INTEGUMENTARY* SYSTEM

INTEGUMENTARY* SYSTEM

Remember the following words and expressions:

flexible [ˈflɛksəbl] эластичный to cover [ˈkʌvə] покрывать epidermis [ˌɛpɪˈdɜːmɪs] эпидермис to replace [rɪˈpleɪs] заменять continuously [kənˈtɪnjʊəsli] постоянно, непрерывно dermis [ˈdəːmɪs] дерма follicle [ˈfɒlɪkl] фолликул to scrap [skræp] царапать to rub off [rʌb ɒf ] обдирать, сдирать to bleed [bliːd] кровоточить to hurt [hɜːt] болеть innermost [ˈɪnəməʊst] зд.:самый глубокий hypodermis [ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːrmɪs] гиподерма cushion [ˈkʊʃən] смягчать удары sweat [swɛt] пот oil/ sebaceous [ɔɪl/ sɪˈbeɪʃəs] зд.:сальный

perspiration [ˌpɜːspəˈreɪʃən] потение to evaporate [ɪˈvæpəreɪt] испарять(ся) to be eliminated from [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪtɪd frɒm] удаляться, выводиться moist [mɔɪst] влажный shiny [ˈʃaɪni] блестящий goose bumps [guːs bʌmps] гусиная кожа, мурашки harmful substances [ˈhɑːmfʊl ˈsʌbstənsɪz ] вредные вещества disease-causing [dɪˈziːz-ˈkɔːzɪŋ] болезнетворный covering [ˈkʌvərɪŋ] покрытие to dry out [draɪ aʊt] пересыхать melanin ['melənɪn] меланин ultraviolet rays [ˈʌltrəˈvaɪəlɪt reɪz] ультрафиолетовые лучи tan [tæn] загар, загорелый constant temperature [ˈkɒnstənt ˈtɛmprɪʧə] постоянная температура sunlight [ˈsʌnlaɪt] солнечный свет

Упр. 1 Посмотрите на картинку и переведите следующие слова на английский язык.

1. Эпидермис; 2. Дерма; 3. Гиподерма; 4. Сальная железа; 5. Волосяной фолликул; 6. Кровеносный сосуд; 7. Потовая железа; 8. Волос.

Text:

Your skin is a flexible, protective organ that covers your body. Skin is the largest organ in the human body. It amount is about 7% of your body weight. Your skin has two layers. The epidermis is the outer layer. It is as thick as seven sheets of paper. The epidermis has some nerve cells but no blood vessels. This outer skin layer produces nails and hair. The epidermis continuously makes new skin cells to replace old ones. You grow a complete new layer of skin about every twenty-seven days. Below the epidermis is the layer called the dermis. In the dermis layer there are nerves, glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. When you scrape your elbow, the epidermis layer is rubbed off and the dermis is exposed. This is why the scrape bleeds and hurts. Hypodermis isthe innermost layer of the skin, which helps cushion internal organs.

You have two kinds of glands in your skin. They are sweat glands and oil glands. Sweat glands allow perspiration. Sweat on the skin's surface evaporates and cools, helping to cool your whole body. This helps to regulate your body temperature. Also, water and salts are eliminated from your body. There are more than two million sweat glands in your skin.

The oil glands produce body oil that makes your hair shiny and keeps your skin moist. Along the hair follicles there are muscles. These muscles make your hair stand up – like when you get "goose bumps." This helps to warm your body.

Melanin cells in the epidermis give the skin its color. When ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun hit your skin, your body produces melanin. This brown substance makes your skin look "tan."

The skin protects the body by forming a barrier that keeps harmful substances and disease-causing bacteria and viruses outside the body. Skin acts like a covering to keep your body from drying out. It helps maintain a constant temperature. When you get too warm, blood vessels in the skin get bigger to allow more blood to pass through them. This allows heat to move from your body to the outside.

Some skin cells produce vitamin D when sunlight is present. Vitamin D is important for healthy bones. Vitamin D helps the cells in your digestive system to absorb the calcium in your food.

Because your skin has so many important jobs, it is important for you to take care of it. Eat a variety of healthy foods. Drink plenty of water. Limit exposure to the sun. Keep your skin clean and dry.

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