Read the text. Complete the sentences, using the facts given in the text.

1. Read the text. Complete the sentences, using the facts given in the text.

Jazz Festival

New Orleans, Louisiana

Jazz has many homes. Kansas City, Chicago, New York, San Francisco — each claims its own distinctive style of this musical form. But jazz has only one birthplace and that, indisputably, is New Orleans.

Some musical scholars trace its origins back to slave gatherings in the city's Congo Square, where rhythmic dances were a local attraction before the Civil War. Others find its roots in Storyville, the former red-light district, where black musicians performed before a mainly white clientele. There were the "spasm" bands on the city streets, borrowing a musical phrase from the blues, another from the church, another from some old French or Spanish tune that was familiar to anyone from New Orleans.

Sometime around 1900 this new music started rolling out of the city's black neighborhoods. It was first known as jass, which was the slang term for the sex act. Legendary figures such as Bunk Johnson and Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver were playing it, in the nightclubs and on the riverboats. Then in 1917 two local groups — The New Orleans Rhythm Kings and the Original Dixieland Jass Band — signed recording contracts and the music suddenly spilled out to the rest of the world.

Calling for a high degree of improvisational skill within a structured framework, jazz demanded discipline and creativity, genius in a mold. It changed from Dixie to swing to bop and swept the world as America's most distinct sound. But it almost died in the city that invented it.

By the late 1950s, traditional jazz musicians could not get work here and the music they had played in their youth was seldom heard. But the establishment of Preservation Hall in the French Quarter returned the music to its roots. Old-timers everyone had forgotten suddenly found themselves revered as guardians of a precious legacy, which has now been passed on to another generation's stewardship.

Every variety of jazz is heard in this festival, from the home-grown original to some of the latest sounds from deep space. But it all came first from the streets of this city.

Events: Performances of every kind of jazz on 10 stages at the Fair Grounds; concerts are also held on riverboats and in nightclubs.

1. San Francisco is one of ... .

2. Each jazz home has its own ....

3. Some musical scholars trace jazz's origins ... .

4. “Spasm” bands borrowed from ... .

5. Sometime around 1900 jazz started ... .

6. In 1917 two New Orleans groups signed ....

7. Jazz changed from Dixie to ... .

8. By the late 1950s, traditional jazz musicians could not ....

9. Old-timers everyone had forgotten suddenly ....

10. Every variety of jazz is heard during the Jazz Festival, from ... to ... .

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