passed through the region so that her eyes should not be offended by its ugliness and squalor (нищета). 2. Now, darling, how about a cup of coffee? – No thanks. Really. – Then I won't have any either. We'll just finish the wine and relax. 3. 'We're having strawberry mousse, ' announced my mother, sounding disconcertingly as if she was addressing Spanky. 4. Clara, like the others, found that the sausage inspired her with a sense of violent disgust, but she ate it just the same. 5. Although her steps were light and silent, it seemed to her that she was trudging up the stairs like a weary traveller. 6. It is just the usual sort of information a father likes to have, before he sanctions a serious relationship. 7. She has youth, she has confidence, she regrets nothing. 8. She made a pot of very strong tea, and while she was waiting for it to draw she opened the kitchen door to inspect her garden. 9. That costs time, and time is money. 10. Her hair was like quotation marks. Her hair was quoting her face. 11. It was good news apart from that; it was generally encouraging; perhaps the article had had some merit after all. 12. 'Now begins the best half-an-hour of the day, the drive to work. 13. The donkey needed food and water. 14. Soon, they lost patience and sent me to Durban.

Ex. 3. Divide the following nouns into countable and uncountable. Make up sentences with them.

Foliage, loaf, sledge, traffic, work, pig, bread, traffic jam, meal, pork, advice, advertisement, table, flat, information, note, rubbish, accommodation, job, leaf, furniture, watch, travel.

Ex. 4. Put the nouns below into four groups: a) countable b) uncountable c) countable or uncountable d) always plural

Book, chocolate, clothes, food, fruit, knife, luggage, news, plate, police, potato, progress, scissors, spider, transport, trousers.

Ex. 5. Read the following pairs of sentences. Which of the following nouns are countable and which are uncountable? What is the meaning in each case?

1 a) I've got a stone in my shoe – I'll have to stop. b) Our house is built of local stone.

2 a) She's had her hair dyed bright pink. b) Look! I've found a hair in my coffee.

3 a) I don't really like living in the country. b) I'd like to try living in another country.

4 a) There's not much space in the boot. b) There's a space between those two cars to park.

5 a) I forgot to buy a paper today – I'll have to watch the news on TV. b) Have you got any paper to write on?

6 a) Spinach is full of iron. b) Have you got an iron so I can iron my shirt?

Ex. 6. Use the appropriate form of the verb.

1. I don't care what your family (to say). It's all their doing. 2. Our family (to be) poor any more. 3. Our family (to be) all good chess-players. 4. The family (to be) at the table, but they had finished breakfast. 5. President Mitterand’s government (to be) implicated in the crime. 6. The government (to be) trying to convince people of the need of higher taxes. 7. The entire staff (to have) done an outstanding job this year. 8. The staff (to be) very helpful. 9. Captain Stephen Craigan told that his team (to be) deflated after the loss of two away goals. 10. This team (to be) very popular in the US. 11. The wedding party (to be) forced to abandon their cars and literally to fight their way into the Old Town Hall on foot. 12. A search party (to be) sent out to look for the missing climbers. 13. The jury (to be) made up of seven women and five men. 14. The jury (to be) convinced of Davidson’s guilt. 15. The party (to be) in the full swing. The music was playing, the company (to be) eating and drinking. 16. Our little group (to be) complete again. 17. The largest group (to be) the boys. 18. Liverpool (to be) leading 1-0. 19. Liverpool (to be) attacking again. 20. The stuff at school (to be) not happy with their new working conditions. 21. Do you think the people (to be) happy with the government? 22. The Russian people (to be)very hospitable.

Ex. 7. Use the appropriate form of the verb.

1. The news I have received (to be) good. 2. Where (to be) the money? 3. His trousers (to be) too large for him. 4. The scales (to be) not exact. 5. Our furniture (to be) old. 6. News (to travel) fast. 7. These glasses (to be) made in Italy. 8. This pair of scissors (to be) sharp. 9. Money (to make) money. 10. The police (to think) the man might have committed the crime. 11. My jeans (to be) denim blue. 12. Your progress (to be) good. 13. Where (to be) the scissors? 14. The information he gave us (to be) very important. 15. The police (to be) appealing for witnesses. 16. The poultry (to be) in the yard. 17. His advice (to be) always useful to me. 18. I know my hair (to be) beautiful, everybody says so. 19. Fatting cattle (consume) from 5 to 10 gallons of water a head daily. 20. The police (to be) investigating this case now. 21. Nadia's hair (to look) awful, but I don't have the courage to tell her. 22. I've been reading this book about camping. There (to be) some good advice about food in it. 23. His clothes (to be) dirty. 24. (to be) the equipment ready? 25. The pajamas (to be) under your pillow. 26. It turned out that the information we had received (to be) wrong. 27. The luggage on the plane (to take) up a lot of room. 28. The clothes you bought me for my birthday (to be) wonderful. 29. My new trousers (to be) in the wash. 30. The traffic (to be) really terrible this evening. 31. Official news (to be) brief. 32. The loving couple (to be) no longer happy. 33. Money spent on brain (to be) never money spent in vain. 34. The nurse's wages (to be)good. 35. He keeps poultry that (to produce) eggs. 36. But no one is going anywhere until the cattle (to move).

Ex. 8. Translate into English.

1. Его советы всегда бывают такими убедительными (convincing). Почему ты никогда им не следуешь? 2. Какая ненастная (nasty) погода! В такую дождливую погоду лучше сидеть дома. 3. Она делает хорошие успехи в английском. 4. Я удивлен, что она поверила этим странным новостям. Боюсь, они недостоверны. Кто их ей сообщил? 5. Мне кажется, эти весы сломаны. 6. Вчера я положил сюда деньги. Где они? Я не могу их найти. 7. Я считаю, что помещение для нашего магазина вполне подходящее. 8. Мне не нравятся эти джинсы. Мне кажется, та пара джинсов лучше. 9. Экипаж был готов выполнить (fulfil) приказ капитана. 10. Нику необходимо сшить (sew) новые брюки. У меня есть хорошая синяя материя. 11. Он купил буханку хлеба, пакет молока, кусок мыла и тюбик зубной пасты. 12. Информация о ценах очень интересна. 13. Вдруг позади себя я услышал громкий смех. 14. Его знания по математике лучше моих. 14. Актеров встретили аплодисментами. 15. Морковь богата витаминами. 16. Она считает, что современная одежда красива и удобна (convenient). 17. Волосы у Берты были очень длинные, и она заплетала их в косу (to plait). 18. Фрукты лежали в большой вазе и были похожи на натюрморт (still life). 19. На столе имеются яблоки, сливы и другие фрукты. 20. Зелень на Кавказе подают ко всем мясным блюдам. 21. Где деньги на покупки? – Они на столе на кухне. 22. У меня с собой мало денег, их не хватит на покупку этого альбома. 23. Моих знаний оказалось недостаточно, пришлось пригласить специалиста.

Ex. 9. Rewrite each sentence so it contains a word from the list.

a The students' rooms were of a very high standard.

b The rain and snow and high winds have been very bad this year.

с The chairs and tables and cupboards are arriving tomorrow.

d There are a lot of bottles and bits of paper at the edge of the sports field.

e The new things we use cost a lot of money, so look after them.

f The jobs in the factory were very difficult.

g The mountains and lakes and rivers in this country are very beautiful.

h Most of the coats and shirts and trousers were destroyed in the fire.

Ex. 10. Choose the correct answer.

1. If you have... time at the end of the exam, check your answers.

A few В a few С little   D a little

2. Give me... minutes and I'll be ready.

A few В a few С little   D a little

3. We've only got... milk left, so get some when you go shopping.

A few В a few С little   D a little

4. Just... practice every day and you'll soon be able to play the piano.

A few В a few С little   D a little

5. We were disappointed that... of the members came to the youth club party.

A few В a few С little   D a little

6. Sprinkle... sugar on the strawberries.

A few В a few С little   D a little

7. I suppose now I'm 43, I have... hope of playing football for Russia.

A few В a few С little   D a little

8. Could you help me with... exercises I don't understand?

A few В a few С little   D a little

9. There's... coffee left, if anyone wants some.

A few В a few С little   D a little

10. Becoming an astronaut is so demanding that... people manage it.

A few В a few С little   D a little

11. I'll meet you in half an hour – I've got... e-mails to write first.

A few В a few С little   D a little

12. Many people feel there's... point in voting, even in a general election.

A few В a few С little   D a little

NUMBER

Ex. 1. Plural forms. Which 18 words in the list below have mistakes (including spelling mistakes)?

Ex. 2. Supply the plural of the following nouns. Pronounce the plurals aloud and explain the pronunciation and spelling.

Dove, tap, bench, rib, scarf, glass, echo, fly, brush, monkey, watch, nose, cliff, half, cuckoo, play, photo, lady, handkerchief, louse, swine, calf, log, berry, bridge.

Ex. 3. Put the correct endings to plural forms.

1. The wood cutters used their ____ (axe) to chop down the trees. 2. They need two more ____ (chair) to sit on. 3. Why have you bought only two ____ (kilo) of ____ (potato)? 4. In the fall, the ____ (leaf) begin to change colour. 5. All of the ____ (bus) left at the same time. 6. The mayors of all neighbouring ____ (city) are coming to greet guests. 7. For Christmas my parents gave my sisters ____ (dress) and my brother and me ____ (watch). 8. ____ (Library) are always open on ____ (Tuesday). 9. Are there any ____ (circus) in your region? 10. We send our best ____ (wish) and many ____ (kiss) to everybody. 11. My father is fat. He weighs fifteen ____ (stone). 12. The basic British currency is the pound, which is divided into 100 ____ (penny). The coins in circulation: one ____ (penny), two ____ (penny), five ____ (penny), ten ____ (penny), twenty ____ (penny), fifty ____ (penny), one ____ (pound), two ____ (pound). 13. I placed the parcels on the table and Mrs. Lewis gave me a piece of cake and ____ (penny). 14. The artist receives 88 ____ (penny), the producer and publisher another 88 between them. 15. The ____ (fly) were swarming around the garbage cans. 16. Despite the competition, Merriam-Webster still accounts for about half of the 2 million ____ (dictionary) sold annually in the United States. 17. During 1991, Bontang exported 197 contracted standard ____ (cargo). 18. Every child went home with a few dozen ____ (herring) on a string. 19. The Indian people hunted ____ (deer), ____ wild (sheep) and ____ (bird), and fished. 20. ____ (thief) took a marble statue from the church sometime last night. 21. The Arundell Arms Hotel in Devon runs a variety of courses in wet and dry fly fishing for ____ (salmon) and ____ (trout). 22. There are two ____ (Christy) in our class. 23. The natural stone pillars located 18 km westwards from Varna are one of the most incredible ____ (phenomenon) in Bulgaria. 24. From here they could control both river ____ (valley), and deny Douglas his passage home by either. 25. One full course of treatment costs as little as ____ 10 (pound) 50 (penny).

Ex. 4. Use the appropriate form of the verb.

1. That species of spiders (to be) commonly seen in deserts of North Africa. 2. The phenomena (to be) unusual. 3. Mathematics (to be) difficult, but physics (to be) more difficult to my mind. 4. When the traffic lights (to be) red, don’t cross the road. 5. Criteria (to be) changing, you know. 6. The contents of the letter (to be) made public. 7. The media (to involve) print journalism, TV, radio and even electronic forms of communication as the Internet. 8. Billiards (to be) played all over the world. 9. The police headquarters (to be) far off. 10. The research data (to show) that these animals are more adaptable than we thought. 11. Mumps (to be) a dangerous decease. 12. All my belongings (to be) in my bag. 13. Fish (to be) not cheap today. 14. Fruit (to be) cheap in summer. 15. The fruit (to be) on the table. 16. The stairs (to be) very clean. 17. Their new surroundings (to create) a very unfavorable impression on their friends. 18. The basis of his argument (to be) that people who sell drugs should be jailed for life.

Ex. 5. Complete the sentence with a word from the list in either singular or plural form as necessary. You can use a word more than once. One word is not used.

1. Some doctors say that it is dangerous to put too much ____ on our food. 2. If you want to be an explorer, you have to enjoy ____. That's obvious. 3. Until the 19^th century, ships were built using different kinds of ____. 4. The body of an armadillo is completely covered in ____. 5. There are many organizations that give school leavers ____ about careers. 6. The first electric ____, in the late 19^th century, had no temperature control. 7. In chemistry, solutions of ____ in water are called electrolytes. 8. The ____ of France are famous throughout the world. 9. Discoveries made in physics in the 20^th century have given us new ____ of the universe. 10. The Internet is a good source of ____, though not all of it is accurate.

Ex. 6. Choose the correct variant.

1. There are more than a thousand sheep / sheeps on this farm.

2. Please accept my thank / thanks for your beautiful present.

3. He got three watches / watch, some money, knifes / knives, and other things.

4. Kate decided to change her style and bought new cloth / clothes.

5. Paul found his belonging / belongings outside in the street.

6. Would you like to try a chocolate mouse / mice?

7. World Airways has bought 20 new aircraft / aircrafts.

8. We have already sent the good / goods you ordered.

9. There are two knifes / knives in the top drawer.

10. Alan hurt his leg when he fell down the stair / stairs.

Ex. 7. Choose the correct form, A or B, to complete the sentence.

1. Martin had some very strange ____ when he stayed in the old castle.

A experience         В experiences

2. I've always enjoyed ____, that is why I have worked abroad a lot.

A travel          В travels

3. The teacher was upset at the children's ____.

A behaviour         В behaviours

4. Some people think that if they don't eat ____, they will lose weight.

A bread                В loaf

5. The computer printer has run out of ____.

A paper                В papers

6. In this part of the country, it isn't easy to find a ____.

A work                 В job

7. Can you take my ____ upstairs, please?

A luggage            В luggages

8. Kate is earning a lot of ____ in her new job.

A money               В moneys

Ex. 8. In each sentence, either one or both of the forms in italicsis correct. Tick the sentences where both forms are correct. Underline the correct form in the others.

1. Mumps is/are not too problematic if contracted in childhood, but can be dangerous in later life.

2. For really good electric pianos/pianoes, have a look in Marston's.

3. Corn circles are one of the strangest phenomenons/phenomena of recent times.

4. For this dish, you need to weigh the ingredients carefully on the kitchen scale/kitchen scales.

5. The Asthma Help line will be able to give you advice/an advice.

6. This checkout is for customers with fewer/less than five items only.

7. He was hit on the head by stone/a stone and had to go to hospital.

8. The supermarket is doing a lot of different fruit/fruits from the Far East at the moment.

9. The most exciting event for most British viewers in the Sydney Olympics was/were the rowing finals.

10. Bread and butter is/are eaten with meals by most people in the North of England.

11. 'The Three Kings' was/were a great success for George Clooney.

12. Have you thought about doing gymnastics? I think it's/they're very good for you.

13. Recent events prove the saying that twenty-four hours is/are a long time in politics.

14. The Council's team of social workers is/are to be commended for their actions.

15. The United Nations is/are sending a special envoy to the conflict zone.

16. I'll take you to the station if you give me shout/a shout when you're ready.

17. Darts is/are a popular game in Britain.

18. Four days isn't/aren't long enough for a good holiday.

19. The audience was/were given free tickets.

20. Five miles is/are a long way to walk every day.

21. All of her belongings was/were in her suitcase.

Ex. 9. Correct the errors in the following sentences where necessary.

1. One day Catherine and William were walking along the street when suddenly they saw an abandoned luggage. 2. Mumps are an infectious illness which makes your neck swell and become painful. 3. He told us that he was looking for an accommodation. 4. They gave him an advice not to leave his luggage in the middle of the street. 5. That striped pajamas is yours. 6. Air travel is becoming cheaper. 7. We were stuck in a heavy traffic for more than an hour. 8. Traffic light is used to control traffic. 9. Now farming is at a crossroads in the European Council. 10. We have a plan to reduce pollution. 11. We have to use specialist equipments for this task. 12. Teachers need to have a patience. 13. Billiards is a game played on a cloth-covered table in which balls are hit with a cue against each other and into pockets at the edge of the table. 14. 80 percents of the population voted.

Ex. 10. Translate from Russia into English.

1. В нашем офисе работает семь мужчин и шесть женщин. 2. У этого крестьянина есть корова, два вола, десяток овец и несколько гусей. 3. Два полицейских охраняли дом Джеймса. 4. У этой актрисы красивые белые зубы. 5. У сына Линды уже появился зубик. 6. – В доме есть мыши. – К сожалению, сегодня утром я видела мышку на кухне. 7. – В прошлое воскресенье мы ездили на рыбалку. – И сколько рыбок вы поймали? – Максим поймал пять маленьких рыбок, а я всего одну, но это была большая рыба. 8. – Мы видели красивого оленя в лесу. – Да, олени красивые животные. 9. У нее очень маленькие ноги. 10. Он бежал очень быстро, несмотря на боль в ноге. 11. Опубликованы две серии рассказов С. Моэма. 12. В мире более 24 000 разновидностей рыбы. 13. В этих лесах водятся дикие гуси. 14. – Полиция здесь? – Да, она только что приехала. 15. Прохожие помогали пожарным спасать людей. 16. – Какой милый ребенок! – Да, все дети хорошие, когда они маленькие. 17. Мужчины, женщины, дети работали в полях. 18. Моя кошка слишком ленивая, она не хочет ловить мышей. 19. Мама купила две рыбы для кошки и собаки. 20. Моя пижама сшита из хлопка.

Ex. 11. Make the following nouns plural.

A) Sister-in-law, sitting-room, swine, tape-recorder, tea-pot, headquarters, trout, clergyman, finger-tip, merry-go-round, mischief-maker, stepdaughter, basis, datum, ox, fish, lily-of-the valley, criterion, species.

B) Child, ATM, woman, also-ran, teaspoonful, George, Kennedy, ski, soliloquy, potato, buffalo, elf.

Ex. 12. Supply the plural of the following compound nouns, translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The robbery was witnessed by several … (passer-by). 2. Changes at sorting and post offices would affect … (postman), sorters, engineers, drivers and managers, they said. 3. … (court-martial) are courts that judge soldiers who may have broken military law. 4. I like … (lily-of-the-valley) and other woodland flowers. 5. … (merry-go-round) are machines that turn around and around, and have model animals or cars for children to sit on. 6. … (watch-maker) repair clocks and watches. 7. … (woman-doctor) were scarce in the 19^th century. 8. … (boy-messenger) deliver messages or documents. 9. All she does is talk about her … (boy-friend). 10. (Add-on) are products that are designed to be used with other products. 12. I prefer … (woman-servant) to … (man-servant). 13. ... (drive-in) are places where you can watch films outdoors while sitting in your car. 14. ... (hanger-on) are people who spend a lot of time with a rich or important person, because they hope to get some advantage for themselves. 15. There are a lot of... (hold-up) on the highway. 16. Are there any... (drop-out) in your group?

Ex. 13. Translate into English.

1. Ты любишь ландыши? – Да, и незабудки тоже. 2. Я люблю наш парк – в нем много каруселей. 3. Не люблю прихлебателей! 4. Даже в нашем маленьком городе бывают заторы на дорогах. 5. Мой брат и дядя – часовщики. 6. В нашей истории было немало великих главнокомандующих. 7. Вчера состоялась встреча главных редакторов. 8. Зрители видят больше, чем игроки. 9. Добрый день, дорогие телезрители! 10. Слуги неаккуратны.

CASE

Ex. 1. Put in the missing possessive apostrophes.

DavidCopperfield, the novel by Charles Dickens, is a story of one boys struggle after losing his parents. Davids father dies when he is young, and his mother remarries. His stepfather, Mr Murdstone, treats David unkindly, and he can only find happiness with the Peggoty family, his nurses relatives. At school, at first he is unhappy but then wins his friends respect. However, when his mother dies, his stepfather sends him to work in a factory in London, where the other boys make fun of him. David runs away and walks to his aunts house in Dover. Here he grows up happily, goes to school and becomes a clerk in a lawyers office in London. He falls in love with Dora, his employers daughter, and when his aunts money is lost in a bad investment, he works writing reports of parliament for the newspapers. Many parts of the story follow the events of Dickens own life.

Ex. 2. Each space in the paragraph below is preceded by an " opportunity for error" in the formation of plurals or possessives. If the word is correct, write " C" in the space; if it is incorrect, write " I".

The family reunion

My friend's ___, the Rodriguez's ___, had a big family reunion last summer. They hadn't been together since the late 1980's ___, according to Carmen, and there were many cousins ___ she hadn't seen since then and some new baby's ___ she'd never met before. " Aunt Flo ___ and Uncle Silvio's ___ family had really grown, " she said. Flo, who already had five kids of her own, had divorced and remarried and Flo's ___ and Silvio's ___ kids – like a bunch of elves ___ – filled a minivan and two taxis ___. Fortunately, Flo and Silvio have PhD's ___ in psychology with good incomes to match. " We should've leased busses ___ for everyone, " Carmen added.

They had their big dinner down at that place owned by Joe Pagani, Paganis ___ Ristorante, Illinois's ___ most popular and expensive restaurant. It was jammed and familys ___ kept arriving in bunch's ___ until some people ended up sitting on box's ___ and benches ___. The waitresses ___ went crazy keeping up with the order's ___, especially with kids ordering from the childrens' ___ menu. When it came time to pay the bill, they couldn't find Agnes's ___ purse, and she had collected all the money. They had a lot of laughes ___ about washing all those dish's ___ until Uncle Antony found his baby girl, Eutrusca, curled up under his chair, sound asleep, using Agneses' ___ bag for a pillow. Eutrusca hadn't waited for her grandpas ___ long after-dinner speech to put her to sleep.

Ex. 3. Paraphrase the following expressions using the possessive case.

1. They were looking through the letters that came last week. 2. The film was shown at the festival last year. 3. Pete and Donald were discussing the meeting that will be held tomorrow. 4. Robin served what was left over from the dinner they had yesterday. 5. India was the colony of England. 6. Was anyone killed during the raid last month? 7. The storm was very severe last week. 8. The strike at the airport caused the delay for three hours. 9. It was the only cinema in the town. 10. The timetable for the next week is not ready yet.

Ex. 4. Fill in the blanks with s, 's and s'where necessary.

1. This is a new book of Pushkin... poem... . 2. This man was Paul... and Kate... teacher... of music. 3. These people are Sam... and Frank... parent... . 4. They spent a week... holiday at the Barton... . 5. My relatives spent a two week... holiday with the Barton... . 6. This writer... life was short but bright. 7. There was a moment... silence between them. 8. We couldn't explain the young girl... behaviour at yesterday... dinner. 9. The boy... got their first week... salary and were very happy. 10. Bob... friend... live in his parent... house. 11. What was the car... number? 12. The ship... crew consisted of foreign sailors.

Ex. 5. Paraphrase the following using the possessive case where possible.

1. Jessica works for a magazine for men. 2. The roof of the house needs painting. 3. The dress of the girl was made by her mother. 4. The dresses of the girls were wonderful. 5. My seat was at the wing of the plane. 6. The style of this designer is perfect. 7. The sound of the car made me stop writing. 8. The voices of the children woke up the dog. 9. Mary often sat on the bank of the river looking at the ducks. 10. A holiday for a week will do you good. 11. These files belong to Felix. 12. I borrowed an umbrella from Charles. 13. Their house is at the end of the street. 14. Brian studies the history of the English language. 15. The leg of the new table is broken. 16. If I need some meat, I go to the shop of a butcher. 17. Where is the key to the car? 18. Pamela spends her weekends at the house of her aunt. 19. The cover of this dictionary is very bright. 20. The problems of the company are very serious.

Ex. 6. Paraphrase the following using the possessive case.

1. the house of Mr. Smith; the bags of those women; the orders of our boss; the books of the children; the cottage of my parents;

2. coal deposits of the world; the influence of the sun; the atmosphere of the earth; the arrival of the ship; icy mountains of Greenland; the policy of the company;

3. the mother of Kate and Mary; the paintings by Picasso and Dali; the gun of the commander-in-chief; the times of Ivan the Terrible; the speech of the Minister of Foreign Trade; the correspondent of the Herald Tribune; a flat of my father-in-law; the wives of Henry the Eighth;

4. a cruise which lasts three weeks; work which takes two hours; a distance of five kilometres; the flight which took three hours; a semester of eight weeks; the rest which lasted an hour; a play of three acts.

Ex. 7. Choose the correct alternative, A or B. In some cases both options are correct.

Ex. 8. Eight of these sentences contain mistakes. Tick the correct sentences, then find and correct the mistakes.

1. Elizabeth is a good friend of him.

2. I'm really fed up with my landlord's wive's endless complaints about noise.

3. As the English say, ones' home is ones' castle.

4. You should pay attention to what he says; he's a close associate of the managing director.

5. We'll be at Mum's soon.

6. She's been put in charge of childrens' activities at the summer camp in Maine.

7. Since they got married they've only been interested in each other.

8. My brother's-in-law's parents have decided to emigrate.

9. We don't know him very well; he's just an acquaintance of us from our university days.

10.  There's something wrong with that buses' brake lights.

Ex. 9. Rewrite each phrase underlined using the noun + noun structure. You may have to change plural and singular forms.

A. The Eastern Highlands are a range of mountains running along Australia's east coast.

B. Temperatures in areas of desert can reach 50°C in summer.

C. Aboriginal peoples are thought to have come to Australia from Southeast Asia around 50, 000 years ago when levels of the sea were much lower.

D. Over a third of Australia's income from exports comes from agricultural products.

E. Australia is still the largest exporter of wool in the world.

F. The most important area for the farming of beef is the northern state of Queensland. (leave out the)

G. Crops are watered with systems of irrigation.

H. Australia is also rich in resources of minerals.

I. Minerals produce high earnings from exports.

J. Sydney is the largest city and has an important district for business.

Ex. 10. Translate the following into Russian.

1. Во вчерашней газете было несколько интересных статей. 2. Не могли бы вы дать мне адрес Чарльза? 3. Это машина Джеймса, машина Алекса белая. 4. Работа стюардессы достаточно сложна. 5. Это мужской клуб, а не женский. 6. Детство Дениса было трудным. 7. Я устала, давайте сделаем пятиминутный перерыв. 8. Детишки играли в тени дерева. 9. После лекции профессор ответил на вопросы студентов. 10. Карло – это мужское имя, а Карла – это женское имя. 11. Муж моей подруги – инженер. 12. Мне очень нравятся стихи Бернса и Китса. 13. Комната моих дочерей самая большая в доме. 14. Дети восхищались зонтиком Мэри Поппинс. 15. Советы моей мамы всегда полезны. 16. Давай встретимся в офисе Томаса. 17. Мы встретились с Анной в парикмахерской и решили выпить по чашечке кофе в кондитерской.