TYPES OF TISSUES

TYPES OF TISSUES

Remember the following words and expressions:

Tissues: 1. epithelial tissue [ˌɛpɪˈθiːljəl ˈtɪʃuː] эпителиальная ткань ü simple [ˈsɪmpl] простая ü compound [ˈkɒmpaʊnd] сложная 2. connective tissue [kəˈnɛktɪv] соединительная ткань ü Loose CT [luːs] рыхлая СТ ü Dense [dɛns] CT: Tendon [ˈtɛndən], Ligament [ˈlɪgəmənt] плотная СТ: связки, сухожилия ü Specialized [ˈspɛʃəlaɪzd] CT: cartilage [ˈkɑːtɪlɪʤ], bone [bəʊn], and blood [blʌd] СТ со специальными свойствами: хрящ, кость, кровь 3. muscular tissue [ˈmʌskjʊlə] мышечная ткань ü skeletal muscle [ ˈskɛlɪtəl] скелетная мышца ü smooth muscle [smuːð] гладкая мышца ü cardiac muscle [ˈkɑːdɪæk] сердечная мышца 4. nervous tissue [ˈnɜːvəs] нервная ткань ü neurons [ˈnjʊərɒnz ] нейроны ü glial cells [ʹglaıəl selz] глиальные клетки

adipose [ˈædɪpəʊs] жир to cover [ˈkʌvə] покрывать surface [ˈsɜːfɪs] поверхность to line [laɪn] вытилать cavity [ˈkævɪti] полость arrangement [əˈreɪnʤmənt] расположение layer [ˈleɪə] слой abundant [əˈbʌndənt] часто встречающийся to bind [baɪnd] соединять to support [səˈpɔːt] поддерживать to protect [prəˈtɛkt] защищать to store [stɔː] сохранять, запасать to fill space [fɪl speɪs] заполнять пространство ground substance [graʊnd ˈsʌbstəns] межклеточное вещество collagen ['kɔləʤən] коллаген fiber [faɪbə] волокно connection [kəˈnɛkʃən] связь Contraction [kənˈtrækʃən] сокращение To perform [pəˈfɔːm] выполнять To receive [rɪˈsiːv] получать To transmit [trænzˈmɪt] передавать

Упр. 1

a) Скажите что изображено на картинках.

b) Назовите виды мышечной ткани.

Text:

Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure (form) and function. The study of tissues is known as histology. There are four main tissues in the body – epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.

Epithelial Tissue. Epithelial tissue is commonly referred to as epithelium. It covers body surfaces and internal organs and lines body cavities. Functions include lining, protecting, and forming glands.

Epithelial tissue may be classified by cell arrangement into a) simple epithelium and b) compound epithelium. Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells. Compound epithelium is made of two or more cell layers. It functions as a protective covering, as it does in our skin, for example.

Connective tissues. Connective tissues are the most abundant tissues in animal body. Connective tissues serve many purposes: binding, supporting, protecting, forming blood, storing fats, filling space. The connective tissues include cartilage, bone, adipose, and blood. All connective tissues, except blood, secrete structural proteins called collagen or elastin. Connective tissues are classified into three types: Loose Connective tissue, Dense Connective tissue, and Specialized Connective tissue. Loose Connective tissues have cells and fibers that are loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance Dense Connectivetissues have fibers that are packed compactly. It provides connection between different tissues in the human body. Tendons are dense tissue that attach skeletal muscle to bones and ligaments attach bone to another bone. Specialized Connective Tissue. Cartilage, bones and blood are types of specialized connective tissue.

Muscular Tissue. Muscle tissue is a soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies. Muscle tissues are tissues made of cells able to perform contractions and therefore generate movement. Muscle tissue varies with function and location in the body. In mammals, there are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is found in the muscles that move bones. The walls of internal organs contain smooth muscles. Cardiac muscle tissue is present only in the heart. The main function of cardiac tissue is pumping blood through the body.

Nervous tissue is composed of two main cell types: neurons and glial cells. Neurons transmit nerve messages. Glial cells are in direct contact with neurons and often surround them. The function of nervous tissue is to receive and to transmit nervous impulses (the reception and transmission of information).

Упр.2 Заполните таблицу.

Type of tissue	Examples	Function
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

Упр. 3 Дополните предложения

1. There are four main tissues in the body – … . 2. Epithelial tissue may be classified by cell arrangement into:… . 3. Connective tissues are classified into three types:

4. Muscle tissue is a soft tissue that composes… . 5. The function of nervous tissue is … .

Упр. 4.

a) Составьте словосочетания

body	epithelium
simple	muscle
bone	organs
internal	tissues
different	layer
cardiac	marrow
cells	cavities

b) Дополните предложения словосочетаниями из таблицы выше.

1. The … in some bones is the place where blood cells are produced. 2. In mammals there are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and … . 3. A … lines most organs of the digestive tract.

4. A … is a fluid-filled space inside the body that holds and protects internal organs. 5. All … are situated in the chest and abdomen. 6. Groups of … make up organs in the body. Simple epithelium consists of a single …

Упр. 5 Переведите производные слова.

1. To protect, protecting, protection, protective. 2. To classify, classification, classifying, classifiable.

3. To arrange, arranging, arrangement, arranger. 4. To digest, digesting, digestion, digestive.

Упр. 6 .Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are the main types of animal tissue? 2. What is another name for epithelial tissue? 3. What are the different types of epithelium based on the number of cell layers?

4. What are the general functions of connective tissues? 5. What structures in the body are made primarily of dense regular connective tissue? 6. Which cells is nervous tissue made of?

Упр. 8 Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. В теле существует четыре основных типа тканей.

2. Эпителий покрывает поверхность тела и внутренние органы.

3. Жировая ткань защищает внутренние органы.

4. Кровь транспортирует питательные вещества.

5. Мышечная ткань обеспечивает движение.

6. Сердечная мышца качает кровь по телу.