SECTION 1 SELECT ONE, MOST SUITABLE ANSWER

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SECTION 1 SELECT ONE, MOST SUITABLE ANSWER

1. One of the characteristic morphological signs of acute glomerulonephritis is:

A. The deposition of eosinophilic masses in the renal glomeruli

B. Proliferation of mesangial cells

C. Stroma sclerosis

D. Edema and leukocytic infiltration of interstitium

E. Dystrophy of tubular epithelium

2. Kidney diseases with a primary lesion of the tubules include:

A. Kidney amyloidosis

B. Subacute glomerulonephritis

C. Acute pyelonephritis

D. Wilms’ tumor

E. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

3. What diseases can result in a “secondary shrunken kidney”?

A. Atherosclerosis of the renal vessels

B. Arterial hypertension

C. Kidney adenoma

D. Chronic pyelonephritis

E. Urate nephropathy

4. For acute glomerulonephritis is NOT typical:

A. Proliferation of mesangium

B. Infiltration of the glomerulus by leukocytes

C. Hyperemia of vessels, petechial hemorrhages

D. The presence of hyaline casts in the lumen of the tubules

E. Intracellular endothelial edema

5. What is the morphological substrate of acute renal failure?

A. Formation of "crescents"

B. Acute tubular necrosis

C. "Thyroid kidney"

D. Sclerosis in glomeruli capillaries

E. Diffuse-focal leukocytic infiltration

SECTION 2 SELECT ALL SUITABLE ANSWERS

6. Which of the following symptoms are NOT components of the nephritic syndrome?

A. Hyperlipidemia

B. Arterial hypertension

C. Proteinuria to 2 g/l

D. Edema

E. Hypoalbuminemia

7. Specify the diseases belonged to tubulopathies:

A. Acute tubular necrosis

B. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

C. Interstitial nephritis

D. Acute pyelonephritis

E. Kidney amyloidosis

8. Which of the following forms of chronic glomerulonephritis are NOT accompanied by proteinuria?

A. Hypertensive

B. Hematuric

C. Latent

D. Nephrotic

E. Mixed

9. What macroscopic picture can be detected in subacute glomerulonephritis?

A. “Large red kidney”

B. “Large white kidney”

C. "Secondary shrunken kidney"

D. “Large mottled kidney”

E. "Lardaceous kidney"

10. Select the renal causes of acute renal failure from the following:

A. Edema syndrome

B. Pathology of glomeruli

C. Damage to the convoluted tubules of kidney

D. Interstitial nephritis

E. Ureteral stricture

F. Urolithiasis

G. Renal hypoperfusion

11. What types of glomerulonephritis are secondary according to etiological classification?

A. Chronic glomerulonephritis

B. Wegener's granulomatosis

C. Alport’s syndrome

D. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

E. Amyloidosis

F. Goodpasture’s syndrome

12. Select the main complications of acute glomerulonephritis:

A. Acute renal failure

B. Pyonephrosis

C. Sepsis

D. Papillonecrosis

E. Pulmonary edema

F. Eclampsia

G. Kidney abscess

SECTION 3 – TRUE OR FALSE

13. Extracapillary subacute glomerulonephritis is characterized by increasing of sizes of glomeruli due to the proliferation of podocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, macrophages with an admixture of WBCs. Capillary walls and basal membranes are thickened and deformed.

14. In nephrolithiasis in the lumen of any part of urinary tract formation of stones different in chemical composition can be seen, including phosphates, carbonates, oxalates, cholesterol and pigment stones.

15. Chronic renal failure has multiple manifestations in different organs, including skin ("powdered" skin due to crystals of urea and uric acid with rash, scratching), cardiovascular system (uremic myocarditis, fibrinous pericarditis), respiratory system (uremic laryngitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, fibrinous pleurisy), digestive system (pharyngitis, parotitis, stomatitis, uremic gastritis, ulcerative lesions, bleeding), nervous, reproductive and musculoskeletal system.

SECTION 4 INSERT MISSED WORDS

16, 17, 18. During the autopsy of a 32-year-old patient, an examination of the kidneys revealed: the kidneys are enlarged in size, the surface is uneven due to multiple rounded thin-walled formations filled with yellowish liquid. On the section, a significant part of the kidney parenchyma is atrophied; there are large number of cavities of different sizes, the contents of which are ____________________ (16). This macroscopic picture corresponds to ____________________ (17). The main cause of death of the patient was ____________________ (18).

19, 20, 21, 22, 23. In examination of the kidney tissue of a patient suffering from acute pyelonephritis, the following histological picture is observed: in the lumen of the tubules and in the stroma there are clusters of ____________________ (19) with an admixture of ____________________ (20); in the lumen of the convoluted tubules and collecting ducts there is accumulation of eosinophilic clumps, which are called ____________________ (21); hemodynamic disturbances in the form of ____________________ (22) vessels and ____________________ (23) interstitium were also detected.

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