VOCABULARY. Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.. Transform the words in the brackets to make them lexically correct.. READING AND GRAMMAR

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VOCABULARY

1.Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.

1 Be sure to clean all of the equipment that will be used in the surgery. _a _ _ t _ _ _

2 The doctor needs an absorbent material to wipe away some blood. s _ _ _ g_

3 During a procedure in which doctors cut into a living body, patients are often unconscious.

_ _ r _ _ c _ _ p_ _c _ _ u _ _

4 Those connected, metal blades are very sharp, so be careful when using them. _ c _ _ s _ _ s

2. Transform the words in the brackets to make them lexically correct.

A. General anesthesia is a (combine) of medications that put you in a sleep-like state before a surgery or other medical procedure.

B. The development of (effect) anaesthetics in the 19^th century made surgery successful.

C. Some doctors used alcohol or morphine to reduce the pain, but patients were (usual) held or strapped down.

D. Not all anaesthesia makes you (conscious).

E. General anaesthesia is used for operations that would otherwise be very (pain).

F. Side effects of general anesthesia may include sore throat, due to the (breathe) tube

G. There are two main forms of (region) anesthesia: spinal anesthetic and epidural anesthetic.

H. Anaphylaxis is a serious (allergy) reaction to the anaesthetic.

READING AND GRAMMAR

Early surgery

Surgery is when doctors called surgeons cut open a person’s body to take out, repair, or replace parts. From about 1,000 years ago, barbers started to do surgery. People could go to barber shops where the barbers cut hair. The barbers also pulled out sore teeth, treated wounds from fights, and cut off arms or legs that were badly wounded!

Anaesthetics

From about 1,000 years ago, doctors in the Middle East started to make anesthetics.

Anesthetics are drugs that stop a person feeling pain. Before anesthetics, people felt a lot of pain when they had surgery.

Doctors made early anesthetics from plants. They made some plants into medicines for patients to put into their mouth. This stopped the pain when a barber pulled a tooth out. Later, new anesthetics made patients go to sleep before surgery. When they woke up, the surgery was done!

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