Target Vocabulary. ETHICS

Target Vocabulary

ETHICS

(Compiled by T. R. Bekbulatov)

Item	Definition (synonyms/antonyms)	Derivatives/collocations
1. whistle-blower (n)	a person who informs on someone engaged in an illicit activity	whistle-~wing. Syn: informer
2. insider trading (n)	the illegal buying or selling of a company's shares by someone who has secret or private (sensitive) information about the company	engage in/be accused of ~; Syn: insider stock trading, insider dealing
3. absenteeism (n)	state of not being present	political ~ Syn: skipping Ant: attendance, presence Cf truancy
4. corruption (n)	dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery	to fight ~; to crack down on~; to curb~; to root / to stamp out~; to turn a blind eye to~; to weed out~; business~; corporate~. corrupted (adj); corruptionist (n); corruptor (n); corruptness (n) Cf embezzlement, bribery, extortion Ant: honesty, cleanliness, decency, purity
5. whitewash (n)	a deliberate attempt to conceal unpleasant or incriminating facts about a person or organization in order to protect their reputation	whitewasher (n); whitewashes (v); whitewashing (n); whitewashed (v). Syn. cover-up window dressing
6. a bribe (n)	a gift of money or other inducement to dishonestly persuade (someone) to act in one's favour by	Give/extort a ~; briber (n); bribery (n). Syn: graft, greasing
7. ethics (n)	moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conduct of an activity	Code/rules/standards of ~; professional ~; un/ethical (adj) Syn: morals Ant: immorality
8. nepotism (n)	the practice among those with power or influence of favouring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs	nepotist (n); nepotistic (adj). Syn: preference, favoritism, discrimination, cronyism Ant: fairness
9. money-laundering (n)	the process of making illegally-gained proceeds (i. e. " dirty money" ) appear legal (i. e. " clean" ).	~expert; money launderer (n)
10. fraud (n)	wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain	commit / perpetrate/ expose a~; voting/electoral~; wire~. fraudster (n); fraudulent (adj) Syn: cheat, swindle, deception
11. lawsuit (n)	a claim or dispute brought to a law court for adjudication	bring / file / institute a ~ against / over smb. / smth.; lose/ settle/ win a~; Syn: suit, accusation, claim, litigation, trial
12. disrupt (v)	interrupt (an event, activity, or process) by causing a disturbance or problem	~ a conference; to ~ life in the town; to ~ production; disruptive (adj); disruption (n); disrupter (n); disruptor (n); disrupting (adj); disrupted (adj) Syn: disturb, shatter, rattle
13. code (n)	a list of ethical rules for a particular industry or profession	~for internet service providers; ~of good practice/conduct/ethics; a dress ~.
14. justice (n)	fairness in the way people are dealt with	do ~ to sb/sth; (un)just (adj) Syn: fair, impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced Ant: partial, biased, prejudiced
15. slush fund (n)	a sum of money collected to pay for an illegal activity, especially in politics or business	Syn: yellow dog fund
16. industrial espionage (n)	spying directed towards discovering the secrets of a rival manufacturer or other industrial company	engage in/disclose ~; Syn: economic espionage, corporate espionage
17. sue (v)	institute legal proceedings against (a person or institution), typically for redress	to ~ for libel/breach of contract; ~smb for smth; ~smb for damages; ~ for divorce; ~ smb for libel. suable (adj); suer (n) Syn: accuse, charge
18. tax evasion (n)	the illegal non-payment or underpayment of tax	Syn: tax avoidance
19. disclosure (n)	1) the action of making new or secret information known 2) a fact, especially a secret, that is made known	to make a~; sensational/startling ~s; a financial ~. Syn: revelation, divulge Ant: concealment, denial, secret. Cf. leak transparency
20. Peer pressure (n)	influence from one’s equals	peer pressure/review
21. sweetener (n)	1) something that you give or offer someone in order to persuade them to accept an offer or business deal 2) an inducement, typically in the form of money or a concession	Syn: kicker
22. abuse (n)	unjust or corrupt practice	~of power; abuser (n); abusing (adj); abused (adj) Syn: misconduct
23. civil servant (n)	a governmental official	civil service (n) Syn: state employee, civilian, functionary, bureaucrat, jobholder, public servant
24. shadow economy (n)	the black economy, illegal economy	to root out the ~; to give rise to a ~ Cf. gray area
25. conflict (n)	a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one	~of interests; come into ~ with smb. / smth.; provoke/resolve/settle a~ Syn: dispute, collision, controversy
26. maladministration (n)	inefficient or dishonest administration; mismanagement	~of property; ~in the government Syn: mismanagement
27. comply (n)	act in accordance with a wish or command	complies (v); complying (v); complied (v) ~ with; to ~ with rules/regulations; to ~ with smb's wishes Syn: fulfil, accomplish
28. coercion (n)	the action or practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats	~ of law; custodial~; legal~; apparatus of~; bodies of~; extra-economic~; organs of~; political~; strict ~ of outrage; through military~; under~ Syn: compulsion, pressure
29. moral (n)	relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour , fairness, honesty, etc. that each person believes in, rather than to laws	to draw the moral~; person of loose ~s; to corrupt smb. 's ~; to protect / safeguard (public) ~s Syn: ethical, honest Ant: dishonest, immoral
30. morale (n)	the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation	to boost / lift / raise~; to destroy / undermine ~; high~; low~; national~ Syn: confidence, self-esteem spirit Ant: fear, weakness
31. morals (n)	principles of right or wrong behaviour that aregenerally accepted by a society	lax / loose ~; strict ~; public ~; person of loose~; to protect / safeguard (public) ~ Syn: ethics
32. integrity (n)	the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles	to display / show~; great~ Syn: honesty Ant: deceit, dishonesty
33. misconduct (n)	unacceptable or improper behaviour, especially by an employee or professional person	gross~; professional~; ~ in office; criminal ~; government~; judicial~; juvenile ~; noncriminal~; official~; parental~; police~ Syn: malfeasance, unethical behavior
34. corporate	a corporation's initiatives to assess and take responsibility for the company's effects on environmental and social wellbeing.	~ culture/social responsibility/citizenship
35. fabrication (n)	the action or process of manufacturing or inventing something in order to deceive sb	absurd ~s; barefaced~; hackneyed~; sheer ~; slanderous~s; total~; unsubstantiated ~; batch~; just-in-time~; one-pass~; fabricate (v): ~ (a/n) evidence/story/explanation Syn: falsification, rigging, forgery
36. law (n)	the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties	the rule of~; do sth under/in accordance with ~; according to the~; to go beyond the ~; to keep within the~; to lay down/ administer / adopt/ abide by/ apply / enforce /break /violate/annul / repeal / revoke/adopt / enact / pass/obey /observe a ~; law-abiding (adj); Syn: canon, code, commandment, constitution, ordinance, regulation, statute
37. misappropriation	the action of misappropriating something; embezzlement	~of funds; ~of property Syn: embezzlement
38. malfeasance	wrongdoing, especially (US) by a public official	Be aware of ~; official/public/corporate ~; malfeasant (adj): a ~ executive/officer/company