Seakeeping. Habitability. Beauty

Seakeeping

A vessel's hull shape, center of gravity, mass, superstructure and for sailboats its sail plan will determine its response to waves in various sea conditions and to wind. On smaller vessels designed for cruising (as opposed to racing) the ability to smoothly handle rough seas and (particularly in sailing vessels) stormy wind conditions without imposing extreme pilot skills or attention is highly desired. Such considerations are of lower importance for racing vessels.

Habitability

Vessels intended for cruising and " live aboard" marina use will compromise other factors, typically speed, in the interest of providing a useful and comfortable living environment.

Range

A vessel not providing sailing capabilities will be limited in its range by its fuel supply and fuel consumption, with fuel consumption being highly dependent upon engine type, hull shape and operating speed.

Style

Style (or fashion) will reflect attitudes of the time in which an " modern" vessel is designed or may be a homage to an earlier style of vessel design. In some cases the designs of small craft have echoed themes found in automotive design which in turn were influenced by aircraft.

Beauty

A vessel has three lines that define most of its beauty. The coaming line is the line of the top of the hull. The silhouette defines how the superstructure looks. The entry line defines how the bow looks.

In general, the lines should remind a viewer of each other. A low silhouette is pleasing, and also reduces danger from wind,.

Most naval architects specialize in one or a few types of vessels. Common specialties include:

§ Commercial (Tugboat, Ferry, Container ship, Tanker, Cruise ship)

§ Military vessels (Minesweeper, Frigate, Aircraft carrier)

§ Pleasure craft (Sailing Yacht, Motor yacht, Racing Yacht)

§ Historical vessels

Vocabulary:

Prudence
Satisfactory performance
To concern
Instantaneous stability
Ultimate stability
To suspend
To fracture
Customarily
Overdesigned
By a factor of 5
To distribute
Angle
Misplaced cargo
To recover
Degree
Pleasure sailboat
Basin
Upside down
Overstressed
Topheavy
To mount
Relative
Major mast
To hoist
Trackless
Tight passage
Shallow
Celestial navigation
Mortgage
Racing yacht
Square root
Mean waterline
Hydrofoils
Wetted area
To interfere
Widely-spaced
Narrow
Cabin
Seakeeping
Shape
Superstructure
Sail plan
Response
To handle
Rough seas
To impose
Habitability
Intended
To compromise
Range
Supply
Consumption
Operating speed
Attitude
Homage
To influence
To define
Coaming line
Minesweeper
Aircraft carrier

Полезные ссылки http: //www. brighthubengineering. com/naval-architecture/

https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bulk_carrier

http: //www. bluebird-electric. net/hydrofoils. htm

Fill the gaps with the given words:

In light winds, heavy displacement pleasure sailboats will sail slowly due to the hull drag caused by its high wetted area and the power required to shift its massive weight.
A catamaran’s light, narrow hulls slice the sea with little resistance while the widely-cpaced twin hulls provide enormous stability at low heel angles.
It reduces weight and windage (сопротивление воздуха) for better speed; minimizes weight in ends to reduce pitching; sail plan can be carried lower to increase ultimate stability.
The hydrofoil elements below the hull develop enough lift to raise the hull up and out of the water. This results in a great reduction in hull drag (лобовое сопротивление корпуса), and a further corresponding increase in speed and efficiency in operation in terms of fuel consumption.
Entry at White Sand Ridge and Memory Rock also have currents, but no tight passage to drift out of, so are much better choices. Any passage parallel to the edge of the bank near rocky or sandy edges should pay close attention to the current, as a current running onto the bank will put the vessel quickly into shallow water.

Match the terms with their definitions.

To recover – to return to a normal condition after a list or a capsize.
To handle – to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions.
Superstructure – the main area of the ship which holds the accommodation and bridge of the ship.
Operating speed – the highest overall speed at which a vessel can navigate under favorable weather conditions without at any time exceeding the safe speed.
Coaming – the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

Fill the gaps with the given words:

Narrow, sailboats, angles, current, wetted area, hydrofoil, widely-cpaced, sail plan, entry, ultimate stability, consumption, tight passage, pitching, shallow, reduction.

1. In light winds, heavy displacement pleasure ___ will sail slowly due to the hull drag caused by its high ___ and the power required to shift its massive weight.

2. A catamaran’s light, ___ hulls slice the sea with little resistance while the ___ twin hulls provide enormous stability at low heel ___.

3. It reduces weight and windage (сопротивление воздуха) for better speed; minimizes weight in ends to reduce ___; ___can be carried lower to increase ___.

4. The ___ elements below the hull develop enough lift to raise the hull up and out of the water. This results in a great ___ in hull drag (лобовое сопротивление корпуса), and a further corresponding increase in speed and efficiency in operation in terms of fuel ___.

5. ___ at White Sand Ridge and Memory Rock also have currents, but no ___ to drift out of, so are much better choices. Any passage parallel to the edge of the bank near rocky or sandy edges should pay close attention to the ___, as a current running onto the bank will put the vessel quickly into ___ water.

Match the terms with their definitions.

To recover, To handle, Superstructure, Operating speed, Coaming.

– the main area of the ship which holds the accommodation and bridge of the ship.

– to return to a normal condition after a list or a capsize.

– the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

– to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions.

– the highest overall speed at which a vessel can navigate under favorable weather conditions without at any time exceeding the safe speed.

Fill the gaps with the given words:

Narrow, sailboats, angles, current, wetted area, hydrofoil, widely-cpaced, sail plan, entry, ultimate stability, consumption, tight passage, pitching, shallow, reduction.

1. In light winds, heavy displacement pleasure ___ will sail slowly due to the hull drag caused by its high ___ and the power required to shift its massive weight.

2. A catamaran’s light, ___ hulls slice the sea with little resistance while the ___ twin hulls provide enormous stability at low heel ___.

3. It reduces weight and windage (сопротивление воздуха) for better speed; minimizes weight in ends to reduce ___; ___can be carried lower to increase ___.

Match the terms with their definitions.

To recover, To handle, Superstructure, Operating speed, Coaming.

– the main area of the ship which holds the accommodation and bridge of the ship.

– to return to a normal condition after a list or a capsize.

– the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

– to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions.

– the highest overall speed at which a vessel can navigate under favorable weather conditions without at any time exceeding the safe speed.

Fill the gaps with the given words:

Narrow, sailboats, angles, current, wetted area, hydrofoil, widely-cpaced, sail plan, entry, ultimate stability, consumption, tight passage, pitching, shallow, reduction.

1. In light winds, heavy displacement pleasure ___ will sail slowly due to the hull drag caused by its high ___ and the power required to shift its massive weight.

2. A catamaran’s light, ___ hulls slice the sea with little resistance while the ___ twin hulls provide enormous stability at low heel ___.

3. It reduces weight and windage (сопротивление воздуха) for better speed; minimizes weight in ends to reduce ___; ___can be carried lower to increase ___.

Match the terms with their definitions.

To recover, To handle, Superstructure, Operating speed, Coaming.

– the main area of the ship which holds the accommodation and bridge of the ship.

– to return to a normal condition after a list or a capsize.

– the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

– to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions.

– the highest overall speed at which a vessel can navigate under favorable weather conditions without at any time exceeding the safe speed.

Fill the gaps with the given words:

Narrow, sailboats, angles, current, wetted area, hydrofoil, widely-cpaced, sail plan, entry, ultimate stability, consumption, tight passage, pitching, shallow, reduction.

1. In light winds, heavy displacement pleasure ___ will sail slowly due to the hull drag caused by its high ___ and the power required to shift its massive weight.

2. A catamaran’s light, ___ hulls slice the sea with little resistance while the ___ twin hulls provide enormous stability at low heel ___.

3. It reduces weight and windage (сопротивление воздуха) for better speed; minimizes weight in ends to reduce ___; ___can be carried lower to increase ___.

Match the terms with their definitions.

To recover, To handle, Superstructure, Operating speed, Coaming.

– the main area of the ship which holds the accommodation and bridge of the ship.

– to return to a normal condition after a list or a capsize.

– the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

– to deal with a situation or problem by behaving in a particular way and making particular decisions.

– the highest overall speed at which a vessel can navigate under favorable weather conditions without at any time exceeding the safe speed.

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