ENDOMETRIOSIS

ENDOMETRIOSIS (endometrioid heterotopia) – is defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity and uterine musculature.

The pelvis is the most common site of endometriosis, but endometriotic implants may occur nearly anywhere in the body.

Inside the endometrioid tissue take place fill-blown our low-grade changes appropriate to phases of menstrual cycle. Inside the high differentiated endometrioid foci the changes correlated with the phase of menstrual cycle were revealed. Inside the poorly differentiated endometrioid foci cystous glands with cuboidal epithelium that doesn’t change during the menstrual cycle were revealed. It was established the hormonal treatment is effective only in case of high differentiated tissue of endometrioid heterotopia.

During menstruation desquamation and lysis of epithelial cells and hemorrhages into the closed cavities happens in endometrioid heterotopia foci. Blood cells are exposed to lysis with hemosiderin formation what gives the dark (chocolate, tar) color to a contents of the cavity. Contents of the cavities are resorbed (partially or completely) by histiocytes but it arises once more during next menstruation cycle.

In postmenopausal age endometriosis undergoes a regress. It can be also the cyclic changes in the endometrioid heterotopia decrease during the lactation and decidual changes in stroma.

Real frequency of endometriosis with different localizations has not exactly established yet. For example laparoscopy have found minor forms of endometriosis in 30-50% in women with sterility have not clear genesis. In about 24-28% of all women endometriosis have founded during gynecological operations.

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