Summary 1-39
Summary 1-39
Hello!
A new shelf in our Grammar room: Present Perfect
I have broken a vase. (Я разбил вазу. Действие произошло в прошлом, но нам важен результат сейчас – ваза разбита, остались только осколки от вазы).
Name
| Present Perfect
| Rule
| We use Present Perfect
1) when the past is connected with the present
# I’ve lost my key (I don’t have it now)
# Jim has gone to Canada (he isn’t here)
# I have washed my hair (my hair is clean)
2) when we announce a happening or news
# I’ve burnt myself! # I’ve given up smoking!
3) with already, yet, just
# I’ve already done it. # Have you just arrived?
# Have you finished yet? - I haven’t finished yet.
4) with have you (ever)?
# Have you ever been to China?
5) with never (before)
# I have never eaten cockroaches (before)
6) with Present markers
Today, this year, this week, in my life
# Today I have done so much!
| Structure
| have (has) + V3 /V(ed)
| SF
| NB1 when we give a lot of details we use Past Simple.
# Today I met Tom, phoned Jim, lost my memory
NB2 we use Past Simple when we have past markers: yesterday, 2 years ago, last week
# I saw him yesterday.
NB3 weusePast Simple with What time and When.
# What time did you do it?
| Markers
| already, just, yet, never, ever + present markers
| MJ
| You have broken a vase.
You haven't broken a vase.
Have you broken a vase?
Why have you broken a vase?
|
Теперь применяем все эти правила в new polite noise!!!
Polite Noise #7 At the market
Shopkeeper: Hello.
Customer: Hello. Your place is great! I’ve never been here before!
Shopkeeper: Thank you, ma'am / sir. What would you like to buy?
Customer: Well, I haven’t decided yet.
Shopkeeper: Oh, let me help you. Here we have some tomatoes. Have you ever tried them? They taste so good! I’ve sold 10 kilos today and I sold 15 kilos yesterday!
Customer: Thank you for your help, but I’ve already bought some. Can I have a kilo of apples?
Shopkeeper: It’s $1. 32
Customer: Here you are.
Shopkeeper: Oh, sorry ma'am / sir, but that’s not enough!
Customer: Really? There must be a mistake. I’ve just given you 2 dollars.
Shopkeeper: So sorry ma'am / sir, my fault /fɔ ː lt/. It’s because you’re the most beautiful client I’ve ever seen in my life.
Customer: Really? Thank you! Goodbye!
Shopkeeper: Bye!
shopkeeper
| продавец
| It tastes so good!
| Это так вкусно!
| customer
| клиент
| Can I have…?
| Можно мне…
| ma'am/mæ m/
| мэм (вежливое обращение к женщине)
| $1. 32
| One (dollar) thirty-two (cents).
| sir/sɜ ː /
| сэр (вежливое обращение к мужчине)
| Here you are.
| Вот пожалуйста.
| decide
| решить что-то сделать
| There must be a mistake
| Должно быть, здесь ошибка.
| tomato/tə ˈ mɑ ː tə ʊ / /tə ˈ meɪ toʊ /
| помидор
| It’s my fault. /fɔ ː lt/
| Это моя вина.
|
Найдите в диалоге предложения в Present Perfect и определите, к какому правилу или NB они относятся.
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