lt;<_ Gary Onik- inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostste and the live_>>

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Penza State University

Medical Institute

Department of History

Course Paper

On History

<<_ __Gary Onik- inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostste and the live___>>

Topic of the course paper

Student Name: CHAUHAN DEVRAJSINH

Group:19LL7(a) Year:2019-2020

Teacher: Dr.Gavrilova Tatiana Victorovna

Ratings:________________________

Teacher’s Sign:______________________________

Penza - 2019-2020

FIG 1.0 Joseph Lister

1st Baron Lister, OM, PC, PRS (5 April 1827 – 10 February 1912), was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery, whose research into bacteriology and infection in wounds, raised his skillful operative technique, that was similar to his peers, to a new plane where his observations, deductions and practices revolutionised surgery throughout the world.

FIG 1.1 Lister's carbolic steam spray apparatus

Lister promoted the idea of sterile surgery while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds.

Applying Louis Pasteur's advances in microbiology, Lister championed the use of carbolic acid as an antiseptic, so that it became the first widely used antiseptic in surgery. He first suspected it would prove an adequate disinfectant because it was used to ease the stench from fields irrigated with sewage waste. He presumed it was safe because fields treated with carbolic acid produced no apparent ill-effects on the livestock that later grazed upon them.

Lister's work led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients, distinguishing him as the "father of modern surgery".

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lt;<_ __Gary Onik- inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostste and the live___>>

lt;<_ Gary Onik- inventor and pioneer of ultrasound guided cryosurgery for both the prostste and the live_>>