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Is sugar the key to treating lung problems?

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Is sugar the key to treating lung problems?

Published Tuesday 2 April 2019

By Maria Cohut

Fact checked by Gianna D'Emilio

New research conducted in mouse models suggests that the availability of glucose (a simple sugar) in the lung environment could influence the immune response. The study's authors believe that we may be able to use this information to develop better therapies for respiratory diseases.

Millions of people in the United States and across the world live with chronic respiratory conditions.

For instance, according to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 25 million people in the U.S. have asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by shortness of breath. With so many individuals having to carefully manage their respiratory health, researchers are constantly on the lookout for discoveries that may bring about new, better therapies.

Now, a study conducted in mice — led by researchers from the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom — has found an intriguing link between the presence of glucose in the lung environment and the behavior of macrophages, which are specialized immune cells that can drive inflammation.

The study's findings — which feature in the journal Nature Immunology — suggest that, on the one hand, blocking sugar receptors in the lung may help reduce inflammation in chronic respiratory conditions and that, on the other hand, boosting glucose levels in the lung environment could facilitate the immune response in people with certain respiratory infections.

This research received funds from numerous supporters, including research bodies, nonprofit organizations, and pharmaceutical companies: the Wellcome Trust in London, the U.K.'s Medical Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the U.S., Asthma UK, and AstraZeneca.

"Respiratory illnesses cause terrible suffering in both the developing and developed world," notes the study's lead researcher, Prof. Andrew MacDonald, Ph.D., from the University of Manchester.

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