ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА. Краткие теоретические сведения. Отрицательная форма: I was not talking. Вопросительная форма: Was I talking?

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА

Тема: Презентация различных отраслей хозяйства Великобритании. Past Continuous

Краткие теоретические сведения

Схема образования Past Continuous:

1. Утвердительная форма:

Past Continuous в утвердительной форме образуется с помощью глагола to be и глагола с окончанием –ing (причастия настоящего времени), при этом изменяется только глагол to be. Соответственно он может быть в форме was или were.

Таблица с примерами:

	Единственное число	Множественное число
1 лицо	I was talking	We were talking
2 лицо	You were talking	You were talking
3 лицо	He/She/It was talking	They were talking

My boss was yelling at me this morning – Мой босс кричал на меня этим утром.

2. Отрицательная форма: I was not talking

Отрицание строится с помощью частицы not– добавьте ее послеwasили were.

	Единственное число	Множественное число
1 лицо	I was not talking	We were not talking
2 лицо	You were not talking	You were not talking
3 лицо	He/She/It was not talking	They were not talking

Возможны сокращения: wasn’t, weren’t.

Sorry, I was not listening. – Простите, я не слушал.

3. Вопросительная форма: Was I talking?

В вопросительной форме глагол to be ставится перед подлежащим:

	Единственное число	Множественное число
1 лицо	Was I talking?	Were we talking?
2 лицо	Were you talking?	Were you talking?
3 лицо	Was he/she/it talking?	Were they talking?

Was the water boiling now? – Вода сейчас кипела?

Past Continuous употребляется в следующих случаях:

Действие происходило в определенный момент в прошлом.

В таком случае момент обычно уточняется с помощью:

а) указания времени:

I was having my breakfast at nine. – В девять часов я завтракал.

б) другого действия:

I was sleeping when you turned on the TV. – Я спал, когда ты включил телевизор.

Длительное действие, происходившее в определенный промежуток времени в прошлом.

Мы можем выразить с помощью прошедшего длительного времени некое действие, которое не происходило в определенный момент прошлого, а происходило в течение какого-то периода времени.

I was writing a novel last winter. – Прошлой зимой я писал роман.

Повторяющееся действие с негативным оттенком.

Past Continuous в сочетании с наречиями типа always, constantly (имеющими значение «все время») выражает неприятное, раздражающее действие, которое регулярно происходило в прошлом. Этот оборот характерен для разговорной речи.

She was always coming to class late. – Она все время опаздывала на урок.

He was constantly talking. – Он постоянно болтал.

Содержание работы

1. Чтение и перевод текста

2. Выполнение лексических упражнений

3. Грамматические упражнения

1.Чтение и перевод текста

Great Britain is one of the world's leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food supplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; aircraft; motor vehicles and parts; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; coal; petroleum; paper and printing; food processing; textiles; and clothing. Private enterprises in the Great Britain generate over three-quarters of total domestic income. Since 1979 the Government has privatized 46 major businesses and reduced the state-owned sector of industry by about two-thirds. The Government is taking measures to cut unnecessary regulations imposed on business, and runs a number of schemes which provide direct assistance or advice to small and medium-sized businesses. One of the leading industries of Great Britain is the textile industry. Coals, iron and steel as well as various machines are also produced there. Ship-building and motor industry are highly developed too. Great Britain is highly industrialized, this was the country in which the earliest developments of modern industry took place. London, the capital, is one of many important industrial centers. Lots of things such as clothes, food, planes and cars are made in and around London. Birmingham is the biggest town in an important industrial area near the centre of England. Machines, cars and lorries are made in this area. TV sets and radios are also produced there. Manchester in the north-west of England is the centre of the cotton textile industry, one of Britain's most important producers of computers and electronic equipment. Coal-mining is important in South Wales, but many of the mines5 there have been closed. There is much unemployment in South Wales today. A smaller industrial area is situated in North Wales, where steel6 and chemicals are produced. Ship-building is an important industry in the United Kingdom. The main ship-building centers are London, Glasgow in Scotland, Belfast in Northern Ireland and some others. Sheep can be seen in many parts of England and Scotland, and there are a lot of cattle-farms and farms where milk, butter and cheese are produced. But only half of the food the country needs is produced by British agriculture

2.Выполнение лексических упражнений

The health of a big, developed country’s __1__ depends largely on its industry. Factories have to keep busy. They must __2__ and sell their __3__ in large quantities. __4__ must make and sell ships; car __5__ must make and sell cars. A period of industrial success, when everything goes well and large profits are made, is called a(an) __6__. On the other hand a period when there is not much industrial activity is called a __7__. To maintain a high level of production is not simple. For example Japan, a very successful industrialized country, has very few natural __8__ such as oil or coal, and has to __9__ them from other countries in order to keep its industries going, and thus to supply needs at home and also to __10__ its goods to its overseas __11__.

1: imports, productions, economy, exports

2: import, produce, create, export

3: shipyards, plants, discoveries, products

4: shipyards, ports, factories, manufacturers

5: yards, plants, centers, resources

6: slump, increase, boom, import

7: export, slump, boom, decrease

8: markets, products, imports, resources

9: import, produce, borrow, export

10: import, produce, lend, export

11: markets, bazaars, shops, trades

Look at sentences 1-16, and replace the words and expressions in bold with a word or expression in the box which has an opposite meaning. unskilled laborers • employees / workers / staff • credit • exports • loss demand for • bust / recession • shop floor • state-owned industries private • expenditure • lending • net • take on • retail • white-collar

1.We have a limited SUPPLY OF computer base units.__________________________

2.Last year, our company made a huge PROFIT.__________

3.Our GROSS profits are up by almost 150% on last year.________

4.Banks across the country are reporting a sharp drop in BORROWING.________

5.The company will DEBIT your bank account with £528 each month._________

6.The WHOLESALE market has experienced a downturn since the recession began._______

7.The government is encouraging short-term investors to put their money into the PUBLIC sector.___

8.PRIVATE ENTERPRISES are under a lot of financial pressure._________

9.SKILLED WORKERS are demanding a 15% pay rise._________________

10. If this continues, we will have to LAY OFF members of staff._______________

11.BLUE-COLLARworkers across the country are demanding improved working conditions._______

12. He works for a company which IMPORTS camera equipment.___________

13. A lot of people have benefited from the recent BOOM in the electrical industry._________

14. The MANAGEMENT refuse to compromise on the quality of their products._______________

15. Overall REVENUE is down by almost 15%._____________

16. A fight broke out in the BOARDROOM over terms and conditions of employment. (Note: you will have to change the preposition into on)________________

3.Выполнение грамматических упражнений

Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в фоpму Past Continuous.

While I ___________ (to copy) the exercise, my friends __________ (to describe) a picture.
When we came in, the children __________ (to clean) their desks.
We met her at the bus stop. She ___________ (to wait) for the bus.
Some of the children ________ (to ski) while other children ___________ (to skate). Everybody __________ (to have) a lot of fun.
When we came the family ________ (to get) everything ready for Christmas. Bob and Helen _________ (to decorate) the Christmas tree.
The girls _________ (to feed) the birds in the garden while the boys _______ (to make) a bird-house.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте слова в правильной форме.

Tom (to walk) home when the storm (to begin). What (you \ to read) when they came in? While I (to dig) in the garden, I (to hurt) my arm. I (to wait) for my flight yesterday morning. How fast (she\to drive) when the accident (to happen)? We (to have) a dinner when she called. At 10.35 we (to play) tennis in the club.