American English to Spanish Dictionary 1 страница

American English to Spanish Dictionary

©Elliston Dmitry 2020

Introduction

American English language:

American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. Currently, American English is the most influential form of English worldwide.

English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the de facto common language used by the federal and state governments, to the extent that all laws and compulsory education presume English as the primary language. English is explicitly given official status by 32 of the 50 state governments. While the local courts in some divisions of the United States grant equivalent status to both English and another language – for example, English and Spanish languages in Puerto Rico – under federal law, English is still the official language for any matters being referred to the United States district court for the territory.

The use of the English language in the United States is a result of British colonization of the Americas. The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries. During the 17th century, dialects from many different regions of England existed in every American colony, allowing a process of extensive dialect mixture and leveling in which English varieties across the colonies became more homogeneous compared with varieties in England. The English language thus predominated in the colonies even by the end of the 17th century's first massive immigration of non-English speakers from Europe and Africa, and firsthand descriptions of a fairly uniform American English language became common after the mid-18th century. Since then, the American English language has developed into some new varieties, including regional dialects that, in some cases, show minor influences in the last two centuries from successive waves of immigrant speakers of diverse languages, primarily European languages.

American English varieties include many patterns of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and particularly spelling that are unified nationwide but distinct from other English dialects around the world. Any American or Canadian accent perceived as free of noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is popularly called "General" or "Standard" American, a fairly uniform accent continuum native to certain regions of the United States of America and associated nationally with broadcast mass media and highly educated speech. However, historical and present linguistic evidence does not support the notion of there being one single "mainstream" American accent. The sound of the American English language continues to evolve, with some local accents disappearing, but several larger regional accents having emerged in the 20th century.

Spanish language:

Spanish (/ˈspænɪʃ/ (About this sound listens); About this soundespañol (help·info)), or Castilian (/kæˈstɪliən/ (About this sound listens), About this soundcastellano (help·info)), is a Romance language that originated in the Iberian Peninsula and today has over 483 million native speakers, mainly in Spain and the Americas. It is a global language, the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese, and the world's fourth-most spoken language, after English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindi.

Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. The oldest Latin texts with traces of Spanish come from mid-northern Iberia in the 9th century, and the first systematic written use of the language happened in Toledo, a prominent city of the Kingdom of Castile, in the 13th century. Commencement in 1492, the Spanish language was taken to the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania, and the Philippines.

A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin): In the case of Spanish, it is one of the closest Romance languages to Latin (20% distance), only behind Sardinian (8% distance) and Italian (12% distance). Around 75% of modern Spanish vocabulary is derived from Latin, including Latin borrowings from Ancient Greek. Spanish vocabulary has been in contact with Arabic from an early date, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula and around 8% of its vocabulary has an Arabic lexical root. It has also had small influences from Basque, Iberian, Celtiberian, Visigothic, and other neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. Additionally, it has absorbed vocabulary from other languages, particularly other Romance languages – French, Italian, Andalusi Romance, Portuguese, Galician, Catalan, Occitan, and Sardinian – as well as from Quechua, Nahuatl, and other indigenous languages of the Americas.

Spanish is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. It is also used as an official language by the European Union, the Organization of American States, the Union of South American Nations, the Community of Latin American and the Caribbean States, the African Union, and many other international organizations.

Despite its large number of speakers, the Spanish language does not feature prominently in scientific writing, though it is better represented in the humanities. 75% of scientific production in Spanish is divided into three thematic areas: social sciences, medical sciences, and arts/humanities. Spanish is the third most used language on the internet after English and Chinese.

Spanglish language:

Spanglish (a portmanteau of the words "Spanish" and "English") is a name sometimes given to various contact dialects, pidgins, or creole languages that result from the interaction between Spanish and English used by people who speak both languages or parts of both languages, mainly spoken in the United States. It is a blend of Spanish and English lexical items and grammar. Spanglish language can be considered a variety of Spanish with heavy use of English or vice versa.[citation needed] It can be more related either to Spanish or to English, depending on the circumstances. Since Spanglish arises independently in each region, it reflects the locally spoken varieties of English and Spanish. In general, different varieties of Spanglish are not necessarily mutually intelligible. In Mexican and Chicano Spanish the common term for "Spanglish" is "Pocho".

The term Spanglish is first recorded in 1933. It corresponds to the Spanish terms Espanglish (from Español + English, introduced by the Puerto Rican poet Salvador Tió in the late 1940s) and Inglañol (Inglés + Español). Other colloquial portmanteau words for Spanglish are Spenglish (recorded from 1967) and Spinglish (from 1970).

Some of these creoles have become recognized languages in their own right, such as San Andrés–Providencia Creole of Colombia.

A a:

Abandonment, an abandonment, the abandonment, the abandonments, to abandon, abandoned, abandoning - [Abandono, un abandono, el abandono, los abandonos, abandonar, abandonado, abandonando]

Abdomen, an abdomen, the abdomen, the abdomens – [Abdomen, un abdomen, el abdomen, los abdómenes]

Abacus, an abacus, the abacus, the abacuses - [Ábaco, un ábaco, el ábaco, los ábacos]

Abhor, to abhor, abhors, abhorred, abhorring - [Aborrecer, para aborrecer, aborrece, aborrecido, aborreciendo]

Abjuration, an abjuration, the abjuration, the abjurations - [Abjuración, una abjuración, la abjuración, las abjuraciones]

Abomination, an abomination, the abomination, the abominations, abominable, to abominate, abominated, abominating – [Abominación, una abominación, la abominación, las abominaciones, abominable, para abominar, abominado, abominando]

Abridge, abridged, abridging - [Abreviar, abreviado, abreviado]

Absolution, an absolution, the absolution, the absolutions, to absolve, absolved, absolving - [Absolución, una absolución, la absolución, las absoluciones, para absolver, absuelto, absolver]

Acceleration, an acceleration, the acceleration, the accelerations, to accelerate, accelerated, accelerating – [aceleración, una aceleración, la aceleración, las aceleraciones, para acelerar, acelerado, acelerando]

Accessibility, an accessibility, the accessibility, the accessibilities, accessible, an access, the access, the accesses, to access, accessed, accessing – [Accesibilidad, una accesibilidad, la accesibilidad, las accesibilidades, accesible, un acceso, el acceso, los accesos, para acceder, accedido, accediendo]

Accommodation, an accommodation, the accommodation, the accommodations, to accommodate, accommodated, accommodating – [Acomodación, una acomodación, la acomodación, las acomodaciones, para acomodar, acomodado, acomodando]

Acidification, acid, an acid, the acid, the acids, to acidify, acidified, acidifying - [Acidificación, ácido, un ácido, el ácido, los ácidos, para acidificar, acidificado, acidificante]

Adjective – [Adjetiva, Adjetivas, Adjetivo, Adjetivos]

Adjuration, an adjuration, the adjuration, the adjurations, to adjure, adjured, adjuring - [Adjuración, un adjuración, la adjuración, los adjuraciones, para adjurar, adjurado, adjurar]

Adolescent, an adolescent, the adolescent, the adolescents – [Adolescente, un adolescente, el adolescente, los adolescentes]

Adoption, an adoption, the adoption, the adoptions, to adopt, adopted, adopting, adoptive – [adopción, una adopción, la adopción, las adopciones, para adoptar, adoptado, adoptando, adoptivo]

Adoration, an adoration, the adoration, the adorations – [Adoración, una adoración, la adoración, las adoraciones]

Adore, to adore, adored, adoring – [Adorar, para adorar, adorado, adorando]

Adultery, an adultery, the adultery, the adulteries, adult, an adulterer, the adulterer, the adulterers, an adulteress, the adulteress, the adulteresses – [Adulterio, un adulterio, el adulterio, los adulterios, adulto, un adúltero, el adúltero, los adúlteros, una adúltera, la adúltera, las adúlteras]

Adventure, an adventure, the adventure, the adventures, to adventure, adventured, adventuring - [Aventura, una aventura, la aventura, las aventuras, para aventurar, aventurero, aventuras]

Aerial - [Aéreo, Aérea, Aéreos, Aéreas]

Affirmation, an affirmation, the affirmation, the affirmations, affirmative, affirmatively, to affirm, affirmed, affirming – [Afirmación, una afirmación, la afirmación, las afirmaciones, afirmativas, afirmativamente, para afirmar, afirmado, afirmando]

Affliction, an affliction, the affliction, the afflictions, to afflict, afflicted, afflicting, afflictive - [Aflicción, una aflicción, la aflicción, las aflicciones, afligir, afligido, afligido, aflictivo (aflictiva)]

Affluence, an affluence, the affluence, affluent - [Afluencia, una afluencia, la afluencia, afluente]

Aficionada

Aficionada, an aficionada, the aficionada, the aficionadas - [Aficionada, una aficionada, la aficionada, las aficionadas]

Air, an air, the air, the airs, to air, aired, airing – [Aire, un aire, el aire, los aires, para airear, aireado, aireando]

Alarm, an alarm, the alarm, the alarms, to alarm, alarming, alarming – [Alarma, una alarma, la alarma, las alarmas, alarmarse, alarmante, estremecedor]

Alimentation, an alimentation, the alimentation, the alimentations - [Alimentación, una alimentación, la alimentación, las alimentaciónes]

Allegation, an allegation, the allegation, the allegations, to allege, alleged, alleging – [Alegación, una alegación, la alegación, las alegaciones, para alegar, presunto, alegando]

Amalgamation, an amalgamation, the amalgamation, the amalgamations, to amalgamate, amalgamated, amalgamating - [Amalgamación, una amalgama, la amalgama, las fusiones, para amalgamar, amalgamado, amalgamando]

Amicability, an amicability, the amicability, the amicabilities, amicable, amicably – [Amicabilidad , una amicabilidad, la amicabilidad, las amicabilidades, amigable]

Amirite, an amirite, the amirite - [Amirite, un amirite, el amirite]

Amity, an amity, the amity, the amities - [Amistad, una amistad, la amistad, las amistades]

Amour

Amour, an amour, the amour, the amours, amorous – [Aventura amorosa, un amorío, el amorío, los amores, amoroso]

Amplification, an amplification, the amplification, the amplifications, an amplifier, the amplifier, the amplifiers, to amplify, amplified, amplifying – [Amplificación, una amplificación, la amplificación, las amplificaciones, un amplificador, el amplificador, los amplificadores, para amplificar, amplificado, amplificando]

Amy, an amy, the amy, the amies - [Amigo, un amigo, el amigo, los amigos; Amiga, una amiga, la amiga, las amigas]

Animal, an animal, the animal, the animals – [Animal, un animal, el animal, los animales]

Anterior, an anterior, the anterior – [Anterior, un anterior, el anterior]

Application, an application, the application, the applications, to apply, applied, applying – [aplicación, una aplicación, la aplicación, las aplicaciones, para aplicar, aplicado, aplicando]

Aqua, an aqua, the aqua – [Aqua, un aqua, el aqua]

Argentiferous – [Argentiferous]

Aridity, an aridity, the aridity, the aridities - [Aridez, una aridez, la aridez, las aridez]

Armament, an armament, the armament, the armaments, to arm, armed, arming – [Armamento, un armamento, el armamento, los armamentos, para armar, armado, armando]

Arrogance, an arrogance, the arrogance, arrogant – [Arrogancia, una arrogancia, la arrogancia, arrogante]

Art, an art, the art, the arts, an artisan, the artisan, the artisans, an artificer, the artificer, the artificers, artificial, artificially - [Arte, un arte, el arte, las artes, un artesano, el artesano, los artesanos, un artífice, el artífice, los artífices, artificial, artificialmente]

Assassination, an assassination, the assassination, the assassinations, to assassinate, assassinated, assassinating – [Asesinato, un asesinato, el asesinato, el asesinato, para asesinar, asesinados, asesinar]

Astuteness, an astuteness, the astuteness, the astutenesses, astute - [Astucia, una astucia, la astucia, los astutenesses, astuto; astutos; astuta; astutas]

Attention, an attention, the attention, the attentions – [Atención, una atención, la atención, las atenciones]

Audacity, an audacity, the audacity, the audacities, audacious (boldness) – [Audacia, una audacia, la audacia, las audacias, audaz]

Audible – [Audible]

Authentication, an authentication, the authentication, the authentications – [Autenticación, una autenticación, la autenticación, las autenticaciones]

Authenticity, an authenticity, the authenticity, the authenticities – [Autenticidad, una autenticidad, la autenticidad, las autenticidades]

Auxiliary, an auxiliary, the auxiliary, the auxiliaries, auxiliary – [Auxiliar, un auxiliar, el auxiliar, los auxiliares, auxiliar]

B b:

Banjo

Benediction, a benediction, the benediction, the benedictions, to benedict – [bendición, una bendición, la bendición, las bendiciones, para bendecir, bendecido]

Benign – [Benigno, (bien, bueno, buena, buenos, buenas)]

Blasphemy, a blasphemy, the blasphemy, the blasphemies, to blaspheme, blasphemed, blaspheming, blasphemous – [Blasfemia, una blasfemia, la blasfemia, las blasfemias, para blasfemar, blasfemado, blasfemando, blasfemo]

Board, a board, the board, the boards, to board, boarded, boarding – [Bordo, un bordo, el bordo, los bordos, para abordar, abordado, abordando]

Bomber, a bomber, the bomber, the bombers – [Bombardero, un bombardero, el bombardero, los bombarderos]

Border fence among the United States of America and Mexico

Border, a border, the border, the borders - []

Bonanza, a bonanza, the bonanza, the bonanzas - [Bonanza, una bonanza, la bonanza, las bonanzas]

Boot

Bottle, a bottle, the bottle, the bottles, to bottle, bottled, bottling – [Botella, una botella, la botella, las botellas, para embotellar, embotellado, embotellado]

Brutality, a brutality, the brutality, the brutalities – [Brutalidad, una brutalidad, la brutalidad, las brutalidades]

Buffalo, a buffalo, the buffalo, the buffalos – [Búfalo, un búfalo, el búfalo, los búfalos]

Button, a button, the button, the buttons, to button, buttoned, buttoning – [Botón, un botón, el botón, los botones, para abotonar, abotonado abotonarse]

C c:

Calamity, a calamity, the calamity, the calamities – [Calamidad, una calamidad, la calamidad, las calamidades]

Calm, a calm, the calm, the calms, to calm, calmed, calming, calmative – [Calma, una calma, la calma, las calmas, para calmar, calmado, calmando, calmante]

Camise, a camise, the camise, the camises - [Camisa, una camisa, la camisa, las camisas]

Camp, a camp, the camp, the camps, to camp, camped, camping – [Campamento, un campamento, el campamento, los campamentos, acampar, acampado, camping]

Cancellation, a cancellation, the cancellation, the cancellations, to cancel, canceled, canceling – [Cancelación, una cancelación, la cancelación, las cancelaciones, cancelar, cancelado, cancelando]

Capture, a capture, the capture, the captures, to capture, captured, capturing – [Captura, una captura, la captura, las capturas, capturar, capturado, capturando]

Car, a car, the car, the cars – [Carro (coche), un carro, el carro, los carros]

Cargo trailer

Cargo vehicle

Cargo, a cargo, the cargo, the cargos – [Carga, una carga, la carga, las cargas]

Carrion vulture

Carrion, a carrion, the carrion, the carrions - [Carrion, una carroña, la carroña, los carroñeros]

Castle, a castle, the castle, the castles – [Castillo, un castillo, el castillo, los castillos]

Cavity, a cavity, the cavity, the cavities – [Cavidad, una cavidad, la cavidad, las cavidades]

Celebration, a celebration, the celebration, the celebrations, to celebrate, celebrated, celebrating – [Celebración, una celebración, la celebración, las celebraciones, para celebrar, celebrado, celebrando]

Celestial – [Celestial]

Cemetery, a cemetery, the cemetery, the cemeteries – [Cementerio, un cementerio, el cementerio, los cementerios]

Centurion, a centurion, the centurion, the centurions – [Centurión, un centurión, el centurión, los centuriones]

Chapter, a chapter, the chapter, the chapters, to chapter, chaptered, chaptering - [Capítulo, un capítulo, el capítulo, los capítulos, al capítulo, capitulado, capitulo]

Charity, a charity, the charity, the charities – [Caridad, una caridad, la caridad, las caridades]

Chastity, a chastity, the chastity, chaste – [Castidad, una castidad la castidad casto]

Chastisement, a chastisement, the chastisement, the chastisements, to chastise, chastised, chastising – [Castigo, un castigo, el castigo, los castigos, para castigar, castigado, castigando]

Circuit, a circuit, the circuit, the circuits – [Circuito, un circuito, el circuito, los circuitos] comments: The Spanish phrases are “la casta chica”, “el casto chico”, “los castos humanos”

Circumstance, a circumstance, the circumstance, the circumstances, to circumcise, circumcised, circumcising – [Circunstancia, una circunstancia, la circunstancia, las circunstancias, para circuncidar, circuncidado, circuncidando]

Citation, a citations, the citation, the citations – [Cita, una cita, la cita, las citas]

City, a city, the city, the cities – [Ciudad, una ciudad, la ciudad, las ciudades] comments: examples of Spanish phrases – “la vida en la ciudad”, “para proliferar en las ciudades”.

Coach, a coach, the coach, the coaches – [Coche, un coche, el coche, los coches]

Cognoscente, a cognoscente, the cognoscente - [Cognoscente, un cognoscente, el cognoscente]

Colander, a colander, the colander, the colanders – [Colador, un colador, el colador, los coladores]

Collapse, a collapse, the collapse, the collapses, to collapse, collapsed, collapsing - [Colapso, un colapso, el colapso, los colapsos, para colapsar, colapsado, colapsando]

Collocation, a collocation, the collocation, the collocations, to collocate, collocated, collocating – [Colocación, una colocación, la colocación, las colocaciones, para colocar, colocar, colocar]

Color, a color, the color, the colors – [Color, un color, el color, los colores]

Column, a column, the column, the columns – [Columna, una columna, la columna, las columnas]

Communion, a communion, the communion, the communions – [Comunión, una comunión, la comunión, las comuniones]

Community, a community, the community, the communities – [Comunidad, una comunidad, la comunidad, las comunidades]

Comparison, a comparison, the comparison, the comparison, to compare, compared, comparing – [Comparación, una comparación, la comparación, las comparaciónes, para comparar, comparado, comparando]

Compassion, a compassion, the compassion, the compassions, compassionate, to compassionate, compassionated, compassionating – [compasión, una compassion, la compassion, las compasiones, compasivo]

Complete, to complete, completed, completing – [Completar, completar, completado, completando]

Complexity, a complexity, the complexity, the complexities – [Complejidad, una complejidad, la complejidad, las complejidades]

Complication, a complication, the complication, the complications, to complicate, complicated, complicating – [Complicación, una complicación, la complicación, las complicaciones, para complicar, complicado, complicando]

Comprehension, a comprehension, the comprehension, the comprehensions, to comprehend, comprehended, comprehending – [Comprensión, una comprensión, la comprensión, las comprensiones, para comprender, comprendido comprendiendo]

Compulsion, a compulsion, the compulsion, the compulsions, compulsive – [Compulsión, una compulsión, la compulsión, las compulsiones, compulsivas]

Concertina

Concertina, a concertina, the concertina, the concertinas - [Concertina, una concertina, la concertina, las concertinas]

Concubine, a concubine, the concubine, the concubines – [Concubina, una concubina, la concubina, las concubinas]

Condemnation, a condemnation, the condemnation, the condemnations, to condemn, condemned, condemning – [Condenación, una condenacion, la condenacion, las condenaciones, para condenar, condenado, condenando]

Condensation, a condensation, the condensation, the conversations, to condense, condensed, condensing – [Condensación, una condensación, la condensación, las condensaciones, para condenser, condensado, condensando]

Condition, a condition, the condition, the conditions, to condition, conditioned, conditioning, conditional – [Condición, una condición, la condición, las condiciones, condicionar, condicionado, condicionamiento, condicional]

Condolence, a condolence, the condolence, the condolences – [Condolencia, una condolencia, la condolencia, las condolencias]

Conduction, a conduction, the conduction, the conductions, a conductor, the conductor, the conductors, to conduct, conducted, conducting – [Conducción, una conducción, la conducción, las conducciones, un conductor, el conductor (la conductora), los conductores (la conductoras), para conducir, conducido, conducido] comments: the English word is "to drive"

Confabulation, a confabulation, the confabulation, the confabulations, to confabulate, confabulated, confabulating – [confabulación, una confabulación, la confabulación, las confabulaciones, para confabular, confabulado, confabulando]

Confidence, a confidence, the confidence, the confidences, confident, to confide, confided, confiding – [Confidencia, una confidencia, la confidencia, las confidencias, confidente, para confiar, confiarse, confidente]

Confirmation, a confirmation, the confirmation, the confirmations, confirmative, to confirm, confirmed, confirming – [Confirmación, una confirmación, la confirmación, las confirmaciones, confirmativo, para confirmar, confirmado, confirmando]

Conflagration, a conflagration, the conflagration, the conflagrations, to conflagrate, conflagrated, conflagrating – [conflagración, una conflagración, la conflagración, las conflagraciones, para conflagrar, conflagrado, conflagrando]

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