DATA PROCESSING AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS

DATA PROCESSING AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS

we can define data processing as a series of actions that converts data into useful information.

term data processing system to include the resources that are used to accomplish the processing of data. There are four types of resources: people, materials, facilities, and equipment. People input to computers, operate them, and use their output. Materials are consumed in great quantity. Facilities are required to house the equipment, people and materials.

Basic data processing operations

Five basic operations are characteristic of all data processing systems: inputting, storing, processing, outputting, and controlling. Inputting is the process of entering collected facts, into a data processing system. Storing is saving information so that they are available for various processing. Processing represents performing many operations on data in order to convert them into useful information. Outputting is the process of producing useful information.

Controlling is directing the manner and sequence of previous operations.

data, once entered, are organized and stored in successively more comprehensive groupings, called data storage hierarchy. The general groupings of any data storage hierarchy are as follows.

6. Подберите к терминам, данным в левой колонке, опре деления, представленные справа.

1. Computer ' a) the set of instructions that direct

the operations of computers;

2. Computer literacy • b) a part of a computer, entering

data into the device;

3. A program c) facts unorganized but able to be

organized;

4. Data d) the output of a data processing

system;

5. Data processing . e) possessing sufficient knowledge

of how computers work and what they can do to use them as problem-solving tools;

6. Display • f) a series of operations that results

in the conversion of data system into useful information;

7. Input .g) an electronic device performing

calculations on numerical data;

8. Output h) an electronic device accepting

the data processing results from the computer

and displaying them;

9. Useful information i) a set of related files;

10. Data bank j) the resources required to accom-

plish the processing of data.

These resources are personnel, material, facilities and equipment.

UNIT 2

data processing ['deita prou'sesirj] — обработка информации (данных)

to convert [ksn'vait] — преобразовывать; переводить (в др. единицы)

to accomplish [a'komphj] —завершать, заканчивать; осуществлять, выполнять.

to house ['haus] — помещать, размещать

to improve [im'pru:v] — улучшать, совершенствовать

to control [kan'troul] — управлять, регулировать; управление, регулирование

to store ['sto:] — хранить, запоминать, заносить (размещать) в памяти

storage [^fstD:nd3] — запоминающее устройство, память; хранение

resource [n'sors] — ресурс; средство; возможность facility [fa'silrti] —- устройство; средство facilities — приспособления; возможности

equipment [I'kwipmsnt] — оборудование; аппаратура; приборы; устройства

available [s'veibbl] — доступный; имеющийся (в наличии); возможный

display [dis'plei] — дисплей; устройство (визуального) отображения; показ

manner ['тзепэ] — способ, образ (действий)

sequence ['sikwsns] — последовательность, порядок (следования)

sucessively [ssk'sesivh] — последовательно

data storage hierarchy [hais'raiki] — иерархия (последовательность) запоминания информации (данных)

to enter ['enta] — входить; вводить (данные); заносить, записывать

comprehensive groupings — полные, обширные, универсальные образования

meaningful ['mi:ninful] — имеющий смысл; значащий (о данных)

item ['aitsm] — элемент; составная часть record ['reko:d] — запись, регистрация; записывать, регистрировать

file ['fail] — файл; заносить (хранить) в файл set — набор; множество; совокупность; серия; группа; система

data base ['deita 'beis] — база данных

related [n'leitid] — смежный; взаимосвязанный; относящийся (к ч.-л.)