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Introduction To Vedanta - P. Nagaraja Rao 14 страницаof Vedic passages. Acara Practice of religion. Acarya One *who instructs, acts, and shows the way. Acintya-bhedabheda Incomprehensible, difference and non- difference. Adhibhautika Misery due to external influences such as other men, beasts etc. Adhikarana Ii is a topic in Vedanta sutras comprising one or a number of sutras. Adhidaivika Misery due to supernatural influences. Adhydsa bhdsya The introduction to Sankara’s commen- tary on Brahma Sutras. Adhyatma-V idya The science of the Self i. e. Vedanta. Adhydtmika; : Misery due to intrinsic influences bodily or mental. Adiyar Devotees (a Tamil word). Advaita Non-dual. Advaya-bhdva Non-dual consciousness. Agamas Theological treatises and manuals of worship. Aisvarya Lordship. Ajnana Ignorance. Akhanda Non-relational cognition. Aksara Immutable. Alaukika Extraordinary. Alvars Mystics of South India that inspired Ramanuja. Amsa; r Part. Anrtam ; False. Anandam ; Bliss in Mok$a. INTRODUCTION TO VEDANTA Anirvacanlya Antahkarana Antarydmi Brdhmana: Anvllcsikl Apariruami Aprakrta Aprthali-Siddhi Apurvata Arambha-Vada Aranyaka Arthavada Asat-Vada, Asrama Astika Atharva-Veda Avaccheda-Vada Avarana Avatars Avidya The doctrine that ‘world* is indeter- minable either as ‘real* or ‘unreal’ or a combination of them. Internal organ. The 7th Section of the 3rd Chapter of Brhadaranyaka which describes the Lord as the inneif controller of all. Science of Logic, Nyaya. Immutable. Not of the nature of Prakrti. The inseparable relation between God, souls and the universe according to Ramanuja. Novelty, one of the six determinative marks of purport. The theory that the effect is a new creation held by the Nyaya School. They deal about the meaning of the mystic teaching of the sacrificial reli- gion in the Vedas. One of the marks of interpretation for the Vedic passages. It is of two types (1) glorification of the topic by eulogistic praise and (2) condemnation of the opposite by deprecatory words. The doctrine that all things have Non- existence for their origin. Stages in the life of a Hindu e. g. Brama- carya, . Garhastya, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa. Orthodox systems which believe in the authority of the Vedas. The fourth Veda. The view that the soul is delimited Brahman. Power of veiling. Incarnations of the Lord. Ten of them are very important e. g. Rama, Krshna, etc. Nescience, which veils the Real and pro- jects some other thing in its place. Avyakta Bhava rupa Bhoktd Brdhmanas Cdrvdka Dama Darsana Dharmabhutajnana Guna Jignasa Jivan mukti Kalydna Kartd Khandana Kinkara Kutastha Ksara Lila Vada Manana Mantra Maya Mithyd Mrtyunjaya GLOSSARY ; Unmanifest stage. : Positive nature. ; Enjoyer. ; Parts of the Veda that give us the rules for the performance of Sacrifices. The Indiaii/Materialist. aint/^ Restraint A system of Philosophy bom ^ out of spiritual experience. Knowledge regarded as an attribute of the soul and of God in Ramanuja’s system. ; Quality, the Sankhyan system describes that all things are a complex of three Gunas i. e. Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. : Inquiry. : Liberation in an embodied state while one is alive. : Welfare. : Agent, one who acts. ; Refutation. : Servant of God. : Immutable. : That which perishes. ; The theory that the Universe is Lord’s play. : Reflection. : Hymns of the Vedas. : The principle which produces illusion. : Illusory. : Immortal. Systems that do not believe in the authority of the Vedas. Ndstika INTRODUCTION TO VEDANTA Nididhydsanam Nihsreyas Nirhetuka Kataksa Nirvana Nitya Nitya-Karmas Nitya-Vibhuti Niydmyd Niyantd The operation by which we fix our mind on the Self drawing it away from all worldly concerns. Moksha i. e. final liberation. The unconditional grace. The, Buddhist concept of liberation. Eternal. Compulsory duties f prescribed by the Vedi^s. The eteri-al glory of Narayana. The controlled. The Lord who commands. Paramdnus Parvrmma-Vdda Pasu Pati Phala Prakara Prakrti Pramanas Prapatti Prasada Prasthana-traya Pratibhasika Prati-bimba-Vada Purusdrthas Pusti-Marga : atoms. : The theory of transformation. : The soul in bondage is regarded in Saiva- Siddhanta as Pasu. ; Lord 6iva. ; The fruit of an action, one of the deter- minative marks of purport. : The outer part, mode. ; The Unmanifest universe. ; Instruments of knowledge; Six are re- cognised by Vedanta. : Self-surrender to the Lord that does not ask for the regulations which Bhakti imposes. : Grace of the Lord. : The triple texts of Vedanta i. e. Upanisads, Gita and Vedanta Sutras. : Illusory or of the nature of dreams. : Reflection theory. : The four ends desired by men — artha, dharma, kama and moksa. : Way of grace. Sddhana Sdksdtkara Saksin Sama Samddhdna Spiritual discipline. Immediate spiritual experience. Witness consciousness. Calmness. Concentration. GLOSSARY Samskdrya Samavaya Sdmipya Samvit & aranagati Sdrupya Sarva-mukti Saulabhya Sausilya Sdyujya $esa-Sesi Siddhdnta Smrti Sraddhd Sravana Sruti Suddha Caitanya shuddha-sattva Susupti Svadharma Svarupa Laksana Achieved throifeh effort. Intimate relation. Vicinity of God. Knowledge. To take refuge in the Lord. Realising the Jbrm of God. Liberation fo/ all. Lord’s qualify, accessible to all. His goodness. Absorpticm in God. _ The relation of the whole and the part. Established conclusion; Every system refers to itself as Siddhanta. Secondary scriptures based on 6ruti. Faith. Hearing a Vedantic text from a Guru (not independent self-study). Vedas. Pure Consciousness. The material of which Narayana’s abode is made according to Ramanuja. Sleep. The duty of one’s station in life. The definition of Brahman as Existence, Consciousness and Bliss. Tatastha Laksana Tdtparya lingas Tatt. vas Titiksa Qualification per accidence. ‘The attribute of a thing which remains only for some time in it and distinguishes it from the rest. The six determinative marks of purport. Categories. Forbearance. Ubhaya-V pddnta Upakrama Upapatti U parati Upasarhhara : The system of Ramanuja is called so because it uses both Tamil and Sanskrt texts for its authority. : The initial passage. ; Intelligibility. : Renunciation. ; The concluding passage. 200, INTRODUCTION TO VEDANTA ZJtpadya : That which arises. Vairdgya : Renunciation. Vibhava ; Glory. Vicdra : Inquiry. Vijnana : Knc pledge. Vikdrya : The transformed. f Viksepa : Power^ of Projecting. Vise sana : Attribuh. Vivarta-Vdda : The docfemc of Sankara i. e. The Theory of Phenomenal appearance. Viveka : Discernment. Vyatireka-Vydpti : Negative pervasion. Vydvaharika ; The relative standpoint. SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY CHAPTER I Bertrand Russell : Scientific Outlook Bertrand Russell : Science land Religion Aldous Huxley : Ends vnd Means Aldous Huxley : Scien/e, Liberty and Peace A. N. Whitehead : Science and the Modern World C. E. M. Joad : Gv/de to Modern Thought S. Radhakrishnan : Eastern Religions, and % Western ' Thought A Symposium of 12 Scholars: Julian Huxley J. A. Thomson J. B. S. Haldane Rev. E. W. Barnes B. Milinowski Rev. H. R. L. Sheppard Rev. B. H. Streeter Rev. C. W. O’Hara A. S. Eddington S. Alexander Rev. W. R. Inge h Science and Religion Dr. L. R. Jacks CHAPTER II Bradley : Appearance and Reality C. E. M. Joad : Guide to Philosophy Patrick : Introduction to Philosophy C. E. M. Joad : Return to Philosophy Bertrand Russel : Outlines of Philosophy Bertrand Russel : Problems of Philosophy S. C. Chatterjee : The Problems of Philosophy W. P. Montagu : The Ways of Knowing or The Methods of Philosophy CHAPTER III D. M. Datta : Modern Indian Philosophy, its needs and its social role (Visvabharati Quarterly 1954) INTRODUCTION TO VEDANTA D. M. Datta V, Raghavan P. T. Raju Rashvihar Das T. M. P-. Mahadevan S. Radhakrishnan H. H. Price S. Radhakrishnan S. Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore ; Eastern and Western Philosophy (Visvabharati Quarterly 1951) : Some leading ideas of Hindu thought (Vedanta K e s a r i, Feb. 1955) : A The Western and the Indian Philo - * sophical Traditions (The Philoso - x phical Revieuf, America, Vol. LVI ‘Vo. 2, 1947) : Inaan Philosophy (March of India) : Philosophy and Philosophers (The Aryan Path, Sept & Oct. 1949) : Indian Culture (lecture delivered at the opening sessions of the U. N. E. S. C. O. , Sorbonne) published in the book “Reflections on Our Age” Pages 115-133 : ({ The present relation between Eastern and Western Philosophy* (Hibbert Journal, Vol. LIII, April 1955) : “History of Philosophy, Eastern and Western [See the concluding chapter ] : A source book in Indian Philosophy CHAPTERS iy and V Louis Renou S. Radhakrishnan S. Radhakrishnan Saroj Kumar Das Deussen Deussen Rabindranath Tagore : Religions of Ancient India : Indian Philosophy (Volume II) : History of Philosophy, Eastern and Western, Vol. I. : A study of the Vedanta : System of Vedanta : Philosophy of the TJpanisads (trans- lated into English by A. S. Gordan) : Preface to Hindu Scriptures, Edited by Nicol Macnicol SELECT BffiLIOGRAPira Ranade R. D. Ranade G. Thibaut M. Hiriyanna M. N. Sircar R. Das V. S. Ghate Kokilesvar Sastri: Max Muller: T. M. P. Mahadevan: T. M. P. Mahadevan T. M. P. Mahadevan S. S. Suryanarayana Sastri: S. S. Suryanarayana Sastri: T. R. V. Murti: S. C. Chatterjec and: D. M. Datta D. M. Datta: Malkani: Hiriyanna T. M. P. Mahadevan: Malkani, T. R. V. Murli: and Das History ' of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 11, The Creative Period A Constructive Survey of TJpani - sadic Philosophy Introduction to The Vedanta Sutras with tht commentaries of Sankara and Fjamanuja (Sacred Books of East ^Series) Outliyes of Indian Philosophy, Chapter XIII ryZ System of VeddnUe Thought and Culture The Essentials of Advaitism The Vedanta (a comparative ac- count of Sankara, Ramanuja, Nimbdrka, Madhva and Vallabha) ( Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Poona) Introduction to Advaita Philosophy The Vedanta Philosophy Gaudapada: A Study in early Ad- vaita The Philosophy of Advaita The Upanisads (an anthology with English translation) Introduction to his Translation of Siddhanta lesa Sangraha Introduction to his Translation of Bhdmati, Catusutri The Central Philosophy of Buddhism An Introduction to Indian Philo- sophy, Chapter X Six Ways of Knowing Vedantic Epistemology The Essentials of Indian Philosophy, Chap. VII. Editor, The Great Scriptures (U. S. G. R. ) Ajnana (a Symposium) INTRODUCTION TO VEDA^NTA Swami Nikhilananda S. Radhakrishnan S. Radhakrishnan R. Krishnaswami Iyer Ganganath Jha P. T. Raju P. T. Raju D. S. Sarma D. S. Saima Sri Aurobindo Anil Baran Roy Annie Beasant and Bhagavan Das Mahadev Desai Franklin Edgerton H. V. Divatia : The Upanishads (English transla- tion based on Sankara's commen- tary) Till now 3 Volumes are published \: The Upanishads (Text, introduc- \ lion, notes and English transla - \ tion ) r : VThe Bhagavad Gita (Text, introduc- tion, translation and notes) : TfcY Science of Reality : Shankar a Vedanta ; Thought and Reality : Idealistic Thought of India : The Bhagavad Gita (Translation and introduction) : Lectures and Essays on the Gita : Essays on the Gita : The Gita with text, translation and notes compiled under each verse from Sri Aurobindo’s Essays on the Gita : The Bhagavad Gita (Text and translation) : The Gita according to Gandhi : The Bhagavad Gita ( in two Volumes, Harvard Oriental Series ) : The Art of Life in the Bhagavad Gita CHAPTER VI P. N. Srinivasachariar P. N. Srinivasachariar Thibaut K. C. Varadachariar The Philosophy of Visistddvaita Ramanuja's idea of the Finite Self Introduction to the translation of Ramanuja's commentary £ ri- bhasya (Sacred Books of the East Series) Ramanuja's Theory of Knowledge /SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 205 K. C. Varadachjjriar : Aspects Bhakti S. S. Raghavachar : Introduction to the Vedartha San- graha (fVoL I) Text and kranslation Vol. 2. Swami Adidevananda : Y aiindrafiata Dipika: text and translation CHAPTER VII B. N. Krishnamoorthy Sarma : Certain Philosophical ” Bases of Madhva’s Theistic Realism B. N. Krishnamoorthy Sarma : Introduction to his edition of Madhva's Sutra Bhdsya R. Nagaraja Sarma : Reign of Realism in Indian Philo- sophy C. M. Padmanabhachar : The Life and Teachings of Sri. Madhvacharya S. Subba Rao : Translation of Sutra Bhdsya and Bliatjarad Gita according to Madhva Madhva- Si ddhanta Sara : (a Sanskrit text which gives a clear-cut idea of the fundamental categories of Madhva s Philo- sophy) CHAPTER VIII S. N. Dasgupta : A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. IV. R. G. Bhandarkar : Vaisnavism, Saivism and other minor religious systems, P. 76-82 G. H. Bhatt : Articles in: (1) The Cultural Heri- tage of India, Vol. III. (2) History of Philosophy, Eastern and Western, Vol. I. (3) Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol IX. Pages 300-306. INTRODUCTION TO VEDANTA CHAPTER IX S. Radhakrishnan: Editor — History of Philosophy, Eastern and Western, Chapter on i Chaitanya; The Cultural Heritage of India Vol. III. (The Chapter on Cfiai- L tanya) T. M. P. Mahadevan: Outlines of Hinduism: Chap. VII - S c. II 'v CHAPTER X T. M. P. Mahadevan: The History and the Culture of India } The Chajder on Saiva-Sid- dhanta Violet Paranjoti: Saiva-Siddhanta S. S. Suryanarayana Sastri: The Cultural Heritage of India, Vol. I. The Chapter on Saiva- Siddhanta S. Radhakrishnan S. Radhakrishnan A. N. Whitehead S. Radhakrishnan S. Radhakrishnan S. Radhakrishnan CHAPTER XI : Recovery of Faith : The Philosophy of S. 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Ur i td —one of the biggest presses in Borrfcjv. 8 BHARATIYA V1DYA GROUP: 1 i f 1 » I }; Under the auspia-s of this group, lectures by eminent men *, ^ politics, economics, sociology etc., are rcgulaiiy held j *. v> _ Affiliated Institutions j i (1) The Gujarati Sahitya Parishad; (2) Shn Szhitya Sansad; | > The Bombay Astrological Society; (4) The Bharatiya Stri Seva Sari'h; ; * i, ! 1 ' * H i! I 5 THE AUTHOR Dr. P. Nagaraja Rao took his D. Litt degree from the Banaras Hindu University under the guidance of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan after secur- ing first class first in the M. A. degree in Philo- sophy of the Madras University. He taught Philosophy in Madras, Banaras and Ahmeda- bad and at present he is in the Kamatak College, Dharwar. Besides being the author of three books (1) Vadavali (text, English translation and notes), (2) Bhagavad Gita and the Changing World, and (3) Schools of Vddanta, Dr. Rao has published ' a number of papers relating to Indian Philosophy. His incisive writing sel- dom fails to stimulate thought. He is also a very gifted speaker. His approach to the study of Indian Philosophy is scientific and comparative. His treatment shows wide learning and true understanding. His exposi- tion is refreshing, impressive and dear. Introduction to Vedanta is a review of the various schools of India's living religion and philosophy — Vedanta which has influenced the world view of today. The book gives us a clecrf account of the Schools of Vedanta*
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