Summary 1-39

Summary 1-39

Hello!

A new shelf in our Grammar room: Present Perfect

I have broken a vase. (Я разбил вазу. Действие произошло в прошлом, но нам важен результат сейчас – ваза разбита, остались только осколки от вазы).

Name	Present Perfect
Rule	We use Present Perfect 1) when the past is connected with the present # I’ve lost my key (I don’t have it now) # Jim has gone to Canada (he isn’t here) # I have washed my hair (my hair is clean) 2) when we announce a happening or news # I’ve burnt myself! # I’ve given up smoking! 3) with already, yet, just # I’ve already done it. # Have you just arrived? # Have you finished yet? - I haven’t finished yet. 4) with have you (ever)? # Have you ever been to China? 5) with never (before) # I have never eaten cockroaches (before) 6) with Present markers Today, this year, this week, in my life # Today I have done so much!
Structure	have (has) + V₃/V(ed)
SF	NB1 when we give a lot of details we use Past Simple. # Today I met Tom, phoned Jim, lost my memory NB2 we use Past Simple when we have past markers: yesterday, 2 years ago, last week # I saw him yesterday. NB3 weusePast Simple with What time and When. # What time did you do it?
Markers	already, just, yet, never, ever + present markers
MJ	You have broken a vase. You haven't broken a vase. Have you broken a vase? Why have you broken a vase?

Теперь применяем все эти правила в new polite noise!!!

Polite Noise #7 At the market

Shopkeeper: Hello.

Customer: Hello. Your place is great! I’ve never been here before!

Shopkeeper: Thank you, ma'am / sir. What would you like to buy?

Customer: Well, I haven’t decided yet.

Shopkeeper: Oh, let me help you. Here we have some tomatoes. Have you ever tried them? They taste so good! I’ve sold 10 kilos today and I sold 15 kilos yesterday!

Customer: Thank you for your help, but I’ve already bought some. Can I have a kilo of apples?

Shopkeeper: It’s $1. 32

Customer: Here you are.

Shopkeeper: Oh, sorry ma'am / sir, but that’s not enough!

Customer: Really? There must be a mistake. I’ve just given you 2 dollars.

Shopkeeper: So sorry ma'am / sir, my fault /fɔ ː lt/. It’s because you’re the most beautiful client I’ve ever seen in my life.

Customer: Really? Thank you! Goodbye!

Shopkeeper: Bye!

shopkeeper	продавец	It tastes so good!	Это так вкусно!
customer	клиент	Can I have…?	Можно мне…
ma'am/mæ m/	мэм (вежливое обращение к женщине)	$1. 32	One (dollar) thirty-two (cents).
sir/sɜ ː /	сэр (вежливое обращение к мужчине)	Here you are.	Вот пожалуйста.
decide	решить что-то сделать	There must be a mistake	Должно быть, здесь ошибка.
tomato/tə ˈ mɑ ː tə ʊ / /tə ˈ meɪ toʊ /	помидор	It’s my fault. /fɔ ː lt/	Это моя вина.

Найдите в диалоге предложения в Present Perfect и определите, к какому правилу или NB они относятся.

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