TRADE. TARGET VOCABULARY

Developed by S. B. Zhanabayeva

TRADE

TARGET VOCABULARY


Accede to (v)	agree to a demand, request, or join a join a treaty	~ to the request/demand/pact; accession (n); accessible (adj): wheelchair ~; syn. agree to, consent to, accept, assent to
Agent (n)	a person who acts on behalf of another, in particular	travel/estate/insurance/shipping/sales ~ syn. representative, intermediary, negotiator, broker, liaison Cf. proxy
Allocate (v)	distribute (resources or duties) for a particular purpose	~ money/funds, budget ~s; allocator (n); allocable (adj) syn. allot, assign, apportion, share out
Augment (v)	make (something) greater by adding to it; increase	~ sixfold; ~ budget/pay/number; augmenter (n); augmenting (adj); syn. increase, add to, supplement, build up, enlarge, expand, extend, raise
Bargain (v, n)	negotiate a sale; a thing bought; a sale agreed; a thing bought cheaper than it usually is	bargainer (n), bargaining (n); to make a ~; to ~ on a price syn. negotiate, discuss terms, deal, hold talks
Barter (n)	the action or system of exchanging goods or services without using money	~ system; barter (v) syn. trade, swap, exchange, sell
Bid (n)	an offer of a price, especially at an auction	syn. offer, tender, proposal
Bill of lading (n)	document confirming the shipment of the goods by the sender/ consignor serving as a receipt of for the acceptance of the cargo, a list of transportation agreement conditions, a document of title to the goods	syn. invoice, waybill, consignment, delivery note
Cargo (n)	goods carried on a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle	~ ship/plane/vessel, bulk/general/air ~ syn. freight, load, consignment, delivery, shipment
Commodity (n)	a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold	~ market/price/money/exchange/economy/ production/stocks/tax syn. item, material, product, article
Compete (v)	strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others	~ for/with/against; competition (n): excessive ~, ~ for/between/against; competitor (n); competitive (adj); competitiveness; syn. rivalry, contest
Consignment (n)	a batch of goods destined for or delivered to someone	~note/stock, on ~; consigning (n); consign (v): ~ for shipment, ~ to; syn. delivery, shipment, load, cargo, goods
Consume (v)	eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink)	consumer (n): ~ advocate/economy/ confidence/goods/durables syn. eat, swallow, drink; purchaser, buyer, customer, shopper, client
Credit (n)	a sum of money made available by a bank on which a specified person or firm may draw	letter of ~, ~ card; credit (v), creditor (n), creditable (adj) ant. debit Cf. credit card
Customs (n)	official department responsible for collecting taxes on imported goods and making sure that illegal goods are not imported/exported; the place at a port airport, or frontier where officials check incoming goods, travelers, or luggage	clear/go/get through ~, ~ duties/officials/check; customable (adj)
Deal (n, v)	(n): a business transaction; a bargain or agreement (v): to do business, trade with or in	~ with/in; make/reach a ~; dealer (n) syn. agreement, bargain, contract, handle, manage, attend to
Deliver (v)	bring and hand over (a letter, parcel, or goods) to the proper recipient or address	~ on time, delivery (n): ~ address/charge/room/person/note syn. transfer, supply, cater
Dispatch (v)	send off to a destination or for a purpose	~ of cargo; dispatch (v); dispatched (adj) syn. consign, post, mail, ship, freight ant. receive, get
Discount (n)	a reduction from a usual or list price	offer/gain a ~, sell at a ~; sales ~; discounted(adj); discount (v); syn. reduction, price cut, concession, rebate ant. surcharge
Dumping (n)	sending (goods unsalable in the home market) to a foreign market for sale at a low price; selling sth below the prime cost to penetrate a market	unti/sporadic ~; dump (v): ~ into/to
Edge (n)	the outside limit of an object, area, or surface; a quality or factor which gives superiority over close rivals	competitive/leading ~, on/over the ~, to have the ~ over sb/sth; edge (v); syn. advantage, excellence, privilege
Export (v)	send goods to another country	export (n): import/~ duty, a ban on ~; exporter(n) syn. sell overseas/abroad, send overseas/abroad, ship overseas/abroad ant. import
Freight (n)	goods transported by truck, train, ship, or aircraft	freight (n) syn. goods, cargo, load, consignment, delivery, shipment, merchandise
Futures (n)	finance contracts for assets (especially commodities or shares) bought at agreed prices but delivered and paid for later	~ contract, buy/sell/deal in ~
High-end (adj)	denoting the most expensive of a range of products	~ production/products/computers syn. top-line, deluxe, best, top of the line, superior
Influx (n)	an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things	massive ~ of sth; syn. inundation, rush, flood
Invoice (n)	a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these	commercial/tax/sales/purchase/final ~, send an ~ to, amount/value/price; invoice (v) syn. bill, account, statement (of charges), e-bill
Landlocked	almost or entirely surrounded by land; having no coastline or seaport	a ~ country/region/population;
Liberalize (v)	remove or loosen restrictions on (something, typically an economic or political system)	~ economy/the system; liberalization (n): global/faster ~; liberalism(n): laissez-faire ~; liberalist(n); liberal (adj) ant. autocrat, dictator
Negotiate (v)	try to reach an agreement or compromise by discussion	~ sth with; negotiations (n); negotiator (n); syn. settle, arrange, work out, reach an agreement on, agree on, come to terms about
Option (n)	a thing that is or may be chosen	stock/call/put/default/share ~; option (v) syn. choice, alternative, recourse, course of action, power to choose, right to choose
Overdue (adj)	not having arrived, happened, or been done by the expected time	~ payment/debt syn. late, behind schedule, behind time, delayed
Quota (n)	a limited quantity of a particular product which under official controls can be produced, exported, or imported	to set/fix/abolish/exceed a ~; export/import ~; ~ system/of people/ sampling/ restrictions syn. allocation, share, limit, ration
Regulation (n)	a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority	removal of ~; financial/economic ~; (de)~ program syn. order, act, law, bylaw ant. deregulation
Restriction (n)	an official rule that limits or controls what people can do or what is allowed to happen	impose/lift ~s, speed/import ~, without ~; restrict (v); (un)restricted (adj); syn. reduction, limitation, diminution
Retail (n)	the sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale	in ~, the ~ trade/advertising; retail (v): ~ at/for; retailer (n); retailing (n); ant. wholesale
Revenue (n)	income, especially when of an organization and of a substantial nature; a state’s annual income from which public expenses are met	customs/government/tax ~, maximize ~ syn. income, receipts, earnings, profit, return, interest, gain
Salesman	a man whose job involves selling or promoting commercial products, either in a shop or visiting locations to get orders	an insurance ~; syn. seller, vendor, marketer, shop assistant ant. buyer, client, consumer
Shipment (n)	the action of shipping goods; quantity of goods shipped	time of/prior to ~; arrange/ban/prompt/drop ~; ship (v); shipping (n) syn. dispatch, forwarding, freight
Subsidy (n)	a sum of money granted by the state or a public body to help an industry or business keep the price of a commodity or service low	a farm ~, give/cut ~, abolition of ~; subsidize (v); subsidiary (n): ~ to syn. support, grant, contribution, donation, allowance, endowment
Supply (v)	make (something needed or wanted) available to someone; provide	~ by; supply (n) syn. give, contribute, provide, donate, grant, ant. demand
Tariff (n)	a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports	remove/import/lower/raise ~s; customs ~s; tariff (v) syn. toll, rate, price
Trade (n, v)	the action of buying and selling goods and services	~ balance/deficit/barrier, free/far ~; trade (v): to cease/continue trading syn. commerce, buying and selling, dealing, traffic, trafficking, business

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