МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РК

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РК

КАЗАХСКАЯ ГОЛОВНАЯЙ АРХИТЕКТУРНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ

Учебный год___2017-2018____

ПАСПОРТ

ТЕСТОВЫХ ЗАДАНИЙ

Форма контроля ______летняя__________________________________________________

(зимняя/летняя экзаменационная сессия по формам обучения/комплекный государственный экзамен по специальности/государственный экзамен по профильным дисциплинам/экзамен/ сессии выпускного курса/экзамен/сессия по практике/входной срез/государственный срез по специальности)

Дисциплина: ____________BuildingConstruction 1 _____________

Специальность: ____Строительство, Архитектура___________________

Группы: _____Cтр-16-13**, Арх-15-8**_____________________

Параметры теста:

Форма и язык обучения_______английский________

Количество кредитов/вопросов_____240_______

Утверждено на заседании __________________________

Протокол № 1 от _______________________________

Председатель МС Джумадилова С. Ж ______________________________

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Декан ФОС Полякова И. М. _______________________________

(ФИО) (подпись, дата)

Академический/ассоциир/профессор по направлению специальности дисциплины:

____________________________________ ______________________________________

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____________________________________ ___________________________________________________

(ФИО) (подпись, дата)

Регистратор Буганова С. Н. _______________________________

(ФИО) ( подпись, дата)

Разработчик Козюкова Н. В. _______________________________

(ФИО) (подпись, дата)

$$$ 1 Principle of reinforced concrete?

$$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and steel reinforcement, rationally located in the structures for the perception of tensile and, in some cases, and compression forces;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement, located arbitrarily in the cross section of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement that is located only in compressed zones of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement placed in the centre of gravity of the cross section of the element.

$$$ 2 Factors ensuring the joint operation of concrete and reinforcement?

$$ similar to those of the coefficients of linear expansion, of grip between concrete and reinforcement, protecting the reinforcement against corrosion and other external influences;

$ shrinkage and creep of concrete, the adhesion of concrete with reinforcement, protection of reinforcement against mechanical impact;

$ use of reinforcement periodic profile, the compression of the reinforcement due to shrinkage, the same coefficients of linear expansion;

$ protection of the reinforcement from external influences (corrosion, high temperature, mechanical), high strength concrete in compression, low strength of concrete in tension.

$$$ 3 How depends the strength of concrete from time to time?

$$ under favorable conditions the strength of concrete increases;

$ increases whatever the conditions;

$ the strength of concrete is reduced;

$ the strength of concrete does not change over time.

$$$ 4 Effect on concrete strength of stress?

$$ strength of concrete in compression is greater than in tension;

$ the strength of concrete in tension more than in compression;

$ the strength of concrete is the same in compression and in tension;

$ the strength of concrete are the same for dense concrete.

$$$ 5 What is called the class of concrete strength?

$$ temporary compressive strength of concrete cubes with size 150 mm rib, tested after 28 days of storage at a temperature of температуре 20 ± 2⁰С With the statistical variability;

$ temporary resistance to axial compression of concrete prisms at the age of 28 days;

$ average value of tensile concrete compression test cubes standard;

$ temporary resistance to axial tension specimens at age of 28 days, taking into account statistical variability.

$$$ 6 What is shrinkage of concrete?

$$ the decrease in the volume of concrete hardening in air;

$ the decrease in hardening in water;

$ the decrease at high temperatures;

$ the increase of volume during solidification in the water.

$$$ 7 What is called creep of concrete?

$$ the increase in inelastic strain with time at constant stress;

$ the decrease in deformation of the loaded specimen over time;

$ the increase in the elastic deformation under the influence of long-acting load;

$ increase in deformation under load over time.

$$$ 8 Yield strength of steel?

$$ stress at which strain increases without load change;

$ stress up to which the material acts elastically;

$ stress at which permanent deformation amount to 0. 02%;

$ stress at which there is a gap element.

$$$ 9 What distinguishes prism strength from cube?

$$ less;

$ equal;

$ more;

$ are equal if the height of the prism is 2 times the height of the cube.

$$$ 10 What is the difference between strength of concrete tensile strength of concrete in compression?

$$ less;

$ more;

$ equal;

$ less only for lightweight concrete.

$$$ 11 What class is a plain reinforcement?

$$ A-I;

$ A-II;

$ A-III;

$ A-IV.

$$$ 12 What are the signs classified reinforcements?

$$ strength and deformability;

$ the chemical composition;

$ deformability;

$ strength.

$$$ 13 Specify the class of hot rolled reinforcement periodic profile?

$$ А-II…А-VI;

$ А-I;

$ Вр-I;

$ Вр-II.

$$$ 14 Specify the class of cold-drawn wire reinforcement with periodic profile?

$$ Вр-I, Вр-II;

$ А-III, А-IV;

$ A-I, A-II;

$ В-II.

$$$ 15 Specify the class of reinforcement cold-drawn plain profile?

$$ В-II;

$ Ат-IV, Ат-V;

$ Вр-I, Вр-II

$ A-I, А-III.

$$$ 16 For what purpose on the surface of the reinforcement creates a different kind of profile (ridges, bumps, etc. )?

$$ to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement with the concrete;

$ to improve the strength properties;

$ saving;

$ to improve weldability.

$$$ 17 Purpose of the thickness of the protective layer.

$$ enable collaboration reinforcement with concrete and to protect reinforcement from corrosion, high temperatures, mechanical damage;

$ to protect the reinforcement from corrosion;

$ to protect the reinforcement from mechanical damage;

$ protect the reinforcements from sudden changes of temperature.

$$$ 18 Goal of creating a prestressed reinforced concrete?

$$ to improve the crack resistance and stiffness, to ensure the use of high-strength reinforcement;

$ increase the carrying capacity of the element;

$ to increase the toughness and reduce the shrinkage strain;

$ to increase the strength of concrete.

$$$ 19 What characterizes the end of the first stage of stress-strain state of bending?

$$ stress in concrete stretched zone reached the ultimate strength (R_bt), in the compressed zone s_b< R_b, linear diagram;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and stretched zones are changed according to the linear law (triangular diagram);

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone s_b< R_b, in the tensile zone cracks;

$ the stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b=R_b) in the tensile zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_bt=R_bt).

$$$ 20 The second stage is characterized by the stress-strain state of bending…

$$ in the tensile zone of concrete cracks. At cracked sections, the stress in the tensile reinforcement area is perceived. ((s_s- R_s) Stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is curvilinear;

$ stress in concrete is compressed and stretched zones is less than the limit, diagram the stresses in the tensile zone of curvilinear;

$ stress in concrete is compressed and stretched zones is less than the limit, a linear diagram;

$ stress in the tensile reinforcement in the cross section with a crack has reached the limit values (s_s = R_s), stresses in the concrete compressed zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_b=R_b), linear diagram.

$$$ 21 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state are used to calculate the strength?

$$ third;

$ second;

$ first;

$ I-a.

$$$ 22 What characterizes the third stage of the stress-strain state of bending?

$$ stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b = R_b), curvilinear stress diagram, the stress in the reinforcement is stretched zone has reached the physical or conditional yield strength;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is linear, the tension in the stretched zone reinforcement is less than yield stress;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit ((s_b< R_b), the diagram is curved, the tension in the stretched zone reinforcement equals the yield stress.

$$$ 23 Main methods of creating pre-stress in the reinforcement?

$$ mechanical, electrothermomechanical, electrothermal;

$ electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermomechanical, mechanical;

$ mechanical, electrothermal.

$$$ 24 How to create pre-stressed concrete?

$$ tension reinforcement in abutments and concrete;

$ tension reinforcement to the concrete previously fabricated structures;

$ tension reinforcement at abutments with the subsequent concreting;

$ tension reinforcement with the help of winding machines.

$$$ 25 How changes the stress state of the reinforcement in the precast structures over time?

$$ reduces;

$ does not change;

$ increases;

$ change depends on initial stress values.

$$$ 26 What stress loss in the reinforcement occur before and during concrete prestressing under tension to the concrete?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 27 What stress loss in the reinforcement occurs after prestressing of the concrete during pretensioning?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 28 What stress loss in the reinforcement occurs before and after prestressing of the concrete during pretensioning?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 29 What the stress loss in the reinforcement occur after the compression of the concrete in tension to the concrete?

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 30 Purpose of the calculation of the ultimate limit state of the first group?

$$ to prevent any (brittle, ductile, fatigue) fracture, buckling shape and position;

$ to prevent the development of deformities and displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape or position;

$ to prevent brittle fracture.

$$$ 31 Purpose of the calculation of the ultimate limit state of the second group?

$$ to prevent excessive opening of cracks, excessive movement;

$ to prevent structural failure from any external influence;

$ to prevent the development of excessive displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape and position.

$$$ 32 Classification of loads?

$$ dead and live;

$ dead and long-term;

$ long-term and short-term;

$ dead, live and special.

$$$ 33 Classification of live loads?

$$ long, short and special;

$ dead and long-term;

$ dead, live and special;

$ long-term and short-term.

$$$ 34 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state is used to calculate the cracking?

$$ first;

$ second;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 35 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state is used to calculate the crack width and deformation?

$$ second;

$ first;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 36 What is the purpose of introducing the partial safety factor for load?

$$ to account for variability of loads;

$ to account for the nature of the impact loads on the structure;

$ to account for the magnitude of loads;

$ to identify the loads class.

$$$ 37 What are the possible changes of the safety factor on the load g_f?

$$ can be greater than 1, can be less than 0;

$ less than 1;

$ equals 1;

$ greater than 1.

$$$ 38 Design loads?

$$ establish multiplying the normative load by the safety factor q = q_n g _f;

$ set at their nominal values;

$ set norms with a given probability of exceedance;

$ establish dividing of the normative load by the safety factor ;

$$$ 39 How are classified live loads?

$$ long-term, short-term and special;

$ short-term and special;

$ long-term and special;

$ short-term and long-term.

$$$ 40 What loads are in the main combinations?

$$ dead, long-term and short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ dead and long-term;

$ dead.

$$$ 41 Which loads are included in the special combinations?

$$ dead, long-term and possible short-term and one of the specials;

$ long-term and possible short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ short-term and special.

$$$ 42 According to what limit state group calculation the design resistance is equal to normative?

$$ the second group of limit states;

$ the first group of limit states;

$ in the calculation of strength;

$ when calculating the deformations.

$$$ 43 To which is introduced a boundary height of the compressed zone in bending?

$$ to clarify on what condition works the section (on the case I or case II of the third stage);

$ to ensure the strength of the element in the compressed zone;

$ to ensure the strength of the element in the tensile zone;

$ to ensure the strength of the element on both zones.

$$$ 44 Purpose of transverse reinforcement in bending elements?

$$ for the perception of the principal tensile stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of main compressive stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of tangential stresses;

$ for the perception of tensile stresses normal to the sections.

$$$ 45 Purpose of the longitudinal reinforcement in bending elements?

$$ for perception mainly tensile stresses and, in some cases, compressive in the normal section;

$ for the perception of compressive stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of the principal tensile stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of shear stresses.

$$$ 46 In some cases, resort to the installation of double reinforcements?

$$ low strength of concrete in compressed zone;

$ insufficient strength of concrete in tension zone;

$ low strength of tension reinforcement;

$ insufficient area of tension reinforcement.

$$$ 47 Which strength conditions at bending for rectangular section is correct ?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 48 What are the constructive requirements, ensuring the strength of the inclined sections on bending moment?

$$ longitudinal tension reinforcement should be brought to the supports, and ensures its reliable anchoring;

$ part of the longitudinal tensile reinforcement should be brought to the supports, and ensures its reliable anchoring;

$ longitudinal tension reinforcement should be brought to the supports;

$ part of the longitudinal reinforcement should be brought to the supports, additional transverse reinforcement is placed.

$$$ 49 Under what conditions is provided the strength of the inclined sections to the action of bending moment?

$$$ 50 Under what conditions is provided the strength of the inclined sections to the action of shear force?

$$$ 51 Reasons that cause the formation of inclined cracks?

$$ main tensile stresses;

$ stresses perpendicular to the rod axis (y);

$ stresses in the direction of axes x and y;

$ stresses along the axis of the rod (x).

$$$ 52 Specify the correct dependency in determining the reinforcement ratio of bending elements.

$$$ 53 What kind of structures are assigned grade of concrete on frost resistance?

$$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of alternate freezing and thawing;

$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ for all;

$ requirements of thermal insulation.

$$$ 54 What kind of structures are assigned grade of concrete on water resistance?

$$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of the transverse freezing and thawing;

$ requirements insulation;

$ for self-stressed frames

$$$ 55 What kind of structures in the project is specified the class of concrete on strength under axial compression?

$$ for all;

$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of alternate freezing and thawing;

$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ requirements of thermal insulation.

$$$ 56 In which cases are assigned the class of concrete strength on axial tension?

$$ when this feature will be essential and controlled at the production;

$ for all;

$ requirements insulation;

$ requirements limitations permeability.

$$$ 57 Design resistance of the transverse reinforcement (stirrups, bent bars) is reduced compared to R_s regardless of the type and class of reinforcement on the coefficient of working conditions, equals to:

$$ 0. 8

$ 0. 9

$ 0. 85

$ 0. 95

$$$ 58 When in the bent element arise inclined cracks near the supports?

$$$ 59 For the strength of the concrete element along an inclined compressed strip between the inclined cracks must be performed the condition

$$$ 60 Calculation of strength of reinforced concrete elements for inclined crack at the action of the transverse forces produced by the formula

$$$ 61 Most rational shape of cross sections of bent prestressed elements is

$$ square

$ rectangular

$ I-shaped

$ trapezoid

$$$ 62 Definition of concrete?

$$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and steel reinforcement, rationally located in the structures for the perception of tensile and, in some cases, and compression forces;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement, located arbitrarily in the cross section of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement that is located only in compressed zones of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement placed in the centre of gravity of the cross section of the element.

$$$ 63 How the joint work of concrete and reinforcement is provided?

$$ similar to those of the coefficients of linear expansion, of the grip between reinforcement and concrete, protecting the reinforcement against corrosion and other external influences;

$ shrinkage and creep of concrete, the adhesion of concrete with reinforcement, protection of reinforcement against mechanical impacts;

$ use of reinforcement periodic profile, the compression of the reinforcement due to shrinkage, the same coefficients of linear expansion;

$ protection of the reinforcement from external influences (corrosion, high temperature, mechanical), high strength concrete in compression, low strength of concrete in tension.

$$$ 64 Class of concrete on strength?

$$ temporary compressive strength of concrete cubes with size 150 mm, tested after 28 days of storage at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ^°С including the statistical variability;

$ temporary resistance to axial compression of concrete prisms at the age of 28 days;

$ average value of tensile concrete compression test cubes standard;

$ temporary resistance to axial tension specimens at age of 28 days, taking into account statistical variability.

$$$ 65 Classification of reinforcements?

$$ strength and deformability;

$ chemical composition;

$ deformability;

$ strength.

$$$ 66 Specify the class of a plain reinforcement?

$$ A-I;

$ A-II;

$ A-III;

$ A-IV.

$$$ 67 Describe the end of the first stage of stress-strain state at bending?

$$ stress in concrete of tension zone reached the ultimate strength (R_bt), in the compressed zone s_b< R_b, linear diagram;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and stretched zones are changed according to the linear law (triangular diagram);

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone s_b< R_b, in the tensile zone cracks;

$ the stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b= R_b) in the tensile zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_bt= R_bt).

$$$ 68 What for the different profiles on the surface of the reinforcement (ribs, bumps, etc. ) are created?

$$ to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement with the concrete;

$ to improve the strength properties;

$ to improve the deformation properties;

$ to improve weldability.

$$$ 69 Describe the third stage of the stress-strain state at bending?

$$ stress in the concrete of compressed zone equal to the ultimate (s_b = R_b), curvilinear stress diagram, the stress in the reinforcement of tension zone has reached the physical or conditional yield strength;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is linear, the stress in the stretched zone reinforcement is less than yield stress;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is curved, the stress in the reinforcement of tension zone equals the yield stress.

$$$ 70 Describe the second stage of the stress-strain state of bending?

$$ in the tensile zone of concrete appeared cracks. At cracked sections, the stress in the tensile reinforcement area is perceived. (s_s - R_s) Stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is curvilinear;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and tensile zones is less than the limit, diagram the stresses in the tensile zone of curvilinear;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and tensile zones is less than the limit, a linear diagram;

$$$ 71 Indicate a stage of stress-strain state, which is used in the calculation of strength?

$$ third;

$ second;

$ first;

$ I-a.

$$$ 72 Specify methods of tension reinforcement to the concrete?

$$ mechanical;

$ electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermomechanical, mechanical;

$ automatic, electrothermomechanical, electrothermal.

$$$ 73 Specify methods of pretensioning of the reinforcements?

$$ mechanical, electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermal;

$ electrothermomechanical;

$ electric.

$$$ 74. Specify the stage of the stress-strain state, which is used to calculate the cracking?

$$ first;

$ second;

$ third;

$ I-a;

$$$ 75 Indicate stage of stress-strain state is used to calculate the crack width and deformation?

$$ second;

$ first;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 76 What is the purpose of the calculating ultimate limit state of the first group?

$$ to prevent any (brittle, ductile, fatigue) fracture, buckling shape and position;

$ to prevent the development of deformities and displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape or position;

$ to prevent brittle fracture.

$$$ 77 What is the purpose of calculating ultimate limit state of the second group?

$$ to prevent excessive opening of cracks, excessive movement;

$ to prevent structural failure from any external influence;

$ to prevent the development of excessive displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape and position.

$$$ 78 How loads are classified?

$$ dead and live;

$ dead and long-term;

$ long-term and short-term;

$ dead, live and special.

$$$ 79 Specify the reasons that cause the formation of inclined cracks?

$$ main tensile stresses;

$ stresses perpendicular to the rod axis (y);

$ stresses in the direction of axes x and y;

$ stresses along the axis of the rod (x).

$$$ 80 Specify the load included in special combinations?

$$ dead, long-term, short-term and one of the specials;

$ long-term and possible short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ short-term and special.

$$$ 81 Principle of reinforced concrete?

$$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and steel reinforcement, rationally located in the structures for the perception of tensile and, in some cases, and compression forces;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement, located arbitrarily in the cross section of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement that is located only in compressed zones of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement placed in the centre of gravity of the cross section of the element.

$$$ 82 Factors ensuring the joint operation of concrete and reinforcement?

$$ similar to those of the coefficients of linear expansion, of grip between concrete and reinforcement, protecting the reinforcement against corrosion and other external influences;

$ shrinkage and creep of concrete, the adhesion of concrete with reinforcement, protection of reinforcement against mechanical impact;

$ use of reinforcement periodic profile, the compression of the reinforcement due to shrinkage, the same coefficients of linear expansion;

$ protection of the reinforcement from external influences (corrosion, high temperature, mechanical), high strength concrete in compression, low strength of concrete in tension.

$$$ 83 How depends the strength of concrete from time to time?

$$ under favorable conditions the strength of concrete increases;

$ increases whatever the conditions;

$ the strength of concrete is reduced;

$ the strength of concrete does not change over time.

$$$ 84 Effect on concrete strength of stress?

$$ strength of concrete in compression is greater than in tension;

$ the strength of concrete in tension more than in compression;

$ the strength of concrete is the same in compression and in tension;

$ the strength of concrete are the same for dense concrete.

$$$ 85 What is called the class of concrete strength?

$$ temporary compressive strength of concrete cubes with size 150 mm rib, tested after 28 days of storage at a temperature of температуре 20 ± 2⁰С With the statistical variability;

$ temporary resistance to axial compression of concrete prisms at the age of 28 days;

$ average value of tensile concrete compression test cubes standard;

$ temporary resistance to axial tension specimens at age of 28 days, taking into account statistical variability.

$$$ 86 What is shrinkage of concrete?

$$ the decrease in the volume of concrete hardening in air;

$ the decrease in hardening in water;

$ the decrease at high temperatures;

$ the increase of volume during solidification in the water.

$$$ 87 What is called creep of concrete?

$$ the increase in inelastic strain with time at constant stress;

$ the decrease in deformation of the loaded specimen over time;

$ the increase in the elastic deformation under the influence of long-acting load;

$ increase in deformation under load over time.

$$$ 88 Yield strength of steel?

$$ stress at which strain increases without load change;

$ stress up to which the material acts elastically;

$ stress at which permanent deformation amount to 0. 02%;

$ stress at which there is a gap element.

$$$ 89 What distinguishes prism strength from cube?

$$ less;

$ equal;

$ more;

$ are equal if the height of the prism is 2 times the height of the cube.

$$$ 90 What is the difference between strength of concrete tensile strength of concrete in compression?

$$ less;

$ more;

$ equal;

$ less only for lightweight concrete.

$$$ 91 What class is a plain reinforcement?

$$ A-I;

$ A-II;

$ A-III;

$ A-IV.

$$$ 92 What are the signs classified reinforcements?

$$ strength and deformability;

$ the chemical composition;

$ deformability;

$ strength.

$$$ 93 Specify the class of hot rolled reinforcement periodic profile?

$$ А-II…А-VI;

$ А-I;

$ Вр-I;

$ Вр-II.

$$$ 94 Specify the class of cold-drawn wire reinforcement with periodic profile?

$$ Вр-I, Вр-II;

$ А-III, А-IV;

$ A-I, A-II;

$ В-II.

$$$ 95 Specify the class of reinforcement cold-drawn plain profile?

$$ В-II;

$ Ат-IV, Ат-V;

$ Вр-I, Вр-II

$ A-I, А-III.

$$$ 96 For what purpose on the surface of the reinforcement creates a different kind of profile (ridges, bumps, etc. )?

$$ to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement with the concrete;

$ to improve the strength properties;

$ saving;

$ to improve weldability.

$$$ 97 Purpose of the thickness of the protective layer.

$$ enable collaboration reinforcement with concrete and to protect reinforcement from corrosion, high temperatures, mechanical damage;

$ to protect the reinforcement from corrosion;

$ to protect the reinforcement from mechanical damage;

$ protect the reinforcements from sudden changes of temperature.

$$$ 98 Goal of creating a prestressed reinforced concrete?

$$ to improve the crack resistance and stiffness, to ensure the use of high-strength reinforcement;

$ increase the carrying capacity of the element;

$ to increase the toughness and reduce the shrinkage strain;

$ to increase the strength of concrete.

$$$ 99 What characterizes the end of the first stage of stress-strain state of bending?

$$ stress in concrete stretched zone reached the ultimate strength (R_bt), in the compressed zone s_b< R_b, linear diagram;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and stretched zones are changed according to the linear law (triangular diagram);

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone s_b< R_b, in the tensile zone cracks;

$ the stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b=R_b) in the tensile zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_bt=R_bt).

$$$ 100 The second stage is characterized by the stress-strain state of bending…

$ stress in concrete is compressed and stretched zones is less than the limit, diagram the stresses in the tensile zone of curvilinear;

$ stress in concrete is compressed and stretched zones is less than the limit, a linear diagram;

$$$ 101 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state are used to calculate the strength?

$$ third;

$ second;

$ first;

$ I-a.

$$$ 102 What characterizes the third stage of the stress-strain state of bending?

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is linear, the tension in the stretched zone reinforcement is less than yield stress;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit ((s_b< R_b), the diagram is curved, the tension in the stretched zone reinforcement equals the yield stress.

$$$ 103 Main methods of creating pre-stress in the reinforcement?

$$ mechanical, electrothermomechanical, electrothermal;

$ electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermomechanical, mechanical;

$ mechanical, electrothermal.

$$$ 104 How to create pre-stressed concrete?

$$ tension reinforcement in abutments and concrete;

$ tension reinforcement to the concrete previously fabricated structures;

$ tension reinforcement at abutments with the subsequent concreting;

$ tension reinforcement with the help of winding machines.

$$$ 105 How changes the stress state of the reinforcement in the precast structures over time?

$$ reduces;

$ does not change;

$ increases;

$ change depends on initial stress values.

$$$ 106 What stress loss in the reinforcement occur before and during concrete prestressing under tension to the concrete?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 107 What stress loss in the reinforcement occurs after prestressing of the concrete during pretensioning?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 108 What stress loss in the reinforcement occurs before and after prestressing of the concrete during pretensioning?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 109 What the stress loss in the reinforcement occur after the compression of the concrete in tension to the concrete?

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 110 Purpose of the calculation of the ultimate limit state of the first group?

$$ to prevent any (brittle, ductile, fatigue) fracture, buckling shape and position;

$ to prevent the development of deformities and displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape or position;

$ to prevent brittle fracture.

$$$ 111 Purpose of the calculation of the ultimate limit state of the second group?

$$ to prevent excessive opening of cracks, excessive movement;

$ to prevent structural failure from any external influence;

$ to prevent the development of excessive displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape and position.

$$$ 112 Classification of loads?

$$ dead and live;

$ dead and long-term;

$ long-term and short-term;

$ dead, live and special.

$$$ 113 Classification of live loads?

$$ long, short and special;

$ dead and long-term;

$ dead, live and special;

$ long-term and short-term.

$$$ 114 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state is used to calculate the cracking?

$$ first;

$ second;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 115 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state is used to calculate the crack width and deformation?

$$ second;

$ first;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 116 What is the purpose of introducing the partial safety factor for load?

$$ to account for variability of loads;

$ to account for the nature of the impact loads on the structure;

$ to account for the magnitude of loads;

$ to identify the loads class.

$$$ 117 What are the possible changes of the safety factor on the load g_f?

$$ can be greater than 1, can be less than 0;

$ less than 1;

$ equals 1;

$ greater than 1.

$$$ 118 Design loads?

$$ establish multiplying the normative load by the safety factor q = q_n g _f;

$ set at their nominal values;

$ set norms with a given probability of exceedance;

$ establish dividing of the normative load by the safety factor ;

$$$ 119 How are classified live loads?

$$ long-term, short-term and special;

$ short-term and special;

$ long-term and special;

$ short-term and long-term.

$$$ 120 What loads are in the main combinations?

$$ dead, long-term and short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ dead and long-term;

$ dead.

$$$ 121 Which loads are included in the special combinations?

$$ dead, long-term and possible short-term and one of the specials;

$ long-term and possible short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ short-term and special.

$$$ 122 According to what limit state group calculation the design resistance is equal to normative?

$$ the second group of limit states;

$ the first group of limit states;

$ in the calculation of strength;

$ when calculating the deformations.

$$$ 123 To which is introduced a boundary height of the compressed zone in bending?

$$ to clarify on what condition works the section (on the case I or case II of the third stage);

$ to ensure the strength of the element in the compressed zone;

$ to ensure the strength of the element in the tensile zone;

$ to ensure the strength of the element on both zones.

$$$ 124 Purpose of transverse reinforcement in bending elements?

$$ for the perception of the principal tensile stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of main compressive stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of tangential stresses;

$ for the perception of tensile stresses normal to the sections.

$$$ 125 Purpose of the longitudinal reinforcement in bending elements?

$$ for perception mainly tensile stresses and, in some cases, compressive in the normal section;

$ for the perception of compressive stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of the principal tensile stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of shear stresses.

$$$ 126 In some cases, resort to the installation of double reinforcements?

$$ low strength of concrete in compressed zone;

$ insufficient strength of concrete in tension zone;

$ low strength of tension reinforcement;

$ insufficient area of tension reinforcement.

$$$ 127 Which strength conditions at bending for rectangular section is correct ?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 128 What are the constructive requirements, ensuring the strength of the inclined sections on bending moment?

$$ longitudinal tension reinforcement should be brought to the supports, and ensures its reliable anchoring;

$ part of the longitudinal tensile reinforcement should be brought to the supports, and ensures its reliable anchoring;

$ longitudinal tension reinforcement should be brought to the supports;

$ part of the longitudinal reinforcement should be brought to the supports, additional transverse reinforcement is placed.

$$$ 129 Under what conditions is provided the strength of the inclined sections to the action of bending moment?

$$$ 130 Under what conditions is provided the strength of the inclined sections to the action of shear force?

$$$ 131 Reasons that cause the formation of inclined cracks?

$$ main tensile stresses;

$ stresses perpendicular to the rod axis (y);

$ stresses in the direction of axes x and y;

$ stresses along the axis of the rod (x).

$$$ 132 Specify the correct dependency in determining the reinforcement ratio of bending elements.

$$$ 133 What kind of structures are assigned grade of concrete on frost resistance?

$$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of alternate freezing and thawing;

$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ for all;

$ requirements of thermal insulation.

$$$ 134 What kind of structures are assigned grade of concrete on water resistance?

$$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of the transverse freezing and thawing;

$ requirements insulation;

$ for self-stressed frames

$$$ 135 What kind of structures in the project is specified the class of concrete on strength under axial compression?

$$ for all;

$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of alternate freezing and thawing;

$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ requirements of thermal insulation.

$$$ 136 In which cases are assigned the class of concrete strength on axial tension?

$$ when this feature will be essential and controlled at the production;

$ for all;

$ requirements insulation;

$ requirements limitations permeability.

$$$ 137 Design resistance of the transverse reinforcement (stirrups, bent bars) is reduced compared to R_s regardless of the type and class of reinforcement on the coefficient of working conditions, equals to:

$$ 0. 8

$ 0. 9

$ 0. 85

$ 0. 95

$$$ 138 When in the bent element arise inclined cracks near the supports?

$$$ 139 For the strength of the concrete element along an inclined compressed strip between the inclined cracks must be performed the condition

$$$ 140 Calculation of strength of reinforced concrete elements for inclined crack at the action of the transverse forces produced by the formula

$$$ 141 Most rational shape of cross sections of bent prestressed elements is

$$ square

$ rectangular

$ I-shaped

$ trapezoid

$$$ 142 Definition of concrete?

$$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and steel reinforcement, rationally located in the structures for the perception of tensile and, in some cases, and compression forces;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement, located arbitrarily in the cross section of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement that is located only in compressed zones of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement placed in the centre of gravity of the cross section of the element.

$$$ 143 How the joint work of concrete and reinforcement is provided?

$$ similar to those of the coefficients of linear expansion, of the grip between reinforcement and concrete, protecting the reinforcement against corrosion and other external influences;

$ shrinkage and creep of concrete, the adhesion of concrete with reinforcement, protection of reinforcement against mechanical impacts;

$ use of reinforcement periodic profile, the compression of the reinforcement due to shrinkage, the same coefficients of linear expansion;

$ protection of the reinforcement from external influences (corrosion, high temperature, mechanical), high strength concrete in compression, low strength of concrete in tension.

$$$ 144 Class of concrete on strength?

$$ temporary compressive strength of concrete cubes with size 150 mm, tested after 28 days of storage at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ^°С including the statistical variability;

$ temporary resistance to axial compression of concrete prisms at the age of 28 days;

$ average value of tensile concrete compression test cubes standard;

$ temporary resistance to axial tension specimens at age of 28 days, taking into account statistical variability.

$$$ 145 Classification of reinforcements?

$$ strength and deformability;

$ chemical composition;

$ deformability;

$ strength.

$$$ 146 Specify the class of a plain reinforcement?

$$ A-I;

$ A-II;

$ A-III;

$ A-IV.

$$$ 147 Describe the end of the first stage of stress-strain state at bending?

$$ stress in concrete of tension zone reached the ultimate strength (R_bt), in the compressed zone s_b< R_b, linear diagram;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and stretched zones are changed according to the linear law (triangular diagram);

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone s_b< R_b, in the tensile zone cracks;

$ the stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b= R_b) in the tensile zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_bt= R_bt).

$$$ 148 What for the different profiles on the surface of the reinforcement (ribs, bumps, etc. ) are created?

$$ to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement with the concrete;

$ to improve the strength properties;

$ to improve the deformation properties;

$ to improve weldability.

$$$ 149 Describe the third stage of the stress-strain state at bending?

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is linear, the stress in the stretched zone reinforcement is less than yield stress;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is curved, the stress in the reinforcement of tension zone equals the yield stress.

$$$ 150 Describe the second stage of the stress-strain state of bending?

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and tensile zones is less than the limit, diagram the stresses in the tensile zone of curvilinear;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and tensile zones is less than the limit, a linear diagram;

$$$ 151 Indicate a stage of stress-strain state, which is used in the calculation of strength?

$$ third;

$ second;

$ first;

$ I-a.

$$$ 152 Specify methods of tension reinforcement to the concrete?

$$ mechanical;

$ electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermomechanical, mechanical;

$ automatic, electrothermomechanical, electrothermal.

$$$ 153 Specify methods of pretensioning of the reinforcements?

$$ mechanical, electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermal;

$ electrothermomechanical;

$ electric.

$$$ 154. Specify the stage of the stress-strain state, which is used to calculate the cracking?

$$ first;

$ second;

$ third;

$ I-a;

$$$ 155 Indicate stage of stress-strain state is used to calculate the crack width and deformation?

$$ second;

$ first;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 156 What is the purpose of the calculating ultimate limit state of the first group?

$$ to prevent any (brittle, ductile, fatigue) fracture, buckling shape and position;

$ to prevent the development of deformities and displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape or position;

$ to prevent brittle fracture.

$$$ 157 What is the purpose of calculating ultimate limit state of the second group?

$$ to prevent excessive opening of cracks, excessive movement;

$ to prevent structural failure from any external influence;

$ to prevent the development of excessive displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape and position.

$$$ 158 How loads are classified?

$$ dead and live;

$ dead and long-term;

$ long-term and short-term;

$ dead, live and special.

$$$ 159 Specify the reasons that cause the formation of inclined cracks?

$$ main tensile stresses;

$ stresses perpendicular to the rod axis (y);

$ stresses in the direction of axes x and y;

$ stresses along the axis of the rod (x).

$$$ 160 Specify the load included in special combinations?

$$ dead, long-term, short-term and one of the specials;

$ long-term and possible short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ short-term and special.

$$$ 161 Principle of reinforced concrete?

$$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and steel reinforcement, rationally located in the structures for the perception of tensile and, in some cases, and compression forces;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement, located arbitrarily in the cross section of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement that is located only in compressed zones of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement placed in the centre of gravity of the cross section of the element.

$$$ 162 Factors ensuring the joint operation of concrete and reinforcement?

$$ similar to those of the coefficients of linear expansion, of grip between concrete and reinforcement, protecting the reinforcement against corrosion and other external influences;

$ shrinkage and creep of concrete, the adhesion of concrete with reinforcement, protection of reinforcement against mechanical impact;

$ use of reinforcement periodic profile, the compression of the reinforcement due to shrinkage, the same coefficients of linear expansion;

$ protection of the reinforcement from external influences (corrosion, high temperature, mechanical), high strength concrete in compression, low strength of concrete in tension.

$$$ 163 How depends the strength of concrete from time to time?

$$ under favorable conditions the strength of concrete increases;

$ increases whatever the conditions;

$ the strength of concrete is reduced;

$ the strength of concrete does not change over time.

$$$ 164 Effect on concrete strength of stress?

$$ strength of concrete in compression is greater than in tension;

$ the strength of concrete in tension more than in compression;

$ the strength of concrete is the same in compression and in tension;

$ the strength of concrete are the same for dense concrete.

$$$ 165 What is called the class of concrete strength?

$$ temporary compressive strength of concrete cubes with size 150 mm rib, tested after 28 days of storage at a temperature of температуре 20 ± 2⁰С With the statistical variability;

$ temporary resistance to axial compression of concrete prisms at the age of 28 days;

$ average value of tensile concrete compression test cubes standard;

$ temporary resistance to axial tension specimens at age of 28 days, taking into account statistical variability.

$$$ 166 What is shrinkage of concrete?

$$ the decrease in the volume of concrete hardening in air;

$ the decrease in hardening in water;

$ the decrease at high temperatures;

$ the increase of volume during solidification in the water.

$$$ 167 What is called creep of concrete?

$$ the increase in inelastic strain with time at constant stress;

$ the decrease in deformation of the loaded specimen over time;

$ the increase in the elastic deformation under the influence of long-acting load;

$ increase in deformation under load over time.

$$$ 168 Yield strength of steel?

$$ stress at which strain increases without load change;

$ stress up to which the material acts elastically;

$ stress at which permanent deformation amount to 0. 02%;

$ stress at which there is a gap element.

$$$ 169 What distinguishes prism strength from cube?

$$ less;

$ equal;

$ more;

$ are equal if the height of the prism is 2 times the height of the cube.

$$$ 170 What is the difference between strength of concrete tensile strength of concrete in compression?

$$ less;

$ more;

$ equal;

$ less only for lightweight concrete.

$$$ 171 What class is a plain reinforcement?

$$ A-I;

$ A-II;

$ A-III;

$ A-IV.

$$$ 172 What are the signs classified reinforcements?

$$ strength and deformability;

$ the chemical composition;

$ deformability;

$ strength.

$$$ 173 Specify the class of hot rolled reinforcement periodic profile?

$$ А-II…А-VI;

$ А-I;

$ Вр-I;

$ Вр-II.

$$$ 174 Specify the class of cold-drawn wire reinforcement with periodic profile?

$$ Вр-I, Вр-II;

$ А-III, А-IV;

$ A-I, A-II;

$ В-II.

$$$ 175 Specify the class of reinforcement cold-drawn plain profile?

$$ В-II;

$ Ат-IV, Ат-V;

$ Вр-I, Вр-II

$ A-I, А-III.

$$$ 176 For what purpose on the surface of the reinforcement creates a different kind of profile (ridges, bumps, etc. )?

$$ to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement with the concrete;

$ to improve the strength properties;

$ saving;

$ to improve weldability.

$$$ 177 Purpose of the thickness of the protective layer.

$$ enable collaboration reinforcement with concrete and to protect reinforcement from corrosion, high temperatures, mechanical damage;

$ to protect the reinforcement from corrosion;

$ to protect the reinforcement from mechanical damage;

$ protect the reinforcements from sudden changes of temperature.

$$$ 178 Goal of creating a prestressed reinforced concrete?

$$ to improve the crack resistance and stiffness, to ensure the use of high-strength reinforcement;

$ increase the carrying capacity of the element;

$ to increase the toughness and reduce the shrinkage strain;

$ to increase the strength of concrete.

$$$ 179 What characterizes the end of the first stage of stress-strain state of bending?

$$ stress in concrete stretched zone reached the ultimate strength (R_bt), in the compressed zone s_b< R_b, linear diagram;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and stretched zones are changed according to the linear law (triangular diagram);

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone s_b< R_b, in the tensile zone cracks;

$ the stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b=R_b) in the tensile zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_bt=R_bt).

$$$ 180 The second stage is characterized by the stress-strain state of bending…

$ stress in concrete is compressed and stretched zones is less than the limit, diagram the stresses in the tensile zone of curvilinear;

$ stress in concrete is compressed and stretched zones is less than the limit, a linear diagram;

$$$ 181 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state are used to calculate the strength?

$$ third;

$ second;

$ first;

$ I-a.

$$$ 182 What characterizes the third stage of the stress-strain state of bending?

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is linear, the tension in the stretched zone reinforcement is less than yield stress;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit;

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone is less than the limit ((s_b< R_b), the diagram is curved, the tension in the stretched zone reinforcement equals the yield stress.

$$$ 183 Main methods of creating pre-stress in the reinforcement?

$$ mechanical, electrothermomechanical, electrothermal;

$ electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermomechanical, mechanical;

$ mechanical, electrothermal.

$$$ 184 How to create pre-stressed concrete?

$$ tension reinforcement in abutments and concrete;

$ tension reinforcement to the concrete previously fabricated structures;

$ tension reinforcement at abutments with the subsequent concreting;

$ tension reinforcement with the help of winding machines.

$$$ 185 How changes the stress state of the reinforcement in the precast structures over time?

$$ reduces;

$ does not change;

$ increases;

$ change depends on initial stress values.

$$$ 186 What stress loss in the reinforcement occur before and during concrete prestressing under tension to the concrete?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 187 What stress loss in the reinforcement occurs after prestressing of the concrete during pretensioning?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 188 What stress loss in the reinforcement occurs before and after prestressing of the concrete during pretensioning?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 189 What the stress loss in the reinforcement occur after the compression of the concrete in tension to the concrete?

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 190 Purpose of the calculation of the ultimate limit state of the first group?

$$ to prevent any (brittle, ductile, fatigue) fracture, buckling shape and position;

$ to prevent the development of deformities and displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape or position;

$ to prevent brittle fracture.

$$$ 191 Purpose of the calculation of the ultimate limit state of the second group?

$$ to prevent excessive opening of cracks, excessive movement;

$ to prevent structural failure from any external influence;

$ to prevent the development of excessive displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape and position.

$$$ 192 Classification of loads?

$$ dead and live;

$ dead and long-term;

$ long-term and short-term;

$ dead, live and special.

$$$ 193 Classification of live loads?

$$ long, short and special;

$ dead and long-term;

$ dead, live and special;

$ long-term and short-term.

$$$ 194 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state is used to calculate the cracking?

$$ first;

$ second;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 195 Which of the three stages of stress-strain state is used to calculate the crack width and deformation?

$$ second;

$ first;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 196 What is the purpose of introducing the partial safety factor for load?

$$ to account for variability of loads;

$ to account for the nature of the impact loads on the structure;

$ to account for the magnitude of loads;

$ to identify the loads class.

$$$ 197 What are the possible changes of the safety factor on the load g_f?

$$ can be greater than 1, can be less than 0;

$ less than 1;

$ equals 1;

$ greater than 1.

$$$ 198 Design loads?

$$ establish multiplying the normative load by the safety factor q = q_n g _f;

$ set at their nominal values;

$ set norms with a given probability of exceedance;

$ establish dividing of the normative load by the safety factor ;

$$$ 199 How are classified live loads?

$$ long-term, short-term and special;

$ short-term and special;

$ long-term and special;

$ short-term and long-term.

$$$ 200 What loads are in the main combinations?

$$ dead, long-term and short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ dead and long-term;

$ dead.

$$$ 201 Which loads are included in the special combinations?

$$ dead, long-term and possible short-term and one of the specials;

$ long-term and possible short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ short-term and special.

$$$ 202 According to what limit state group calculation the design resistance is equal to normative?

$$ the second group of limit states;

$ the first group of limit states;

$ in the calculation of strength;

$ when calculating the deformations.

$$$ 203 To which is introduced a boundary height of the compressed zone in bending?

$$ to clarify on what condition works the section (on the case I or case II of the third stage);

$ to ensure the strength of the element in the compressed zone;

$ to ensure the strength of the element in the tensile zone;

$ to ensure the strength of the element on both zones.

$$$ 204 Purpose of transverse reinforcement in bending elements?

$$ for the perception of the principal tensile stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of main compressive stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of tangential stresses;

$ for the perception of tensile stresses normal to the sections.

$$$ 205 Purpose of the longitudinal reinforcement in bending elements?

$$ for perception mainly tensile stresses and, in some cases, compressive in the normal section;

$ for the perception of compressive stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of the principal tensile stresses in the inclined section;

$ for the perception of shear stresses.

$$$ 206 In some cases, resort to the installation of double reinforcements?

$$ low strength of concrete in compressed zone;

$ insufficient strength of concrete in tension zone;

$ low strength of tension reinforcement;

$ insufficient area of tension reinforcement.

$$$ 207 Which strength conditions at bending for rectangular section is correct ?

$$ ;

$ ;

$ .

$$$ 208 What are the constructive requirements, ensuring the strength of the inclined sections on bending moment?

$$ longitudinal tension reinforcement should be brought to the supports, and ensures its reliable anchoring;

$ part of the longitudinal tensile reinforcement should be brought to the supports, and ensures its reliable anchoring;

$ longitudinal tension reinforcement should be brought to the supports;

$ part of the longitudinal reinforcement should be brought to the supports, additional transverse reinforcement is placed.

$$$ 209 Under what conditions is provided the strength of the inclined sections to the action of bending moment?

$$$ 210 Under what conditions is provided the strength of the inclined sections to the action of shear force?

$$$ 211 Reasons that cause the formation of inclined cracks?

$$ main tensile stresses;

$ stresses perpendicular to the rod axis (y);

$ stresses in the direction of axes x and y;

$ stresses along the axis of the rod (x).

$$$ 212 Specify the correct dependency in determining the reinforcement ratio of bending elements.

$$$ 213 What kind of structures are assigned grade of concrete on frost resistance?

$$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of alternate freezing and thawing;

$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ for all;

$ requirements of thermal insulation.

$$$ 214 What kind of structures are assigned grade of concrete on water resistance?

$$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of the transverse freezing and thawing;

$ requirements insulation;

$ for self-stressed frames

$$$ 215 What kind of structures in the project is specified the class of concrete on strength under axial compression?

$$ for all;

$ exposed in a moist condition to the action of alternate freezing and thawing;

$ requirements that limit permeability;

$ requirements of thermal insulation.

$$$ 216 In which cases are assigned the class of concrete strength on axial tension?

$$ when this feature will be essential and controlled at the production;

$ for all;

$ requirements insulation;

$ requirements limitations permeability.

$$$ 217 Design resistance of the transverse reinforcement (stirrups, bent bars) is reduced compared to R_s regardless of the type and class of reinforcement on the coefficient of working conditions, equals to:

$$ 0. 8

$ 0. 9

$ 0. 85

$ 0. 95

$$$ 218 When in the bent element arise inclined cracks near the supports?

$$$ 219 For the strength of the concrete element along an inclined compressed strip between the inclined cracks must be performed the condition

$$$ 220 Calculation of strength of reinforced concrete elements for inclined crack at the action of the transverse forces produced by the formula

$$$ 221 Most rational shape of cross sections of bent prestressed elements is

$$ square

$ rectangular

$ I-shaped

$ trapezoid

$$$ 222 Definition of concrete?

$$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and steel reinforcement, rationally located in the structures for the perception of tensile and, in some cases, and compression forces;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement, located arbitrarily in the cross section of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement that is located only in compressed zones of the element;

$ reinforced concrete consists of concrete and reinforcement placed in the centre of gravity of the cross section of the element.

$$$ 223 How the joint work of concrete and reinforcement is provided?

$$ similar to those of the coefficients of linear expansion, of the grip between reinforcement and concrete, protecting the reinforcement against corrosion and other external influences;

$ shrinkage and creep of concrete, the adhesion of concrete with reinforcement, protection of reinforcement against mechanical impacts;

$ use of reinforcement periodic profile, the compression of the reinforcement due to shrinkage, the same coefficients of linear expansion;

$ protection of the reinforcement from external influences (corrosion, high temperature, mechanical), high strength concrete in compression, low strength of concrete in tension.

$$$ 224 Class of concrete on strength?

$$ temporary compressive strength of concrete cubes with size 150 mm, tested after 28 days of storage at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ^°С including the statistical variability;

$ temporary resistance to axial compression of concrete prisms at the age of 28 days;

$ average value of tensile concrete compression test cubes standard;

$ temporary resistance to axial tension specimens at age of 28 days, taking into account statistical variability.

$$$ 225 Classification of reinforcements?

$$ strength and deformability;

$ chemical composition;

$ deformability;

$ strength.

$$$ 226 Specify the class of a plain reinforcement?

$$ A-I;

$ A-II;

$ A-III;

$ A-IV.

$$$ 227 Describe the end of the first stage of stress-strain state at bending?

$$ stress in concrete of tension zone reached the ultimate strength (R_bt), in the compressed zone s_b< R_b, linear diagram;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and stretched zones are changed according to the linear law (triangular diagram);

$ stresses in the concrete compressed zone s_b< R_b, in the tensile zone cracks;

$ the stress in the concrete compressed zone equal to the marginal (s_b= R_b) in the tensile zone is equal to the tensile strength (s_bt= R_bt).

$$$ 228 What for the different profiles on the surface of the reinforcement (ribs, bumps, etc. ) are created?

$$ to improve the adhesion of the reinforcement with the concrete;

$ to improve the strength properties;

$ to improve the deformation properties;

$ to improve weldability.

$$$ 229 Describe the third stage of the stress-strain state at bending?

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is linear, the stress in the stretched zone reinforcement is less than yield stress;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit;

$ stresses in the concrete of compressed zone is less than the limit (s_b< R_b), the diagram is curved, the stress in the reinforcement of tension zone equals the yield stress.

$$$ 230 Describe the second stage of the stress-strain state of bending?

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and tensile zones is less than the limit, diagram the stresses in the tensile zone of curvilinear;

$ stress in the concrete is compressed and tensile zones is less than the limit, a linear diagram;

$$$ 231 Indicate a stage of stress-strain state, which is used in the calculation of strength?

$$ third;

$ second;

$ first;

$ I-a.

$$$ 232 Specify methods of tension reinforcement to the concrete?

$$ mechanical;

$ electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermomechanical, mechanical;

$ automatic, electrothermomechanical, electrothermal.

$$$ 233 Specify methods of pretensioning of the reinforcements?

$$ mechanical, electrothermal, electrothermomechanical;

$ electrothermal;

$ electrothermomechanical;

$ electric.

$$$ 234. Specify the stage of the stress-strain state, which is used to calculate the cracking?

$$ first;

$ second;

$ third;

$ I-a;

$$$ 235 Indicate stage of stress-strain state is used to calculate the crack width and deformation?

$$ second;

$ first;

$ third;

$ I-a.

$$$ 236 What is the purpose of the calculating ultimate limit state of the first group?

$$ to prevent any (brittle, ductile, fatigue) fracture, buckling shape and position;

$ to prevent the development of deformities and displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape or position;

$ to prevent brittle fracture.

$$$ 237 What is the purpose of calculating ultimate limit state of the second group?

$$ to prevent excessive opening of cracks, excessive movement;

$ to prevent structural failure from any external influence;

$ to prevent the development of excessive displacements;

$ to prevent the loss of stability of shape and position.

$$$ 238 How loads are classified?

$$ dead and live;

$ dead and long-term;

$ long-term and short-term;

$ dead, live and special.

$$$ 239 Specify the reasons that cause the formation of inclined cracks?

$$ main tensile stresses;

$ stresses perpendicular to the rod axis (y);

$ stresses in the direction of axes x and y;

$ stresses along the axis of the rod (x).

$$$ 240 Specify the load included in special combinations?

$$ dead, long-term, short-term and one of the specials;

$ long-term and possible short-term;

$ dead and short-term;

$ short-term and special.