Biological oxidation. The respiratory chain. Structure and functions of dehydrogenases. Oxidative phosphorylation. Microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system.

Variant 1

1. The most general definition of oxidation is:

a) addition of oxygen c) removal of electrons e) removal of hydrogen

b) removal of oxygen d) addition of hydrogen

2. Under normal conditions, most regions of the inner mitochondrial membrane are impermeable to:

a) oxygen c) H⁺ e) nitrogen

b) carbon dioxide d) water

3. The immediate driving force that powers the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP synthase is:

a) high [ADP] in the mitochondrion

b) gradient of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane

c) gradient of glucose across the plasma membrane

d) gradient of H⁺ across the inner mitochondrial membrane

e) high [NADH] in the cytoplasm

4. The term "oxidative phosphorylation" refers to a process in which:

a) ATP energy is used to drive protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane

b) A proton gradient provides power for electron transfer from substrate to oxygen

c) ATP energy supplies power for transfer to electrons from substrate of oxygen

d) electron transfer from substrate to oxygen provides energy to create a proton gradient, which then powers synthesis of ATP

e) phosphorylation of ADP creates of pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

5. Addition of cyanide to the mitochondrial enzymes causes:

a) increase in electron transport, inhibition of ATP formation

b) decrease in electron transport, increase in ATP formation

c) decrease in electron transport with a compensatory increase in the Krebs Cycle

d) decrease in the Krebs Cycle, electron transport, and ATP formation

e) decrease in electron transport only