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ТЕМА «Модальные глаголы»

Модальные глаголы выражают обязанность, способность и разрешение что- либо делать.

В английском языке три модальных глагола: Must, can, may.

Модальный глагол	Смысловое значение	Утвердительная форма предложения	Отрицательная форма предложения	Вопросительная форма предложения	Краткие ответы
must	должен обязан	She mustconsult a doctor.	She must not consult a doctor.	Mustshe consult a doctor?	Yes, she must. No, she mustn’t.
can	уметь что - либо делать	She canmake injections.	She cannotmake injections.	Canshe make injections?	Yes, she can. No, she can’t[ka:nt]]
may	разрешение просьба что-либо сделать	You may use my telephone.	You may not use my telephone.	MayI use your telephone?	Yes, you may. No, you may not.

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (заменители)

Модальный глагол	Эквивалент модального глагола в Present	Эквивалент модального глагола в Past	Эквивалент модального глагола в Future
can could[ku:d]	to be able to I am able to speak English.	was (were) able to He was able to speak English.	shall (will) able to We ‘ll able to speak English.
may might	to be allowed to I am allowed to do this.	was (were)allowed to I was allowed to do this.	shall (will) allowed to He’ll allowed to do this.
must	to have to to be to I have to go there/ I am to do this work/	had to was(were) to I had to go there. I was to go there.	shall (will)have to I’ll have to go there.
Need- нужно,но не обязательно	I needto buy a new pen. You need not go to the bank.
Should– совет, рекомендации, удивление.	You shouldgo to bed earlier. Вам следует лечь пораньше.

Практические задания

Задание 1. Сделайте правильный смысловой перевод предложений на русский язык:

1. The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.

2. It’s a fantastic film. You must see it.

3. You needn’t come so early.

4. You should more attentive at the lessons.

5. She may take my umbrella.

6. He has to get at 6 in the morning.

7. I have to cook dinner myself today.

8. You must speak to Nick

9. I don’t want to go there but I have to.

10. You must not smoke here.

11. When is the train to arrive?

Задание 2. Поставить предложения в отрицательную форму:

1. You may smoke here.

2. She can help them to do shopping today.

3. They should do that every day.

4. He can drive a car very well.

5. I can buy products today.

6. I need your help.

7. They have to leave home early.

8. She must be working at home now.

9. He can answer my question.

10. I can speak English very well.

Задание 3. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами (по смыслу):

1. I…, but I… speak English.

2. You… work hard at your English.

3. She… get up early tomorrow.

4. You… take my car for two days.

5. You… often write to your old mother.

6. … I help you?

7. … I use your pen, please?

8. You… not go to the shop today.

9. You… go to consult a doctor.

10. … you show me the way to the supermarket?